Discipline Of History Research Articles

A novel multi-dimensional analysis of reply, response and rejoinder articles: When discipline meets time

The purpose of this study is to profile the genre of reply, response, and rejoinder articles (3R) on a corpus of 480 texts sourced from the disciplines of History, Linguistics, Biology, Psychology, Chemistry, Physics, Politics, and Economics. A novel multi-dimensional model based on 124 linguistic features was developed on five functional dimensions: i. Literate vs. oral production, ii. Non-technical stance vs. specialized informational density, iii. Ethos-oriented non-narrative vs. logos-oriented narrative concerns, iv. Elaborated persuasion, and v. Overt expression of evaluation. The findings concerning disciplinary and diachronic variations across dimensions suggest: i. provided that 3R articles are heavily stance-loaded, relatively informative, and eloquently persuasive forms of academic discourse in nature, the genre of 3R in soft disciplines is literal, non-technical attitudinal, ethos-oriented non-narrative, elaborately persuasive and overtly evaluative, whereas it is oral, specialized information-dense narrative, logos-oriented persuasive and evaluative in hard disciplines; ii. the dimensions of evaluation, informativeness, and persuasiveness are the functional constants of the 3R genre across disciplines and time, despite significant discrepancies detected in the functional representation of oral/literate style and elaborated persuasion. These findings are relevant to the study of disciplinary rhetoric and may contribute to advanced genre pedagogy in EAP, ESP and EPP studies.

Using historical evidence: The semantic profiles of Ancient History in senior secondary school

This paper presents findings from the Australian Research Council funded ‘Disciplinarity, Knowledge and Schooling’ project (DISKS) which investigates knowledge-building practices in Australian secondary schools and gave rise to the ground-breaking notions of ‘semantic waves’ (Maton, 2013) and ‘power pedagogy’ (Martin, 2013). In this paper, we investigate student writing in senior secondary school Ancient History. We focus on how students use evidence in their responses to different types of exam questions. Our research question focuses on the extent to which key features of responses to short answer questions appear in extended responses and vice versa. This focus arose through findings that teachers in our study tended to view short answer questions as a ‘mini’ version of extended responses and prepared students accordingly. The similarities and differences are important to identify as extended responses make a significant contribution to the overall exam grade. To better understand the use of evidence in responses to different types of exam questions, the study draws on the dimension of Semantics in Legitimation Code Theory (Maton, 2013). We use the newly developed wording and clausing tools (Doran & Maton, 2018, forthcoming) to analyse the relative strength of context dependence in responses to Year 12 exam questions. Context dependence is particularly relevant to how students use evidence, as it involves relating the concrete particulars of specific historical artefacts, events, and the behaviours of historical figures to more abstract concepts in the discipline of history that are not bound to one historical setting. Our analysis tracks relative shifts in context dependence in student texts to generate semantic profiles of their exam responses. Findings show that although teachers may use the writing of short answer questions as preparation towards the high-stakes extended writing tasks, short answer responses are not ‘minature’ versions of extended responses. We argue that the differences are teachable and propose the use of model texts to make these features visible to students. Beyond the timeframe of secondary school education, learning to use evidence, particularly for the development of arguments, may provide a robust foundation for tertiary level writing tasks where students need to control degrees of context dependence.

The High Education in Public Schools between the UK and China

The paper compares the high education in public schools between the UK and China. As is well-known to all, a good education is based on the lessons of the past and collective advice. The main purpose of this paper is to conclude the strengths and weaknesses of two different countries in education, set a better example for other public schools and help Chinese public schools to have more significant education. The meanings of the public school in two countries are invoked in this paper to assist people in making a splendid comprehension for the differences or similarities. Meanwhile, the comparisons introduce the policies which are implemented by the governments and they constitute this paper. The method employed in this paper draw on the discipline of comparative education and history, which make it more enlightening. Also, the paper gives some suggestions to help education of both countries develop better, even though they both have different strengths and weaknesses.

A milestone in Canadian legal history

This review essay critically examines the first volume, covering the period from pre-contact until 1866, of a three-volume history of law in Canada. The essay assesses, in particular, how the book deals with Indigenous law and Indigenous-settler legal relations as well as the histories of private law and criminal justice in the French and British colonies that now constitute Canada. The book is an extraordinary achievement. It surveys a vast number of legal issues across the three foundational legal traditions in Canada (Indigenous, French, and English), draws together a huge array of scholarly works and primary sources, and presents an impressive number of new arguments and interpretations. The review essay also examines how the book highlights issues where more research is needed because crucial questions remain unanswered as well as areas where the book could be revised for a future second edition. Overall, the essay concludes that this is a must-read work for anyone interested in Canadian legal history and the histories of Indigenous-settler relations and colonization. This book is a milestone in the discipline of Canadian legal history and will be a standard work for generations of scholars.

From decolonizing knowledge to postimperialism

AbstractTo open new disciplinary imaginings, we must reinvigorate the relationship between utopian and anthropological thought. This is already underway in efforts to decolonize knowledge. Though such efforts have different emphases, they are located within a field of ideological and utopian struggles that must be understood in the context of imperialism‐colonialism, of subalternized subject positions, and of the armed and cognitive struggles that imperialism‐colonialism has entailed. Based on my Latin American positionality, I analyze the decolonization of anthropological knowledge as part of this wider field and of the discipline's history of reexamining itself. In a critical dialogue with postcolonial and decolonial thought, I proposepostimperialismas a framework that aims to deimperialize the world, overcoming the hierarchical positions between hegemonic and nonhegemonic anthropologies. Moreover, a postimperial research program would entail studying how global elites’ power affects those who struggle to end an unfair regime that is destroying the planet.

Centra, zázemí a periferie hospodářského života raně novověké společnosti v zemích České koruny. O smyslu hospodářských dějin raného novověku

The paper evaluates the representation of early modern economic history at the 12th congress of Czech historians in Ústí nad Labem in September 2022 and responds to opinions about the current decline of the discipline of economic history and its replacement by the “new” cultural history. It emphasises the continuing importance of classical economic history and the need to enrich it with new approaches, based on complexity, a comparative approach, and interdisciplinarity. Two historiographic probes demonstrating the meaning and significance of the study of territorial economic relations in the 16th and 17th centuries are presented. The first is a microhistorical insight into the management and function of the suburban estates of the Czech nobility in the immediate vicinity of the provincial capital, Prague, at the end of the 16th century, as can be observed through the example of the small manor of Košíř, owned in the years 1585–1597 by the lords of Hradec. The second probe shows the possibilities and benefits of analysing data from contemporary tax records and lists of serfdom duties and corvées for understanding the function and status of cities and towns in the South Bohemian domain of the lords of Hradec. It describes the structure of the urban network and the hierarchy of urban settlements in the 17th century, captures the original traces of war damage, and suggests the possibility of following the trends of early modern urbanisation in the territory of the former Bechyňsko region in a long wave from the end of the Thirty Years’ War to the beginning of industrialisation and the new “industrial” urbanisation in the 19th century.

ІНФОРМАЦІЙНА БЕЗПЕКА В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ ТА ВТРУЧАНЬ У МЕДІАСЕРЕДОВИЩЕ

<p><strong><em>The purpose</em></strong><em> of the research is to identify systemic threats to information security, ways of spreading Russian propaganda narratives, with inclusions, disinformation, manipulation, interference in the media environment, and ways to minimize the destructive impact on various technological platforms.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology</em></strong><em>. To study the problems of interventions, systematic propaganda campaigns, the method of selection and classification of data, their processing and analysis was applied, which made it possible to reveal the current and long-term goals of the manipulation technologies involved.</em></p><p><strong><em>The results.</em></strong><em> The promotion of the narratives of the "Russian world" in Ukraine took place by means of hybrid war and loss of territories, systematic interference in the information field and its imbalance. For Russian propaganda, the national television and radio space has been closed since the beginning of the war, instead, Telegram channels, various sites and Messengers have become the main platforms for disinformation, fakes, interventions and actually conducting information terrorism. The international nature of Russia’s use of a whole range of means and instruments of destabilization and intervention was recognized by the European Parliament and limited or banned their main technological resources. Instead, due to the loss of opportunities to promote disinformation on their own platforms, propagandists use workarounds.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> The components of informational and propaganda challenges of hybrid aggression and ongoing war in the media environment and cyberspace are universalized.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical meaning.</em></strong><em> The results of the research can be used during the study of journalism, political science, and history disciplines. The methodological base can be useful for further scientific investigations and research in the field of strategic communications and information security.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> propaganda, disinformation, racism, telespace, digital resources, information space, hybrid war.</em></p>

MORE THAN MEETS THE FACT: THE UNIVERSALITY OF HISTORY AND THE COLONIAL MEDIATION

ABSTRACTThis article examines how mediation is not just limited to the format that's selected to convey the findings of previously conducted research that supposedly followed the conventional protocols of the historical discipline. Rather, it considers mediation as a fundamental part of building historical knowledge, for it assumes that every part of the historiographical operation can be defined as “mediation.” Specifically, it deals with colonial historical mediation, a concept that refers to the combination of an overt or concealed agenda, intentional or unnoticed bias, commonsense assumptions, inherited academic and political traditions, conceptual constellations, and more or less informed theoretical beliefs that configure the subtext upon which historical explanation is built, particularly in Latin America.

The universal history to bring all universal histories to an end: the curious case of Volney

ABSTRACT The French writer, explorer, and historian Constantin-François de Volney (1757–1820) has been interpreted as embracing a Eurocentric Orientalism and a typically Enlightenment progressivist historical understanding. In this article, however, I argue that, far from simply offering yet another rationalistic or teleological historical narrative, Volney set out to refound the historical discipline by erecting historiography on a firmly empirical basis in order to repudiate the idea of historical design altogether. In this respect, his best-known work, The Ruins, or Meditations on the Revolutions of Empires (1791), seems to occupy a special status in his oeuvre in that it did not confine its analyses to the epistemological realm and historiographical practice, but explicitly linked historical narratives and practice to historical developments themselves, ascribing civilizational decline and devastation predominantly to ignorance and blind faith in religion or myths of the past. According to this reasoning, a new, more critical historical practice – akin to social anthropology – would, by making people conscious of their historical agency, liberate historical development itself and ideally bring an end to seemingly unending cycles of political tyranny and social destruction.

Fritz Redlich e o empreendedor como Deus e demônio

ABSTRACT This work recovers the contribution of Fritz Redlich (1892-1978) to the economic thought. Redlich wrote important works in the disciplines of economic history, entrepreneurship and business history. Amongst Redlich’s main ideas on the entrepreneur there is his distinction among different types of entrepreneurs. Redlich was also one of the first authors to analyze the structural problems of entrepreneurial action, proposing the idea of “demonic entrepreneur”, in which the accumulation of power caused by the entrepreneurial activity destroys the innovative spirit of the system, turning the entrepreneur into an enemy of society.

“The Establishment and Development of the Discipline of History of Science and Technology in China: Symposium Commemorating the 130th Anniversary of the Births of Li Yan and Qian Baocong” Was Held in Beijing

“The Establishment and Development of the Discipline of History of Science and Technology in China: Symposium Commemorating the 130th Anniversary of the Births of Li Yan and Qian Baocong” Was Held in Beijing

Why is There No History of Fascist International Thought?

Notwithstanding recent efforts, historians of international thought have yet to adequately address the highly heterogeneous and often paradoxical ideas espoused by international thinkers of a fascist persuasion. Instead, fascist international thought has commonly been ignored or otherwise reduced to an antiquated Darwinian realism. This article aims to present a case for how and why this fragmentary situation should be corrected. Specifically, it advocates for a closer interdisciplinary engagement between the history of international thought and the field of fascist studies. It thus implores the former to consider salient thematic and methodological developments within the latter and adapt them accordingly. The consequent research agenda that emerges feasibly offers novel insight into (I) unexplored avenues in the history of international thought and the disciplinary history of International Relations, alongside presenting both (II) theoretical and (III) normative implications for the discipline as such. Pourquoi n’y a-t-il pas d’Histoire de la pensée fasciste internationale?

Kendini Açıklamak: Göbekli Tepe Kültürü’nde Bir Köken Miti Yorumu (Antropomorfik Temalara Alternatif Bir Bakış)

The humans of the Göbekli Tepe Neolithic culture of the Upper Euphrates Basin left behind long-term settlements with surprising monumental structures and a rich set of symbolism. This study puts the various symbolic themes of this culture to its center, and attempts to offer a reasonable interpretation of how the people of this culture and period constructed a “reality” about themselves. When the themes of human head and phallus are positioned at the center of the interpretations of this period’s symbolism, it is possible to claim that the Neolithic people conceptualized/explained themselves through an complex mythological narrative. This paper also hopes to contribute to the disciplines of archaeology, anthropology, sociology and history of religions by asserting that the T-shaped pillars of the Göbekli Tepe Culture are the phalli of the ancestors representing these ancestors’ remaining fragment/aspect on “the world,” and thus, are the material representations of the “now” and “this world,” rather than mythological ancestors, supernatural beings or gods. In this context, it is possible to relate the T-shaped pillars with ancestor cult, and also an important part of the anthropomorphic statues and reliefs with the initiation rites in which a person gains status in society. One of the biggest goals of this study is to begin a discussion about what can be the main mythological narrative of this culture.

Образовательный и воспитательный потенциал истории повседневности как компонента исторического образования

The issue of cognitive motivation of students is one of the key issues in pedagogy and teaching methods. The actualization of this issue is currently connected with the problems of modernization of education in Kazakhstan. One of these problems is caused by the search for funds for the development of cognitive abilities of students. The solution of this problem can be facilitated by the use of materials of everyday history in teaching history. This article is devoted to the educational potential of the history of everyday life, the direction of historical research that appeared relatively recently, in the last quarter of the twentieth century, and explores the life world of ordinary people – participants in the historical process. The relevance of the study of the possibilities of using the potential of everyday history in the process of teaching historical disciplines for the development of cognitive motivation of students and their socialization is due to the fact that this issue has been little studied in domestic methodological works. According to the authors of the article, it is impossible to get an objective picture of the past without taking into account all the wealth of historical knowledge, including the history of everyday life. Familiarity with the everyday behavior of people of other historical eras, with their mentality and system of moral values will show students the commonality and continuity of universal culture. The formation of a value attitude to one's past, its emotional perception determines the effectiveness of training. The article analyzes the educational tasks of the history of everyday life, considers the possibility of using innovative methods for teaching it. The authors believe that the formation of students' knowledge on the history of everyday life will contribute to a more adequate perception of the historical process, easier and more productive assimilation of educational material, increase the cognitive motivation of students, stimulate their socialization in society.

Сторінки історії Національного музею природознавства (Париж) в медальєрному мистецтві

The article briefly covers the pages of the history of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris, France), which was established in 1793, inheriting the material base and collections of one of the oldest botanical gardens in the world—the Royal Garden of Medicinal Plants. Contribution to the development of the Royal Garden of Medicinal Plants was made by its leaders and employees: Guy de La Brosse, Guy Crescent Fagon, Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, Pierre Chirac, the family of French botanists de Jussieu, Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, and Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre. After its foundation, the museum was managed, among others, by Louis Jean-Marie D’Aubenton, Bernard Germain Étienne de Laville-sur-Illon, comte de Lacépède, George-Léopold-Chrétien-Frédéric-Dagobert Cuvier, Michel Eugène Chevreul, Adolphe Théodore Brongniart, André Marie Constant Duméril, Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Alphonse Milne-Edwards, Jean Octave Edmond Perrier, Achille Joseph Urbain, Maurice Alfred Fontaine, and Jean Dorst. The heyday of the scientific activity of the Museum was during the long years of leadership of Michel Eugène Chevrel. Table medals of France and the USA, researched and described by the authors of the article, were created to honour these famous scientists. Attention is also drawn to modern tourist medals (tokens) dedicated to the Museum’s facilities: the Garden of the Plants, the Great Evolution Gallery, the Palaeontological Museum (Galleries of Comparative Anatomy and Palaeontology), the Botanical Garden Zoo, and the Vincennes Zoo. The results of the analysis of the medals made it possible to display in a new plane the most vivid pages of the history of the Museum, the function of which is teaching, research, and dissemination of natural science knowledge, its modernity, biographies of outstanding personalities who worked in it. Most of the medals were first introduced into scientific biological circulation. The obtained information once again confirmed the possibility of using objects that are studied by special historical disciplines (in this case, the section of numismatics, medal art) for the study of the history of science.

I. Mironov: a Prisoner of Auschwitz, an Associate of D. Karbyshev, a Teacher at the Irkutsk Financial and Economic Institute

The article explores the main milestones in the biography of I.A. Mironov. Based on methodological approaches and methodological tools of the historical discipline of biography, the main stages of his scientific and pedagogical activity are analyzed. The fact of personal acquaintance and cooperation of I.A. Mironov with D.M. Karbyshev in captivity. Since there are only a few memories of its participants from the documentary evidence of the organization of the resistance in Auschwitz, the introduction of new facts can be considered an important contribution to the study of this topic. Simultaneously conducted microhistorical research is another important page in the vast chronicle of the Great Patriotic War. Particular attention is paid to the period of work of I.A. Mironov at the Irkutsk Financial and Economic Institute. The source basis for the study was documents from the personal archive of E.G. Zinkov, personal file of I.A. Mironov from the archive of the Baikal State University, as well as documents from the state archive of the Irkutsk region.

高中历史教材的中国边疆史地内容及教学应用研究

National unity and ethnic unity are the fundamental issues of national development, but border issues in the new era are still emerging endlessly, hindering the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Strengthening the teaching of China’s frontier history and geography in high school history education is not only the need of the new era, but also the requirement of the core literacy of the history discipline and the trend of the college entrance examination proposition. The textbook “Outline of Chinese and Foreign History (Part 1)” presents the map of the border situation in various stages of Chinese history, the border governance of successive dynasties, and the political, economic, cultural characteristics and ethnic integration of border minorities, etc. In the specific process of high school history teaching practice, attention should be paid to the selection of timing and historical materials, the design of teaching mode and class type in the teaching application of the contents of the historical geography of the China’s borderland, in order to cultivate students’ feelings for home and country, and enhance their awareness of safeguarding of national unity and ethnic unity.

Философия или история философии: анализ инверсивных отношений

The article examines the current situation related to the prospects for further development of philosophical knowledge. It is pointed out that in the interpretation of a number of authors, philosophy is now actually reduced to the history of philosophy, turning into a purely historical discipline. Philosophical thought boils down to the analysis and systematization of what was created before, but not to the free search and creation directed to the future. The current situation has been created due to the practice in which every thought does not arise by itself, but is necessarily based on previously expressed thoughts. Philosophy deals mainly not with the actual, but with the previously described and interpreted reality. Therefore, it is almost impossible for modern philosophers to create on virgin soil. In addition, the amount of philosophical knowledge has reached such a volume that it is almost impossible to keep it within individual human memory. A significant part of philosophical research at present is actually aimed at studying the history of philosophy, while such works sometimes do not contain their own thoughts at all. This situation is considered in philosophy as a systemic inversion: the service, subordinate element of the system acquires a dominant meaning in it. Of course, the role of the history of philosophy in this discipline itself cannot be disputed. Philosophy is a kind of cumulative knowledge in which the past is inseparable from the present and the future. However, it is impossible to identify the history of philosophy with philosophy itself, because this approach closes any path leading to the future for philosophical thought. It is implied that philosophers from now on should be engaged exclusively in rethinking what was created earlier. The further development of philosophical thought with this approach is actually denied. However, Aristotle pointed out that even the complete denial of philosophy implies the use of philosophical argumentation, and therefore, willingly or unwittingly forces one to accept the existence of a philosophical discipline. The most important point is that philosophy is a discipline of interest not only for philosophers themselves. Philosophy is not a ‘toy for philosophers’, it is a cognitive tool that is in demand in all other areas of human knowledge. And since science and practice as a whole continue to develop, philosophy will remain in demand precisely as a living, developing discipline, and not as a frozen collection of accumulated thoughts.

Escaping the Prison House of Effects: The Persistence of an Anachronism in Rhetoric Studies

ABSTRACT Persuasive effect will always be an essential part of rhetoric studies, but it should not be either its ready shorthand, identifying trait, or lodestar. The decades-long momentum to move beyond the identification of rhetoric with the production and management of effects should be pointedly encouraged, with many new rhetorical imaginaries (invitational, dialogic, agonistic, ecologic, etc.) providing ample resources for doing so. This paper will describe the self-limiting nature of an effects frame, show that there have always been alternatives within rhetoric’s traditions to move beyond it, outline the persistence of a first-order identification with persuasive effect in contemporary disciplinary history, and point to specific ways to put this habit in the rear-view mirror. The rhetorical appropriation of Foucault’s interpretation of parrhesia is explored as an example of a rhetorical practice that moves beyond the reductive straight-jacket of effects.

Translating transactions: Markets as epistemic and moral spheres

AbstractIn this Modern Asian Studies book symposium, scholars of South Asia analyse the political, ethical, and epistemic aspects of market life. They build on the 2020 Cambridge volume, Rethinking Markets in Modern India: Embedded Exchange and Contested Jurisdiction, edited by Ajay Gandhi, Barbara Harriss-White, Douglas Haynes, and Sebastian Schwecke. This interdisciplinary conversation approaches transactional realms from the disciplines of history, anthropology, development studies, and political economy. The symposium’s contributors examine a range of pertinent issues that encompass customary forms of exchange and capitalist aspects of trade. Among the topics discussed are those of market fetishism, bazaar knowledge, social embeddedness, forms of transactional representation and translation, and institutional and regulatory contexts for commerce.