Introduction: Studies have linked infectious diseases to cardiovascular conditions, however, little is known about tropical disease burden and hypertension. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that a history of multiple tropical infections was associated with greater risk of hypertension. Methods: We examined participants from outpatient clinics in the Amazon Basin, Brazil, who underwent a detailed questionnaire on prior infections with tropical diseases, including dengue, malaria hospitalization and leishmaniasis. Participants were categorized with hypertension if they had a prior diagnosis of hypertension, were treated with anti-hypertensive medication or had systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/≥80mmHg. Results: A total of 556 participants (mean age 41 ± 15 years, 61% women) were enrolled, of which 38% (n=214) had hypertension and 354 (n=64%) had a history of tropical infectious disease. The distribution of tropical diseases was the following: Dengue 76% (n=270), malaria hospitalization 49% (n=104) and leishmaniasis 14% (n=48). In logistic regression models, each increase in prior tropical infections was significantly associated with hypertension (OR 1.50 [95%CI 1.15 to 1.96], P=0.003). The association remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, education, income, work status, living area (urban/rural), smoking status, vegetable intake and plasma creatinine (Figure A). Persons with a history of ≥2 tropical infections (n=64) had the greatest risk of hypertension (OR 2.04 [95%CI 1.15 to 3.63], P=0.015) (Figure B). In adjusted models, prior infection with dengue was associated with higher risk of hypertension (P<0.05), but no associations were found for malaria hospitalization or leishmaniasis (P>0.05). Conclusions: A history of multiple tropical infections was associated with hypertension. This finding supports the idea that infectious diseases may be related to cardiovascular conditions.