History Of Central Asia Research Articles

Buddhism and Silk: Reassessing a Painted Banner from Medieval Central Asia in The Met

Buddhism and Silk: Reassessing a Painted Banner from Medieval Central Asia in The Met

The Sovereign's Brigands

Abstract The essays in this collection, “Rethinking Sovereignty,” draw on the historiography of postcolonial studies to cast new ways of apprehending the semantic ambiguity of the idiom of power. By anatomizing the language of sovereignty derived from colonialism and statist nationalism, the editors of this special section advocate for a graded geography of political thought. They also gesture at the capaciousness of the historiographies of Asia to include various, particular, but no less historically significant manifestations of statehood. Sartori argues further that, by taking a more capacious view of records produced and preserved by the Uzbek khanates (roughly from the 1750s to the 1860s), an engagement with Central Asian history allows us to inscribe banditry into the complex, at times puzzling, texture of pre-Westphalian forms of sovereignty, and, in so doing, help us expand and fine-tune our analytical baggage when addressing forms of fragmented rule.

Two Newly Found Xiōng-nú Inscriptions and Their Significance for the Early Linguistic History of Central Asia

Abstract The present article deals with two recently excavated Xiōng-nú inscriptions from the Xiōng-nú capital Lóng Chéng in Mongolia. Although these inscriptions are in Chinese, they contain the title of the Xiōng-nú supreme ruler 單于 *darƣwa, which is attested for the first time outside of Chinese dynastic chronicles. On the basis of this fact, I propose a hypothesis that Xiōng-nú used Chinese characters to transcribe phonographically their own language.

Ink as a Functional Marker in the Study of the Syriac and Christian Sogdian Manuscript Fragments in the Turfan Collection (Berlin) and in the Krotkov Collection (St. Petersburg)

The Syriac and Christian Sogdian manuscript fragments in the Turfan Collection (Berlin) and in the Krotkov Collection (St. Petersburg) were written in black ink and, much less frequently, in brown ink. The use of red ink is very limited and not yet studied in detail. By linking the analysis of all the elements that are due or related to the scribal discourse in Christian Medieval Central Asia with a well‑established codicological tradition, this contribution is meant to outline the purposes of the use of different ink in the Syriac and Christian Sogdian manuscript fragments discovered in the early 20th century in Xinjiang (China). A broader perspective that takes into account other Eastern Christian manuscript traditions is also included.

MEMOIRS AS A SOURCE ON THE HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th – EARLY 20th CENTURIES

The colonial period in the history of Central Asia is reflected in many written sources, including memoirs. Memoir works are diverse in their genre and content. These are travel records of Russian and foreign ambassadors and travelers who visited Central Asia, and memoirs by local authors. The article examines the memoir works of Central Asian authors of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. They are divided into groups such as autobiographies, travel records, memoirs, and oral history. On the example of specific works of specific authors, the significance of each of the above groups of memoir literature is analyzed, their significant sides and their inherent shortcomings are revealed. It is concluded that methods such as critical approach and comparative analysis allow researchers to effectively use the memoirs of local authors to study the history of the colonial period. KEYWORDS: Memoirs, autobiographies, travel records, recollections, oral history, critical approach, comparative analysis, reliability.

ƏБУЛ-ФИДАНЫҢ «ТАҚУИМ ƏЛ-БҰЛДАН» ЕҢБЕГІНДЕГІ ХОРЕЗМ ӨЛКЕСІНІҢ ТАРИХИ ГЕОГРАФИЯСЫ

The aim of the article is the historical geography of Khorezm, as well as a comprehensive study of the interaction of society and nature in the region and, in part, the adjacent territories.The article analyzes the historical and geographical data of the Khorezm region in the work of Abu al-Fida “Taqwim al-Buldan” during the Middle Ages, which are known from written sources.The article is also based on the materials of archaeological research and information from the works of other scientists of the Abu al-Fida era.A comprehensive study of the geography and social characteristics of the cities of the Khorezm region confirms information about a high civilization that arose in Central Asia at the junction of sedentary and nomadic traditions, its urban culture influenced the formation of modern states.The author, referring to the written sources of medieval researchers, describes the architecture of cities, geographical coordinates, nature and climate, arts and crafts, science and education, peculiarities of the population, etc. The study examined the main cities of Khorezm, such as: Kurkandzh, Dzhurdzhaniya, Kas, Zamakhshar, Khazarosb, Dar'an, Farabr and others.The article also analyzes such issues as the methods of using water resources and the development of the irrigation system in the Middle Ages Khorezm. Khorezm, whose territory since ancient times was formed at the crossroads of various historical events. He played a huge role in the formation of the Central Asian state as a whole. It is clear that the urban culture of medieval Khorezm influenced the modern traditions of the region. The work of Abul-Fida "Takim al-Buldan" is an important scientific heritage for the formation of the historical physical geography, economic and social geography of Khorezm. At the time of Abul-Fida, Khorezm was a rich and cultural region with developed agriculture, crafts and trade. The cities of the Khorezm region were formed along the rivers. Because they were important to the economy and life. Outside the cities, fortifications were built from high walls. Trade relations with neighboring countries have developed. Khorezm played an important role in the economy of Maurennahr, through which one of the northern branches of the Great Silk Road passed. The heritage of Khorezm architecture as a whole is known for its unique architectural monuments in the history of Central Asia, as well as for the great contribution of Khorezm architects to the construction and fine arts of Central Asia, which subsequently preserved and contributed to the development of architecture. Archaeological excavations confirm that the Khorezmians were engaged not only in trade and agriculture, but also in science. The Khorezmians mastered astronomy and mathematics. They invented angle measuring devices and used them in scientific research. Astronomy and many natural sciences developed in Ancient Khorezm.

Hokand Hanlığının Çarlık Rusya’sı ve Çin’le Siyasi-İktisadi İlişkileri

Information about Khoqand is also included in the geographical works of the 10th century historians. According to the manuscripts that have reached our days, it is possible information about Khoqand. The Khoqand Khanate is one of the newly developing state of history in Central Asia. But it has remained as one of the khanates that left a deep mark on the past. Domestic trade in Asia has been based on the products of nomadic shepherds, resident farmers and artisans, especially in ancient cities and rural areas. All three states of Turkestan were in foreign trade and political relations with Kashgar, India, Afghanistan, Iran, especially Russia and China. Like others, these international relations played an important role economic and political life of the Khoqand Khanate. In this context, it is documenting that Khoqand Khanate has political and economic relations with China and Tsarist Russia. Some historical documents have been preserved about these contacts. In this article, we will briefly focus on the foreign relations of the Khoqand Khanate and its effects on the state.

The Importance Of Using "Temur Tuzuks" To Improve The Activities Of Military Workers

The article analyzes the role of Amir Temur in the history of Central Asia, his contribution to world civilization, the content of the conceptual ideas put forward in the work "Temur tuzuklari" (Regulations of Temur). The great state policy of Amir Temur to ensure the stability of the state is analyzed on the basis of sources, the creative work carried out by Temur and the reforms in the field of public administration are studied. Amir Temur's attitude to the servicemen and the various material and spiritual incentives he showed them was also shown.

БУДДА РОҲИБЛАРИНИНГ САЁҲАТНОМАЛАРИДА МАРКАЗИЙ ОСИЁ: VII–VIIIАСРЛАР

In this article, the author analyzes the work “Da Tang Siyu-tzu” of the Buddhist monk Xuanzan, who visited the Central Asian region in the early Middle Ages, and other sources on the history of Central Asia in this source. This article is devoted to one of the most pressing problems in the history of Central Asia in the early Middle Ages.

SO’NGGI O’RTA ASRLAR BUXORO AN’ANALARI VA MAROSIMI

The manuscript fund of the Bukhara Museum-Preserve has a collection of about 6 thousand documents. The author of the article demonstrates the capabilities of the collection as an information source, using two handwritten documents as an example. They are united by a detailed description of customs, recommendations, rules of palace etiquette and ceremonial for holding festivities (in this case, Navruz) adopted in late medieval Bukhara for rulers, nobles and ordinary people. A study of the above-mentioned documents will allow researchers to obtain additional material on the history and ethnography of late medieval Central Asia.

Keramicheskie kompleksy srednevekovyh poselenij Vostochnogo Priaral'ya kak istochnik svedenij po etnoistorii Central'noj Azii

Keramicheskie kompleksy srednevekovyh poselenij Vostochnogo Priaral'ya kak istochnik svedenij po etnoistorii Central'noj Azii

Bağımsızlık Dönemi Kırgız Tarih Yazımına Kısa Bir Bakış

The Kyrgyz people, one of the oldest Turkic tribes mentioned in written sources, have an important place in Central Asian history. It is understood that the Kyrgyz people, about whom the first information comes from Chinese sources, lived in a wide geographic region and did not write their own history. The Kyrgyz were the first Turkic tribe to obey Cenghis Khan. It is thought that immigration to Kyrgyzstan, which is almost entirely mountainous, began in the 9th and 10th centuries. For this reason, we believe that the Kyrgyz historiography started very late, considering their late appearance on the scene of history. The subject of the first works written in the Marxist-Leninist line during the period of the Soviet Union in Kyrgyzstan was often shaped within the framework of the universal development of humanity, class struggle, popular uprisings, progressive and reactionary forces. After Kyrgyzstan declared its independence on 31 August 1991, a new free era of historiography began. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, four topics have come to the fore in the historiography of Kyrgyzstan. We can list these topics as historical persons, the origin of the Kyrgyz, special occasions and celebrations and oral traditions. This study will focus on the Kyrgyz historiography from its independence to the present. The sources of our study are research works written about the history of Kyrgyzstan. 

About copies, translations and editions of the work "tarikh ar-rusul val-muluk"

The article provides information about the life of the medieval historian Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, the works of the scholar, manuscripts of the historically recognized work "History ar-rusul valmuluk" in the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, translations and editions of the work. Mentioned. In short, the work "History of ar-rusul val-muluk" has a special place in the field of Islamic studies, historiography, and we can obtain valuable information by analyzing the historical events in it. Belyaev was able to fully preserve the originality and individual style of the author. A translator who translates literally often cannot translate artistically perfectly. As a result, the editors faced the problem of comparing the two editions of the translation. This work was undoubtedly useful. Because a lot of additions and clarifications were made to the translation, as a result of which some methodological errors were corrected. In general, the style of translation has been preserved. On the basis of this translation, Sh. Zokirova and M. Kutluqov translated the sections of the work "The events of the murder of Yazdgird and the conquest of Khorasan", "Qutayba's attack on Movarounnahr" into Russian and "Materials from the history of Central Asia" (Fan Publishing House, 1988). included in the set.

Handwritten copies of Abu Nasr al-Farabi ‘s “al-Mauyza” (“Sermon”)

The article is devoted to the treatise of the Otrar thinker Abu Nasr al-Farabi “al-Mauyza” (Sermon), versions of which are preserved in the world archives under various names. In the history of science this work first appeared under the title “Kalam Abi Nasr al-Farabi fi Vasaya...” in the work ibn Masquih (929-1030) “al-Hikmatu-l halida”, in the early 17th century was named “Jawamiu-s siasati” in a work of bibliographic nature by Haji Khalifa (1609-1657) “Kashf al-zunun,” then based on the research of scientists who had taken up the systematic study of the works of the heritage of the thinker since the mid-20th century, put into scientific circulation under several titles the work from the written heritage of Abu Nasr al-Farabi unpublished version was discovered in the archive of the “Arab Institute of Manuscripts” in Cairo. In addition, the article states that there is a great opportunity to return to their homeland the written heritage of great scientists, valuable exhibits concerning the history of Central Asia and Kazakhstan, which are located in the funds and archives of libraries of foreign countries through comprehensive research carried out within the framework of state programs initiated by the First President of Kazakhstan: “Cultural heritage,” “People in the stream of history”, “Seven facets of the Great Step”. Key words: al-Farabi heritage, source, sources, manuscripts, research, introduction to scientific circulation.

G. Roerich’s Contribution to Russian Indology

G. Roerich is an important figure for the history of oriental studies. His contribution to the development of Tibetology, Mongolian studies and the history of Central Asia is prominent. This article deals with G. Roerich’s contribution to Russian Indology. G. Roerich has graduated from the best Western universities: London University, Harvard and Sorbonne, where he received classical indological education. He followed the principles of the classical Indology during his entire scholarly career.G. Roerich understood the field of Indology broadly: not in a geographical sense, but rather as a cultural-historical unity, including not only India (South Asia), but also Central Asia, Tibet and Mongolia. This view (approach) originated in the tradition of Russian oriental studies, in which Shcherbatsky’s school of Buddhology prevailed until the 1930s. According to this view (approach), the subject of Indology included the study of the whole space of the Indian Buddhism.In this paper the following works by G. Roerich are analysed: “Professor Charles Rockwell Lanman and His Work in the Field of Indology” (1931), “The Story of the Rama in Tibet” (1960), “Indology in Russia” (1945).In the 1930s, in Russia, oriental studies suffered from severe repressions. Schools of Buddhology and especially of Tibetology almost disappeared. On his return in Russia in 1957, G. Roerich began to revive the lost scientific school. G. Roerich’s contribution to the training of young soviet indologists as well as buddhologists and tibetologists is most significant. Many of his students later became the gems of Russian scholarship. After the breakup of the USSR, they kept the scholarly traditions of the classical Indology and handed them over to their students and so on. In such a way, the succession of Russian Indology was maintained. This could not have happened without G. Roerich.For Indology in Russia G. Roerich was not only a scholar who returned from emigration. He has not only enriched Russian Indology with his scholarly works. He has become the symbol of the revival of Oriental Studies in this country, the necessary link in the long chain of the scholarly succession.

A Brief Analysis on the Development of Visual Arts in Central Asian History

世界科学出版社（World Science Publishing-WSP）立足国际，积极配合中国“走出去”出版战略，大力推进版权输出与引进，并不断拓展国际间的交流与合作，取得显著成绩。WSP国际图书出版项目力倡中国科研人员出版英文图书，出版社具有丰富的国际传播资源与雄厚的编辑、翻译、出版力量，拥有一批著名的中外翻译专家、出版专家，及一支精通国际出版的编辑、翻译和国际营销队伍。探索“科学进步”与“社会进步”是人类永恒主题，WSP推崇以科学信仰引领学术方向，遵循各国法律和地方法规，能够协助您优质、快捷、低

The importance of the work “Tarixi rashidiy” in the study of the medieval history of central asia

The importance of the work “Tarixi rashidiy” in the study of the medieval history of central asia

Shaping Historical and Cultural Heritage in Uyghur Children: A Case Study on the Book Series Bilqut Balilar Shexs Hëkayiliri

In the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (People’s Republic of China), history is taught according to Chinese nationalistic guidelines and the history of ethnic groups is built around their relationships with the Han majority. In this context of historical hegemony, the paper examines a series of books for Uyghur children on famous historical characters in order to understand how young generations’ ethnic consciousness can be shaped. The analysis identifies some trends of the Uyghur ethnic discourse transmitted to children (connections with the history of Central Asia and the Middle East, the focus on elements of identification such as Islam and muqams), as well as the presence of a Chinese paradigm that supports progress, secular education, and the standardization of folklore. Furthermore, the article aims to identify how much leeway is given to the development of a counter-discourse, particularly in the transmission of historical and cultural heritage to the younger generations.

ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CHINESE EMPEROR KANGXI AND THE DZUNGAR KHAN GALDAN DURING THE DZUNGAR-CHINESE WAR OF 1690-1697

The study of the history of the Dzungar khanate is of particular interest to world and national Orientalism. Problems of formation, activity and decline of this state in the XVII-XVIII centuries were studied at different times by Orientalists from Russia, China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan and other countries. And now the history of the Dzungar khanate is an important aspect of Oriental studies, especially in studies on the history of Central Asia. The relevance of the article is due to the extreme interest in Oriental studies in modern science, namely in Central Asia. For centuries, the Kalmyk khanate had relations with China, Dzungaria, Kazakh zhuzes. The khanate established friendly relations with some states, and with others, despite the zeal to find a mutually beneficial solution, contact could not be established. Almost all of this was influenced not by the Kalmyk khanate itself, but by the relations of other states together, for example, China and Dzungaria. The subject of study in this article is the Dzungar-Chinese relations at the end of the XVII century. These relations are described in the book of the Chinese author of Mongolian origin Altan-Ochir “A brief history of Oirat-Mongols”. The authors of the article tried to reconstruct the picture of the events of that time with the help of translation and make short conclusions.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ALP SYSTEM AND THE IMAGINATION OF SOKHIBKIRON

The present paper examines heroic system in oral epics and notion about 'sohibqironlik'. The article compares heroic system in 'Alpamysh', 'Gurugli' and meaning of sohibqironlik in 'Timurname'. Amir Temur who was respected statesman named as a Sohibqiron and introduced Uzbek people to the world by his considerable ability and great wits is revered as a national hero in Central Asian history. Only a few sultans are found to be worthy this honour. That is to say, five King and their dynasty are admitted as a Sohibqiron. Three Sohibqiron were noted in certain historical books for instance, 'Timurname' by Salohiddin Toshkandiy. The book illustrates amount of folktales and legends concerning Sohibqiron. The term of 'Sohibqiron' divides into two part. From Persian 'sohib' indicates 'ega' (owner) in Uzbek-Turkish language. From Arabian 'Qiron' indicates the term of collision two star Zuhra and Mushtariy (Venus and Jupiter). Infant who was born in this period of time was predicted to be triumphant, prosperous and lucky. The paper analyzes principal properties our forefather's mindset, system of heroism,and Sohibqironlik.