History Of Ophthalmology Research Articles

In Service to Our Readers

As an aid to our readers, the Editorial Board of theArchivesnow publishes a ten-year index, the first such undertaking in our history. Its compilation was performed by the library staff of the American Medical Association. This invaluable cornucopia of authors and subjects appears at an appropriate time; namely, at the end of a decade marked by some of the most far-reaching and, indeed, revolutionary technical and social trends in the history of ophthalmology. The Editorial Board has utilized several additional publishing techniques in service to our readers over the past year. These can be divided into three categories: stylistic, procedural, and substantive. Stylistically, for example, the cover's design and color have been changed. Also, the table of contents has been expanded to include the names and subject material of CORRESPONDENCE, thereby permitting archival storage and future retrieval. Blue-tinted boxes are now used to highlight articles and editorials of

Ophthalmology in Japan.

Many changes have taken place recently in the field of ophthalmology in Japan. To help readers appreciate these fully, I will first include a brief history of ophthalmology in our country. The Society of Japanese Ophthalmology (SJO) was founded in Tokyo in 1887. Ninety-five ophthalmologists attended the first congress, where 17 papers were presented. The SJO grew to 581 members by 1900, and to 7,177 by 1984. Originally, the SJO was organized to develop basic and clinical science, as was the American Academy of Ophthalmology. In 1930, the Japan Ophthalmologists Association (JOA) was founded. There were 800 charter members whose major aims were the prevention of blindness and the ethical education of ophthalmologists. The JOA also intended to look after the interests of ophthalmic practitioners. By 1984, the number of members had increased to 7,785. The two societies have had a very cooperative relationship, and most ophthalmologists have held concurrent

Book Reviews

Journal Article Book Reviews Get access JULIUS HIRSCHBERG. The History of Ophthalmology, Volume 4: The Renaissance of Ophthalmology in the Eighteenth Century (Part Two). Trans. Frederick C. Blodi. Bonn, West Germany, Verlag J. P. Wayenborgh, 1984. vii, pp., illus. $88.00. FRANCIS G. LA PIANA FRANCIS G. LA PIANA M.D., F.A.C.S Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, Maryland 20814 – 4799 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Volume 40, Issue 2, April 1985, Pages 224–225, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/40.2.224 Published: 01 April 1985

Aging-related cataract: laboratory investigation and clinical management.

Cataract disrupts the crystalline lens, a transparent, elastic, avascular, biconvex structure composed of a capsule, lens epithelium, and lens fiber cells. Many factors contribute to the progression of lens opacity, but aging is most frequently associated with cataract. As aging-related cataract develops, many biochemical and biophysical changes occur, most notably a marked increase in the insolubilization of the crystallin and extensive oxidation damage to many of the lens constituents. Cataract management should include ophthalmologic history and examination, medical evaluation, optical correction, control of ocular and systemic disease that may contribute to cataract, discontinuation of cataractogenic drugs, and periodic reexamination. Surgery is indicated when cataract is associated with vision decrease interfering with activities important to the patient, intraocular inflammation or glaucoma, or interference with management of posterior segment disease. More than 600 000 cataract operations are done in the United States each year; in 1982 an estimated 496 000 cataract operations were combined with intraocular lens implantation.

The History of Ophthalmology. Volume 3: The Renaissance of Ophthalmology in the 18th Century, Part 1

In a continuation of a major publishing event for ophthalmologists, visual scientists, and medical historians, an additional volume of Frederick Blodi's English translation of Hirschberg's<i>Geschichte der Augenheilkunde</i>has appeared. The English translation of the monumental history is planned to fill 11 volumes. The most recent edition (volume 3) follows two years after the appearance of volume 1, which dealt with the "antiquity" of ophthalmology—its ancient dawnings in Egypt and the Middle East, the Orient, Greece, and Rome. This work concluded with Paul of Aegina (c 650 AD). We now advance 1,000 years to the "renaissance" of ophthalmology in the 18th century. It should be noted that this new contribution is the third volume and that the intervening ten centuries, dealing mainly with Arabian ophthalmology, are discussed in the second volume, which is promised shortly. I find the period of ophthalmology covered in volume 3 the most colorful and intriguing

The History of Ophthalmology, vol 1: Antiquity

Julius Hirschberg's well-known<i>History of Ophthalmology</i>was written in German and appeared in 1918 in the<i>Graefe-Saemisch Handbuch der Gesamten Augenheilkunde</i>. For more than 60 years it has been the essential source of medicohistorical information in ophthalmology, but because it has long been out of print, a new edition is overdue. Professor Frederick C. Blodi, MD, head of the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Iowa and an experienced multilingual ophthalmologist, has now undertaken the monumental task of translating Hirschberg's comprehensive work into English. The first of the 11 volumes to be published has recently been issued. For anyone familiar with the German edition, browsing in the first volume of the translated work is a unique experience. It begins with ophthalmology in ancient Egypt and elucidates the fact that true insight into the medicine of ancient Egypt only dates back to the unfinished contributions of Georg Eber (Eber's Papyrus)

The History of Ophthalmology: I. Antiquity

In his standard medical history, An Introduction to the History of Medicine , Fielding H. Garrison described Julius Hirschberg's volumes The History of Ophthalmology (Geschichte der Augenheilkunde) as being the complete and scholarly history of his science which has ever been written. Most medical historians would maintain that it is the most complete and scholarly history that exists for any subspecialty in medicine. Indeed, all of the shorter subsequent histories of ophthalmology available in English, from Shastid's massive chapter in the American Encyclopedia of Ophthalmology , to Burton Chance's Clio Medica edition of Ophthalmology , through Duke Elder's vignettes on the history of ophthalmology in his Textbook and System , to Gorin's recent History of Ophthalmology , draw heavily on this work. Why then have ophthalmologists and students of the history of medicine had to wait nearly three quarters of a century for a translation of this work into English? The reason, I believe,

History of Ophthalmology

Professor Gorin's book provides a concise synopsis of ophthalmology's long saga from antiquity to the present. Inasmuch as ophthalmology's illustrious past has been meticulously researched and referenced in Julius Hirschberg's definitive ophthalmic history (also entitled<i>History of Ophthalmology</i>), the brevity of Gorin's descriptions of historical events and personages will be disappointing to readers familiar with Hirschberg's original work. The strength of Gorin's text rests with its chronicle of ophthalmology's progress in the 20th century, that period where Hirschberg's narrative necessarily breaks off. This period of Gorin's account hits home repeatedly, with vivid descriptions of "contemporary" developments with which even younger members of our profession will be familiar. Many of the ophthalmologists mentioned in this history are still active and known to us all. We sense the ineluctable intermingling of past and present. This book should appeal to ophthalmologists interested in a brief historical overview of our specialty.

John Vetch and the Egyptian ophthalmia

During the Napoleonic Wars from 1798–1815, severe epidemics of keratoconjunctivitis affected the military and civilian populations of Western Europe. This disease was known as the Egyptian ophthalmia because it was first described in troops stationed in Egypt. Most physicians believed this condition was not infectious, but caused by various climatological factors. John Vetch, a British physician, emphasized that this disease was spread by direct conveyance of pus from the diseased to the healthy eye. His insistence that the ophthalmia was contagious, and his suggestions for prevention and treatment were milestones in the history of ophthalmology.

Book ReviewThe History of Ophthalmology. Volume 1: Antiquity

Book ReviewThe History of Ophthalmology. Volume 1: Antiquity

Twenty-five Years of International Ophthalmology (1957-1982)

This book is an update on the history of international ophthalmology presented by Professor Francois, who has been a member of the International Council all these years. The first part deals with the International Congresses from 1958 in Brussels up to the 1982 congress in San Francisco. Each congress is described in a few short paragraphs and illustrated with pictures, mainly of the president and the general secretary of the appropriate congress. The second part describes the International Council and lists its members up to the present time. The third part deals with the International Federation of Ophthalmological Societies and lists all the participating organizations. The final part discusses the recipients of the Gonin Medal during the last 25 years.

A short summary of the history of ophthalmology in Würzburg.

A short summary of the history of ophthalmology in Würzburg.

Genetic Counseling in Chromosomal Aberrations in Neurology and Ophthalmology

On the basis of their genetic-counseling experience with 4000 propositi, the authors start by recalling in a first part the fundamental mechanisms of the appearance and heritability of chromosomal aberrations.In a second part, they summarize the correlations between clinical cases and chromosomal abnormalities presently described in the literature. Only the syndromes in which a neurologic and/or an ophthalmologic history exists are reported.In a third part, modalities of genetic counseling, with a summing-up of general risks for chromosomal rearrangements and of their principal circumstances of diagnosis, are related.Genealogic and cytogenetic studies necessary for counseling are briefly recorded.

Jaeger's Atlas of Diseases of the Ocular Fundus, With New Descriptions, Revisions and Additions

This reprinting of the plates from Jaeger's 1869 atlas of the fundus oculi is a worthy contribution to the history of ophthalmology and a fine esthetic experience for the viewer. It was certainly a labor of love on the part of Dr. Albert, the editor who retrieved the original paintings from the archives of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. The paintings reached that repository as a bequest from Dr. William F. Norris, the senior author of the Norris and Oliver ophthalmology text so familiar to a previous generation of American medical students. Dr. Norris, the first Clinical Professor of Ophthalmology at the University of Pennsylvania, purchased the paintings from the estate of Jaeger after the death of the latter in 1884. The faithfulness of reproduction by Jaeger of normal and pathological detail is truly remarkable. Quite curious is his reproduction of the excavated glaucomatous disk as an elevation. Anyone

A History of Ophthalmology at the University of Pennsylvania.

This is primarily the story of the Eye Department of the University of Pennsylvania, but the authors have done much more than simply recount its history. Starting with Benjamin Franklin and Philip Physick, they have traced the evolution of ophthalmology as a specialty in medicine from the earliest beginnings in Philadelphia, and by emphasizing the progress made in ophthalmology over the last 200 years, they give an excellent picture of both the practice and the science in the United States. One gets the impression that somewhat more difficulty was encountered in establishing ophthalmology as an accepted specialty in Philadelphia than in some other American cities, so that it was a highly significant milestone when William F. Norris was appointed the first professor of ophthalmology at the University of Pennsylvania in 1870. It is remarkable that in the 95 years of its existence there have been only five professors. These have

A bibliography of the history of ophthalmology, 1963 and 1964.

A bibliography of the history of ophthalmology, 1963 and 1964.

Modern Ophthalmology. In 4 vol. Vol 1: Basic Aspects. Vol 2: Systemic Aspects

Here we have two volumes of a new four-volume series on modern ophthalmology. Volume I deals with basic sciences related to ophthalmology and Volume II primarily with systemic diseases related to ocular disorders. The author states that Volumes III and IV will contain chapters on topical ophthalmology, with emphasis on etiological aspects. The final section of Volume IV will discuss surgical procedures. In both volumes Dr. Sorsby has gathered an excellent group of contributors. In Volume I the introductory chapter on History of Ophthalmology, written by Sorsby, is superb. Here he presents a concise but adequate survey of the periods of ophthalmology and the historical aspects of specific ocular disorders. The basic subjects included in Volume I are anatomy, physiology, optics, and pharmacology. All of these sections are clearly written and adequately illustrated. Biochemistry, treated under the general section of physiology, lacks a detailed discussion of many of the biochemical

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE HISTORY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY. 1961 AND 1962.

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE HISTORY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY. 1961 AND 1962.

A bibliography of the history of ophthalmology, 1959 and 1960.

A bibliography of the history of ophthalmology, 1959 and 1960.

A History of Philippine Ophthalmology

A History of Philippine Ophthalmology