Abstract Compared to most other cases of independence, the creation of Libya is generally regarded as a conservative outcome. Rather than being founded on a nationalist impulse, the United Kingdom of Libya derived its legitimacy from Islam, specifically following the path of the Sanūsiyya—one of the key symbols of anti-colonial resistance—whose religious leader became the first king of the new state. As a primarily religious movement, however, the Sanūsiyya’s influence was unevenly distributed across the country. Consequently, when Idris al-Sanūsī ascended the throne, his political legitimacy was not universally acknowledged. Within this context, both history and historiography played a strategic role in the construction and contestation of political legitimacy. This paper aims to analyse historiographical narratives produced during the 1940s and 1950s, viewing independence as a process that transcends the moment of its formal proclamation. The objective is twofold: first, to investigate the construction of a “Sanūsī epistemological sovereignty” through historical revision and the promotion of a pro-monarchist historiography; and second, to examine its role in legitimising the new state and in fostering a shared sense of identity and nationhood.

The mangrove ecosystem-based management is not a simple task. It poses a challenge for nations, municipalities, and stakeholders that look to protect their livelihoods. The integration of watersheds provides a scope that includes freshwater and soil pollution in the upper basin. The Socio-ecological system framework offers a new vision for understanding how the social elements interact with the ecological cycles in an area without being limited by political boundaries. As well as the configuration of spatial patterns that discover indicators to establish action keys for ecosystems and livelihoods. However, understanding the present is insufficient to get the data needed to cover crucial thresholds impacting human beings and the ecological cycles in the mangrove forests and estuaries. Through a historical revision of 105 documents from the early 1900s to 2014, as well as 24 interviews were performed to delimit the configuration of two Socio-Ecological Systems in the Jaltepeque estuary watershed. First, which almost covers an 80-year period, has a primary factor: the no-limiting of cotton crops implies the replacement of the wetland area for more production. The second SES was started by the civil war in El Salvador and reconfigured to small subsistence production.

This essay explores the metamodernist engagement with Virginia Woolf in contemporary Australian fiction, focusing on how authors reimagine modernist legacies through narrative experimentation, ethical inquiry, and historical revision. Drawing on David James and Urmila Seshagiri’s definition of metamodernism as a mode that revisits and reconfigures modernist aesthetics, the essay examines three recent Australian novels – John A. Scott’s Shorter Lives (2020), Michelle Cahill’s Daisy and Woolf (2022), and Sophie Cunningham’s This Devastating Fever (2022) – to illustrate the diverse ways Woolf’s influence is interrogated and transformed. Scott’s Shorter Lives engages in poetic and temporal play, constructing a speculative biography of Virginia Stephen that blends past and future through typographic and intertextual cues. His narrative disrupts linear chronology, echoing modernist techniques while embedding Woolf’s legacy within a metafictional framework. Cahill’s Daisy and Woolf adopts a more overtly ethical stance, reclaiming the marginalised character of Daisy Simmons from Mrs Dalloway to critique Woolf’s racial and class biases. Through autofiction and epistolary form, Cahill challenges the exclusions of modernist feminism and asserts fiction’s potential for moral redress. Cunningham’s This Devastating Fever offers a more ambivalent approach, using ghostly dialogues with Leonard and Virginia Woolf to reflect on the limits of historical understanding and literary responsibility. Her protagonist, Alice Fox, confronts the futility and necessity of writing, ultimately embracing the contradictions inherent in metamodernist inquiry. Together, these works form a continuum of metamodernist responses to Woolf, ranging from experimental homage to ethical confrontation. The essay situates these texts within broader debates in modernist studies, neo-Victorian fiction, and postcolonial critique, arguing that Australian literature plays a vital role in global metamodernist discourse. It concludes by questioning whether contemporary fiction can truly atone for historical injustices or whether it merely replays the moral anxieties of the Victorian past. In doing so, the essay suggests that our continued fascination with Woolf reflects both a desire to inherit modernism’s revolutionary aesthetics and a compulsion to judge its ethical shortcomings.

This article provides a comprehensive comparative analysis of the novels ’Hamnet’ (2020) and ’The Marriage Portrait’ (2022) by the Anglo-Irish writer Maggie O’Farrell. It is argued that these works constitute a coherent artistic project of feminist historical revision that transcends the genre of biofiction. The study substantiates the applicability of Linda Hutcheon’s concept of historiographic metafiction, which allows the novels to be examined not only as reconstructions of female lives but also as a critique of the patriarchal mechanisms of historiography. The aim of the research is to identify the recurring themes and shared narrative strategies the author employs to deconstruct patriarchal concepts and assert female agency. The methodological framework combines feminist criticism with historical-literary and comparative analysis. The analysis focuses on key narrative and stylistic techniques that affirm the value of female experience. Specifically, it examines the strategy of decentering the male figure (William Shakespeare) and the use of corporeality in the female protagonists' perception of the world to validate alternative, non-patriarchal forms of knowledge. Based on a detailed comparison of the characters of Agnes Hathaway and Lucrezia de’ Medici, the study identifies and characterizes universal patterns of patriarchal control (objectification, violence, the reduction of women to a function) and forms of female resistance (connection with nature, bodily agency, intuitive knowledge, creativity). Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the novels’ endings as crucial elements of the feminist project. The evolution of the author’s strategies is traced: from the transformation of trauma into art and healing through the reinterpretation of the canon in ’Hamnet’ to the radical rewriting of a woman’s tragic historical destiny in ’The Marriage Portrait’.

ABSTRACT Laila Lalami’s novel The Moor’s Account reclaims the erased historical voice of the Moorish slave Estebanico, one of the first Arab Africans on the American continent in the 1500s. While Lalami explicitly positions her novel as a postcolonial revision of Cabeza de Vaca’s colonial report on the fate of Estebanico, this essay argues that a significant part of the novel’s literary resistance to Arab American racial vulnerability unfolds on the formal level. Lalami uses a series of unstated adaptations of foundational literary genres that have historically contributed to US nation building and race-making: Barbary captivity narratives, orientalist editions of The Arabian Nights, and African American slave narratives. Based on a mapping of the web of references underlying The Moor’s Account, I analyse how these multiple adaptations of foundational-national US narratives engage with and thus expose the past production of hegemonic racializing terms at the same time. In my reading, Lalami applies here a form of ‘adaptive agency’ that while ambivalent and not without complicities, repositions racial vulnerabilities embedded in dominant narratives as a source for historical revision and world making. The results suggest that the racial politics of literary adaptations can also become a modality of narrative resistance in vulnerability for multi-ethnic authors caught in between self-essentializing stereotypes and historical reproductions of silences around racialization in the Americas.

This Economic Commentary examines the recent behavior and the longer-term properties of market-based and non-market-based inflation series, including their cyclical properties, historical revisions, and predictive power in explaining future PCE inflation. The examination reveals a statistically significant association between market-based PCE inflation and estimates of labor market slack, and a strong positive association between movements in the stock market and in some of the financial services components of non-market-based PCE inflation. Disinflation in overall PCE inflation over the course of 2023 and 2024 was largely driven by disinflation in the market-based components, coinciding with a gradual loosening in labor market conditions.

The meeting of representatives of “Fronti Nacionalçlirimtar” (National Liberation Front) and “Balli Kombëtar” (National Front) in Mukja on 1-2 August 1943 was one of the most significant political events in Albania during the Second World War. The effort to form a united front in the war against Nazi-fascism did not succeed, as the Communist Party rejected the agreement. As a result of extreme politicization and the historical revision of the Anti-Fascist National Liberation War in its entirety, the causes of failure continue to divide both public and scientific opinion. The only way to evaluate the Agreement of Mukja without bias is to conduct a critical historical analysis of both the political and military positions of the Balli Kombëtar organization, as well as those of the Fronti Nacionalçlirimtar (Albanian Communist Party). The influence of the Yugoslav emissaries on the Central Committee of the Albanian Communist Party alone does not sufficiently explain the ending of this agreement. This article will provide a comprehensive account of this significant event for Albanians during the Second World War. Its significance stems from the fact that Mukja exemplifies Albanians’ inability to unite in a single front in the war against the Nazi-fascist invaders, and even pitted them against each other.

Abstract Background The section Tuberculata (Camellia L.), as a monophyletic group characterized by tuberculate fruits, exhibits persistent taxonomic ambiguities among its constituent species, exemplified by the unresolved delimitation of Camellia lipingensis, Camellia zengii, and Camellia rhytidocarpa. These three species are highly similar in terms of morphology, genetics, or ecology as a plant complex. Historical revisions have been hindered by the absence of key morphological characteristics in type specimens and the instability of morphological identification criteria, leading to unclear classification of species. This study, based on type locality specimens, morphology, and systematic molecular biology, systematically integrates macroscopic morphology, microscopic structure, and molecular systematics data for the first time, aiming to clarify the taxonomic relationships among the three species. Results Multidimensional evidence based on morphology, anatomy, palynology, and molecular systematics supports the merger of C. lipingensis and C. zengii into the synonym C. rhytidocarpa. Morphological analysis reveals continuous variation in key traits: leaves lanceolate (6.42–12.50 × 1.17–4.45 cm); floral parts with 6–9 rounded sepals, 3–5 hairy styles, and 2.2–4.1 cm long filaments; fruit subglobose (diameter 2.24–3.18 cm), ovary 3-4-loculed (1 seed per locule). Anatomical and pollen characteristics are conservative: leaf epidermal stomata are elliptical (39.9–41.2 × 31.4–36.7 µm), with a density of 62–86 per mm²; pollen is nearly spherical (polar axis 36.7–37.8 µm/equatorial axis 40.3–41.3 µm, P/E ratio 0.87–0.91). Molecular systematics confirmed that the three form a strongly supported monophyletic clade (ML/PP = 100/1.00), with consistent chloroplast genome structures (157,029, 157,029, 157,048 bp; GC 37.3%; containing 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes). Conclusions This integrative study consolidates C. lipingensis and C. zengii as conspecific synonyms of C. rhytidocarpa based on congruent morphological, anatomical, palynological, and molecular phylogenetic evidence. The taxonomic revision resolves persistent delimitation conflicts within sect. Tuberculata while establishing an empirical framework for: Phylogenetic reconstruction of Camellia lineages with overlapping morphological variation, Conservation prioritization of evolutionarily significant units in East Asian biodiversity hotspots, and Development of standardized species delimitation protocols for taxonomically complex plant groups.

The article explores the phenomenon of memorial wars — conflicts around interpretations of historical events, commemorative practices, and symbolic content of public space. The main problem is to analyze the role of media memory in the context of digitalization, where historical narratives become a tool for shaping collective identity, legitimizing political projects and geopolitical confrontation. The author uses an interdisciplinary methodology combining qualitative approaches, as well as digital tools to study the visual and discursive aspects of memory.The author identifies the mechanisms of memorial wars as a struggle for dominant interpretations of the past, reinforced by digital technologies and historical fakes. The analysis of cases (decommunization in Ukraine, the Black Lives Matter movement, the European Parliament resolution 2019) demonstrating the politicization of memory and its connection with ideological and geopolitical interests is carried out. The article also examines the role of social media as an arena of narrative competition, where emotional engagement and algorithmic selection exacerbate polarization.The author concludes that media memory, despite the potential to democratize access to information, enhances the mythologization of history, turning it into a field of ideological battles. The digital environment contributes to the hybridization of memory, where official, alternative and marginal versions of the past coexist in conditions of increasing historical revision and conflict of interpretations.

Purpura fulminans (PF) is a life-threatening condition characterized by rapidly progressive skin necrosis, often resulting from severe infections or coagulopathy. Since 1995, the management of PF has evolved significantly, driven by advances in medical research, improved diagnostic techniques, and a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology. This historical reflection examines the key developments in PF management over the past three decades, highlighting the shift from conventional therapeutic approaches to more targeted interventions. Early strategies primarily focused on aggressive supportive care and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. However, recent innovations have introduced specific therapies, including the use of anticoagulants and immunomodulatory agents, which address the coagulopathic component of the disease more effectively. Additionally, the role of multidisciplinary teams in managing PF has gained prominence, emphasizing the importance of collaborative care in improving patient outcomes. This review underscores the necessity for ongoing research and the integration of emerging technologies in the management of PF, aiming to enhance clinical practices and reduce morbidity and mortality associated with this severe condition. The evolution of PF management serves as a compelling case study in the broader context of critical care medicine, highlighting the importance of adapting treatment protocols to reflect new scientific insights and clinical experiences.

Abstract How has the European Union been integrated in the past? Legal academics have traditionally pointed to the Court of Justice and to the broader idea of an ‘integration-through-law’. Through its supranational jurisprudence, the Court – not the EU legislature – was thus placed at the centre of the European integration project. The underlying reasons for this dominance of constitutional ‘law’ over legislative ‘politics’ have thereby been the subject of three famous explanations: the ‘equilibrium theory’ (Weiler), the ‘asymmetry theory’ (Scharpf) and the ‘over-constitutionalisation theory’ (Grimm). What are the merits of these grand theories of European integration when measured against the historical record? This article hopes to explore this question in the context of the internal market. Its historical revision begins with an analysis of the respective spheres of normative and decisional supranationalism during and after a foundational period (Sections 2 and 3). This is followed by an examination of the meaning and significance of the Cassis de Dijon judgment in the late 1970s. Through this revolutionary case, a dialectical relationship between the EU Court (‘law’) and the EU legislator (‘politics’) emerges (Section 4) that ultimately leads to the spectacular rise of EU legislation (Section 5) after the SEA. This transformational relationship will provide the critical lens for a historical revaluation of the three grand theories of legal integration (Section 6).

Rwanda’s foreign policy is still greatly influenced by the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi, commonly referred to as the Rwanda Genocide. Despite the genocidal massacres ending over thirty years ago, the Rwandan government still perceives its continued threat. Despite tangible threats to the state, such as the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) decline, the concern of the genocide’s lasting ideology and denial still concerns Rwandan policymakers responsible for the nation’s foreign policy and remembrance. This research relies on in-depth fieldwork with various Rwandan government agencies responsible for crafting state security, foreign policy, and anti-genocide policies. It examines why genocide denial is perceived as a significant threat to the nation’s post-genocide development. Rwandan elites attempt to combat historical revisions of the genocide through its diplomatic officials and events. Additionally, Rwanda utilises various tactics, such as censorship and capturing genocide deniers, to combat denial.

Promoting Community Quality of Life. Parameters of Urban Planning of Mobility, Greenery and the Water Cycle in Western Cities: A Historical Revision

Given the relevance of the ghost in fantastic and speculative fiction, this paper seeks to interrogate the mobilization of the spectral as a main tool for enacting a process of historical revision and for the configuration of an alternative historical memory. Such inquiry will be developed through the analysis of two contemporary neo-slave narratives, Grace (2016) by Natashia Deón and Let Us Descend (2023) by Jesmyn Ward, that illustrate the current shift toward anti-realist representations of historical processes. Adopting the theoretical framework of spectrality studies, this examination will discuss the intersections of the spectral with aspects of gender, maternity and temporality. The multi-layered dimensions of ghosts and the bidirectionality of haunting deployed in these novels redefine the spectral as a subversive space of resistance and a chief literary mechanism to articulate a major socio-political reflection on the condition of Blackness in the United States at present.

Since the so-called spectral turn of the 1990s, the ghost has been placed at the forefront of critical debates as a conceptual metaphor through which to destabilize the hegemonic discourses and values of modernity. Adopting the theoretical framework of spectrality studies, this paper seeks to interrogate the functions fulfilled by the ghost in “Tell Me, Tell Me” (1992) and “Resurrection Hardware or, Lard and Promises” (2018) by Randall Kenan. The comparative analysis of both narratives will render spectrality as a multi-layered metaphor of great socio-political import that allows for the articulation of transhistorical Black oppression in America and effects a historical revision aimed at the re-inscription of marginalized and silenced voices.

Trends and cycles during the COVID-19 pandemic period

Ever since Friedrich Meinecke proposed the distinction between the terms “cultural nation” (Kulturnation) as expressed in fine art and “Statsnation” (political nation), the cultural sphere of nationalism or nationalist idealogy/culture has been quoted either out of context or misquoted/misinterpreted to demean other cultures and reinforced ostensibly to carve out a false or “imagined” national identity in the Indian context and more so in the Indian popular culture. Does it reflect the culture of the majority populace in India? Why does it hegemonize other cultures? With the mainstream narratives and myths that underlie the Indian media, popular culture galvanizes around terms like nationalism, national identity and others. The main aim of this article is to unravel and deconstruct the notion of national culture and all the accompanying terms associated with it. It becomes significant in the present socio-cultural-politico-Indian context with its approach towards feudalism and postcolonial imperatives. The main question is how these terms are appropriated and subverted to form a new meaning, perhaps a historical revision. Randomly, nine Indian films were chosen for observation. The analysis reveals that a microscopic minority invokes the metanarrative of hypernationalism and cultural homogenization to placate the democratic forces and achieve their hidden agenda. Since it is value-based, its recommendations too primarily belong to the moral turpitude of those who are in power.

The present research work deals in general with the subject of sugar elaboration and the buildings which lodged the related activities; and in particular the site of the ex-hacienda of San Pedro Martir Cuahuixtla in the Mexican State of Morelos. The initial part is dedicated to an historical revision of the sugar in the New World from the introduction of the sugar cane and the technique for its processing ; also the remarkable built material testimonies are revised. There is analyzed in particular the conditions that allowed the flourishing of productive establishments called Sugar haciendas within the New Spain and in the region that currently occupies the State of Morelos. It is made a description of the vestiges of the ex-hacienda Cuahuixtla, a revision of its chronology and a functional hypothesis as well. The criteria for their valorisation as monument of Industrial Heritage and its possible rehabilitation are set out.

ABSTRACT: This article examines three contemporary poetry collections by Black women that center as their shared, vital topic the enslaved subjects of J. Marion Sims’s unethical nineteenth-century gynecological experiments: Dominique Christina’s Anarcha Speaks: A History in Poems (2018), Kwoya Fagin Maples’s Mend (2018), and Bettina Judd’s patient.: poems (2014). All three texts inhabit these historical figures through persona and deploy extremely formal experimental syntax and grammar. Drawing on Black feminist thinking about critical fabulation, historical revision, and poetics, this article argues that these works are effective, moral counter-monuments to these women not just in content but in formal architecture—because these poets use formal innovation to critique the biased, hegemonic institutions of medicine and history-writing and to urge readers to fight for reparative and reproductive justice.

This article examines the way Timeless (2016–18), a series focused on time travel, interacts with history and historical revision as either prescient of or commenting on the current era, particularly in the way it questions, through the stories it tells, accepted history and the consequences of excluded stories, particularly those of women and people of colour. Further, pitting the series’ protagonists against the machinations of a powerful corporate cabal that extends back to the US colonial era, with the goal of controlling citizens through the erasure and revision of history, offers real-world analogues to the control of information that persists to the present day.