Historical Perspective Research Articles

Geomedia Futures: Imagining tomorrow’s mediatized places and place-based technologies

<p>This special issue explores the critical and transformative potential of geomedia within contemporary society. Geomedia, representing an epochal shift in spatial mediations and spatialized media, significantly influences daily life through processes of geomediatization. We advocate for a comprehensive understanding of geomedia that transcends technological determinism, incorporating historical, contextual, and relational perspectives. Engaging with concepts from critical future studies and sociotechnical imaginaries allows for challenging the dominant narratives of geomediatization realism and for promoting the exploration of diverse, equitable, and sustainable futures. Through various methodological approaches, including critical discourse analysis, participatory action research, and Actor-Network Theory, the articles in this special issue examine the role of geomedia in urban planning, tourism, surveillance governance, and socio-political imaginaries. The special issue emphasizes the importance of envisioning alternative futures that resist technological rationalization and commodification, advocating for more inclusive and human-centered mediatized places. This work contributes to the ongoing discourse on geomedia studies, highlighting the need for critical and interdisciplinary approaches to understand and shape the future of mediatized spaces and place-based technologies.</p>

A Comprehensive Review on the Importance of Sustainable Synthesized Coinage Metal Nanomaterials and Their Diverse Biomedical Applications.

From a historical perspective, coinage metals (CMNMs) are most renowned for their monetary, ornamental, and metallurgical merits; nevertheless, as nanotechnology's potential has only just come to light, their metal nanostructures and uses may be viewed as products of modern science. Notable characteristics of CMNMs include visual, electrical, chemical, and catalytic qualities that depend on shape and size. Due diligence on the creation and synthesis of CMNMs and their possible uses has been greatly promoted by these characteristics. This review focuses on solution-based methods and provides an overview of the latest developments in CMNMs and their bimetallic nanostructures. It discusses a range of synthetic techniques, including conventional procedures and more modern approaches used to enhance functionality by successfully manipulating the CMNMs nanostructure's size, shape, and composition. To help with the design of new nanostructures with improved capabilities in the future, this study offers a brief assessment of the difficulties and potential future directions of these intriguing metal nanostructures. This review focuses on mechanisms and factors influencing the synthesis process, green synthesis, and sustainable synthesis methods. It also discusses the wide range of biological domains in which CMNMs are applied, including antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer. Researchers will therefore find the appropriateness of both synthesizing and using CMNMS keeping in mind the different levels of environmental effects.

Analisis Perbandingan Konsep Pendidikan Islam dan Barat

This paper presents a comparative analysis of Islamic and Western concepts, focusing on their philosophical, cultural, and social dimensions. The study examines the underlying principles and values that shape each conceptual framework, highlighting similarities, differences, and areas of convergence. Through a comprehensive review of literature and historical perspectives, the paper explores key themes such as ethics, governance, justice, and human rights within both Islamic and Western traditions. Additionally, the analysis delves into the influence of historical events, religious beliefs, and cultural norms on the development and interpretation of these concepts in each tradition. By critically examining the similarities and differences between Islamic and Western concepts, this study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the diverse philosophical and cultural perspectives that shape global discourse and facilitate dialogue between different civilizations.

Harnessing IL-2 for immunotherapy against cancer and chronic infection: a historical perspective and emerging trends.

IL-2 therapy, which enhances the function of CD8 + T cells, was initially employed as the cornerstone of immunotherapy against cancer. However, the impact of this therapy extends beyond CD8 + T cells to cells expressing IL-2R, such as endothelial cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs), resulting in various side effects. Consequently, IL-2 therapy has taken a step back from the forefront of treatment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies and CTLA-4 antibodies, are used because of their durable therapeutic responses and the reduced incidence of side effects. Nevertheless, only a small fraction of cancer patients respond to ICIs, and research on IL-2 as a combination treatment to improve the efficacy of these ICIs is ongoing. To mitigate side effects, efforts have focused on developing IL-2 variants that do not strongly bind to cells expressing IL-2Rα and favor signaling through IL-2Rβγ. However, recent studies have suggested that, in the context of persistent antigen stimulation models, effective stimulation of antigen-specific exhausted CD8 + T cells in combination with PD-1 inhibitors requires either 1) binding to IL-2Rα or 2) delivery via a fusion with PD-1. This review explores the historical context of IL-2 as an immunotherapeutic agent and discusses future directions for its use in cancer immunotherapy.

Overt Scientific Bias and Clandestine Acts by Trusted Scientists: The Flawed Application of the Linear No-threshold Model.

The Health Physics Society (HPS) released a video documentary on the history of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model in April 2022. It exposed many scientific and ethical failings of many leaders, influential scientists, and organizations that have resulted in the current system of radiological protection. Since then, the society received many comments; most were supportive, while a few criticized the video documentary as delivering an anti-LNT message. Shortly thereafter, many emails discovered via an independent Freedom of Information Act request revealed multiple layers of coordination between prominent people in the field of radiation protection to coopt the leadership within the HPS and suppress information they perceived or assumed to be contrary to a pro-LNT message. Many of these emails were published by JunkScience.com, an independent organization that exposes faulty scientific data and analyses used to advance special interests and hidden agendas. This Forum article is intended to document in the peer-reviewed literature the JunkScience.com findings of clandestine acts by trusted scientists within the radiation protection community. The emails exposed strong personal biases, actions taken by leaders within the National Commission on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) to "save the Society" from its "downward spiral," and actions taken by NCRP and HPS members serving on a National Academies of Sciences committee to suppress scientific information relevant to the debate about health effects in low-dose environments. These anti-science actions harm our entire profession and the trust that Congress bestows on our scientific organizations expecting to receive objective recommendations based on sound science. It is important that these events are recorded in the scientific literature from a historical perspective. The radiation protection community will be judged not by what is revealed in this article but by what actions are taken from here.

52406 More Than Just a Rash: The Multifaceted Nature of Chronic Itch Through the Historical Perspective of Napoleon Bonaparte

52406 More Than Just a Rash: The Multifaceted Nature of Chronic Itch Through the Historical Perspective of Napoleon Bonaparte

Capacity to Consent to Sex: A Historical Perspective

Capacity to Consent to Sex: A Historical Perspective

An Overview of the Reformation brought by Christianity: A Historical and Bibliometric Perspective

Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive historical and bibliometric analysis of the Reformation in Christianity, emphasizing its profound influence on religious, social, and political landscapes. The Reformation, initiated by key figures such as Martin Luther, marked a pivotal shift from the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church, leading to the establishment of various Protestant denominations and significant reforms within the Catholic Church. This study integrates historical narratives with bibliometric methodologies to identify prevailing trends, influential works, and key contributors in Reformation studies. Analysing scholarly publications from 1964 to 2024, the paper highlights the evolution of research focus, emerging areas of interest, and the broader implications of Reformation principles on contemporary issues, including human rights, environmental activism, and socio-political reforms. The findings underscore the enduring legacy of the Reformation and its relevance to modern-day religious and socio-political contexts.

What would happen in the United States if there were no cow milk-based preterm infant nutritional products: Historical perspective and evaluation of nutrient-related challenges.

Recent litigation has led to a situation where preterm cow milk-based infant nutritional products (PCMBPs) may soon have limited or no availability in the United States. Given their limited availability, similar products based only on human milk are unlikely to meet the needs of most preterm infants requiring such products, especially those born greater than 1500 grams or very preterm infants born at less than 1500 g after they reach 34 to 35 weeks postmenstrual age. Alternative nutritional strategies, used prior to the introduction of specialized preterm products, would require modular nutrient additions to formula designed for full-term infants and donor or maternal milk. Addition of modular products would require careful calibration to provide needed macro and micronutrients which would expose infants to risks of contamination, poor growth, and limited bioavailability of some of these modulars. Substantial risks of metabolic derangements, and ultimately, poor outcomes would occur. In the long-term greater availability and support for the use of human milk-based products is needed. However, policy makers cannot assume that PCMBPs will not be critically needed and should identify strategies for their continued marketplace availability.

Malus sieversii: a historical, genetic, and conservational perspective of the primary progenitor species of domesticated apples

<i>Malus sieversii</i>: a historical, genetic, and conservational perspective of the primary progenitor species of domesticated apples

HISTÓRIA DA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL NO BRASIL

This article is the result of a doctoral thesis in Education defended in the Postgraduate Program in Education at the São Paulo State University (UNESP). The objective of this work is to present the advancements, setbacks, and legislation regarding the training of teachers in Brazilian Professional Education from a historical perspective. It is qualitative research, focused on literature review, with emphasis on the most relevant federal normative documents from the period of 2012 to 2022 that dealt with this subject. The results point to: 1. The Brazilian government has been allowing, and more recently favoring, the previous professional experience of teachers in companies, especially in industries, as a requirement for working in professional education, specially at the technical level; 2. The Brazilian government has been offering various formative strategies to teachers who already work in this field but do not have a teaching degree, and we are currently unaware of their implications for the teaching-learning process; and 3. The government in this case has been assuming a position regarding the training of teachers for this specific field that demonstrates more continuities and similarities with the past experienced throughout the 20th century than ruptures and real changes.

Touches across time: queer as provenance

AbstractCarolyn Dinshaw describes her queer historical practice as being about looking for “an affective connection, for community, for even a touch across time” (1999, p 21). Queer engagements with records—these touches across time—are not easily or adequately accounted for in current conceptualisations of provenance. The dissonance between how we currently understand record co-creation, and the historical perspectives and recordkeeping needs of queer users, substantially and negatively impacts the visibility and accessibility of queer histories in institutional archival settings. In this paper, I articulate the proposed concept of queer as provenance. I argue that we must extend our current conceptualisation of multiple provenance beyond mere co-creatorship. With a focus on queer records and record users, I argue that we must expand our understanding to encapsulate not only the relationship between record, creator, and subject, but also the relationship between record, creator, subject, and user. Through a continuum lens, I consider how queer/ing engagements and interactions with, and responses to, queer records could and should inform our descriptive practices, and explore the potential of considering queer users as co-creators within such a dynamic. I conclude by articulating queer as provenance and consider its potential as a foundation on which transformative, reparative, and liberatory archival practices might be built.

Editorial: Understanding radiation events through health and policy: applying historical, cultural, and social perspectives to science and advocacy

Editorial: Understanding radiation events through health and policy: applying historical, cultural, and social perspectives to science and advocacy

Putting the ‘critical’ in heritage studies from non-Anglophone regions: China and beyond

ABSTRACT Mapping the future trajectory of critical heritage studies, this paper provides a non-Anglophone perspective on the concept of ‘critical’ within the contemporary framework of critical heritage studies in China. It emphasises that scholarship from non-Anglophone regions should not be marginalised as a mere footnote, stereotypically portrayed as ‘the other’ in relation to Western discourse. Instead, these perspectives actively contribute to the field, engaging with global challenges. The notion of being ‘critical’ in this context is not a simple translation or appropriation of Western concepts, nor a straightforward critique of prevailing political and value systems. Rather, it represents an approach that integrates historical, transcultural, and political perspectives deeply rooted in local society and culture. These insights empower scholarship from non-Anglophone regions to enrich critical heritage studies with diverse intellectual resources, avoiding new forms of Western imperialism. In doing so, they fulfill critical heritage studies’ foundational promise of reshaping power dynamics in the realm of heritage studies.

Scientific plurality and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): A philosophical and historical perspective on Charcot’s texts

ABSTRACT The history of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)—also known as Charcot’s disease, Lou Gehrig’s disease, and motor neuron disease (MND)—freezes the texts of the scientist and physician Jean-Martin Charcot in a hagiographic narrative describing a brilliant discovery, based on the anatomo-clinical method. This narrative is often used by biologists and physicians as a reference point. This article shows that the use of the hagiographic register faces limitations. In particular, it obscures points of interest from Charcot’s texts on ALS, such as the epistemological and ontological implications of scientific plurality in medicine. Although Charcot recognized the importance of scientific plurality in medicine, he prioritized the approaches and conferred the most important epistemic authority on clinical and pathological observations. In his view, animal modeling remains secondary to the understanding of disease. The concept of ALS and its diagnostic operability are the result of symptoms and lesions. By studying the past, we can highlight the specific features of the present. Today, although the ALS concept retains its diagnostic and clinical relevance, it is increasingly called into question in etiological and mechanistic research. Despite these differences, Charcot’s reflections are a reminder of the importance of theoretical thinking on scientific plurality, all the more so today in the context of ALS research, in which combining different approaches is increasingly valued to understand the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of ALS.

Get Ready to Sharpen Your Tools: A Short Guide to Heterotrimeric G Protein Activity Biosensors.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest class of transmembrane receptors encoded in the human genome, and they initiate cellular responses triggered by a plethora of extracellular stimuli ranging from neurotransmitters and hormones to photons. Upon stimulation, GPCRs activate heterotrimeric G proteins (Gαβγ) in the cytoplasm, which then convey signals to their effectors to elicit cellular responses. Given the broad biological and biomedical relevance of GPCRs and G proteins in physiology and disease, there is great interest in developing and optimizing approaches to measure their signaling activity with high accuracy and across experimental systems pertinent to their functions in cellular communication. This review provides a historical perspective on approaches to measure GPCR-G protein signaling, from quantification of second messengers and other indirect readouts of activity to biosensors that directly detect the activity of G proteins. The latter is the focus of a more detailed overview of the evolution of design principles for various optical biosensors of G protein activity with different experimental capabilities. We will highlight advantages and limitations of biosensors that detect different G protein activation hallmarks, like dissociation of Gα and Gβγ or nucleotide exchange on Gα, as well as their suitability to detect signaling mediated by endogenous versus exogenous signaling components or in physiologically relevant systems like primary cells. Overall, this review intends to provide an assessment of the state-of-the-art for biosensors that directly measure G protein activity to allow readers to make informed decisions on the selection and implementation of currently available tools. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: G protein activity biosensors have become essential and widespread tools to assess GPCR signaling and pharmacology. Yet, investigators face the challenge of choosing from a growing list of G protein activity biosensors. This review provides an overview of the features and capabilities of different optical biosensor designs for the direct detection of G protein activity in cells, with the aim of facilitating the rational selection of systems that align with the specific scientific questions and needs of investigators.

INDONESIAN FINANCIAL LAW: HISTORY AND RECENT DEVELOPMENT

The economic system and political regimes in most cases affect major changes in the financial laws of the state. Indonesia, the big country that gained its independence in 1945, had a long journey of financial struggles and challenges, particularly in the political regimes that divided into the Old Regime, the New Regime, and the Reformation Era. The objectives of this paper try to examine how Indonesia's economic system affects the state's financial policies described in legislation. Other objectives are the development of financial law in Indonesia based on the period divisions with historical perspectives. With normative legal research, this study will analyze several sources of laws and regulations on financial policies throughout the historical periods of Indonesia. In conclusion, Pancasila, and Article 33 of the Indonesian Constitution 1945 become economic constitutions that form the basis of financial policies of Indonesia. Moreover, the politics of the ruling regime strongly influenced financial law policies in Indonesia. The characteristics of monetary law changed based on the transfer of legal politics during the Old Order, New Order, and Reformation era

Speaking Up and Being Heard: The Importance of Functional Communication and Discourse Principles in Aphasia Intervention.

This article acknowledges Audrey Holland's influence on aphasiology as it specifically relates to the emergence of a strengths-based perspective on the everyday communication of people with aphasia. We explore a historical perspective, as well as current ways in which everyday communicative events are approached in both clinical and research practice. The term "functional communication" is synonymous with Audrey's work, with linguistically-based discourse analysis and therapy both viewed as natural companions and extensions of the concept within aphasiology. Audrey's focus on the interactional side of communication and psychosocial impacts of aphasia, as well as her expertise in analysis and measurement, contributed to the coalescing of impairment-based and social communication approaches, encompassing a true sense of humanity and connectedness. Her application of these in international contexts was also noteworthy. In this article, we hope to capture principles of aphasia management that underpin current clinical practice, and also move beyond the traditional clinic context to consider aphasia groups that have had such a key role in promoting successful social communication by and with people with aphasia. We suggest future directions to further promote the principles advocated by Audrey Holland in assisting people with aphasia to move forward with confidence with their conversation partners, friends, and communities.

Interplay between childhood socioeconomic status and current job insecurity: A dual-contextual approach to decent work and well-being.

Grounded in the psychology of working theory, the link between economic constraints and decent work is well established. However, previous studies did not incorporate a developmental framework when examining this relationship. Drawing on a life history perspective, this study explored how childhood socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with well-being through decent work. We adopted a dual-contextual approach, examining the interaction between childhood SES and current job insecurity as a predictor of decent work and well-being. Using data collected from 417 workers in South Korea, we tested a moderated mediation model. The results revealed significant indirect relationships between childhood SES and job and life satisfaction through decent work, particularly among individuals with higher job insecurity. Notably, these findings remained significant even after controlling for participants' current SES. Overall, our findings suggest that in contexts where job insecurity is prevalent, an individual's childhood SES is distinctly associated with decent work and well-being, independent of their current SES. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Deep disagreement across moral revolutions

Moral revolutions are rightly coming to be recognised as a philosophically interesting and historically important mode of moral change. What is less often acknowledged is that the very characteristics that make a moral change revolutionary pose a fundamental challenge to the possibility of moral progress. This is because moral revolutions are characterised by a diachronic form of deep moral disagreement: moral agents on either side of a moral revolution adopt different standards for assessing the merits of a moral argument, and according to the standards they adopt, agents on neither side of the revolution ought to accept the arguments being put forward by those on the other. This threatens to undermine the progressive status of many of our most celebrated historical examples of moral revolutions: if a moral revolution only looks progressive in light of a change in evaluative standards it itself brought about, then moral progress seems relative to a particular historical perspective; if prior to a moral revolution taking place the moral arguments in its favour fall short of the relevant standards, moral revolutions can never be the outcome of rational argumentation. This apparent relativism and irrationality sits uncomfortably alongside our common-sense intuition that the moral revolutions upon which our contemporary moral worldview rests count as genuine moral progress. In this paper, I deepen currently popular Kuhnian-inspired accounts of moral revolution by incorporating Wittgensteinian ideas from Philosophical Investigations and On Certainty. The result is an original way of thinking about deep moral disagreements, moral revolutions, and moral progress.