Character formation through history learning can be achieved when students understand the meaning and values embedded in historical events. History education contributes to the development of nationalism, patriotism, civic responsibility, democratic attitudes, humanitarian awareness, and cultural insight rooted in noble historical values. However, these objectives require increased student interest in learning history, which can be fostered through innovative learning programs and the effective use of educational media. This study aims to analyze the optimization of museums as learning media through the Melali Sambilang Melajah program to enhance students’ interest in learning history. The research employed a qualitative approach using literature review, observation, and interviews as data collection methods. The literature review examined books, academic journals, seminar proceedings, and related studies on museums, history learning, instructional media, historical sites, and student learning interest. Observations and interviews were conducted at the Bali Museum and the Balinese People’s Struggle Monument to examine their relevance to high school history learning. The findings indicate: (1) the strong relevance of the collections at the Bali Museum and the Balinese People’s Struggle Monument to history learning materials in senior high school; and (2) the implementation of the Melali Sambilang Melajah program effectively optimizes museums as educational media while increasing students’ interest in learning. Historical artifacts and dioramas provide concrete visual representations of past events, enabling students to contextualize historical narratives and emotionally engage with historical experiences. Consequently, museums and monuments function not only as heritage preservation institutions but also as effective educational media that enhance students’ learning interest.

Her Story, a women's film written and directed by Shao Yihui, challenges traditional gender structures and patriarchal discourse by creating idealized female characters and instrumentalized male characters. This film represents the rise of women's cinema, reflecting the awakening of global gender equality consciousness and the transformation of social structures. The emergence of women's cinema is closely related to equal rights movements and gender equality policies. Meanwhile, advancements in digital technology have lowered the barrier to production, enabling female creators to express the female perspective more broadly through independent films and streaming media platforms. Women's cinema undertakes a significant deconstruction and reconstruction of gender symbols at the narrative and semiotic levels. In Her Story, the English title Herstory cleverly subverts the traditional male-dominated historical narrative by replacing "his" in "history" with "her," thereby incorporating women's voices into the historical framework. This transformation of linguistic symbols demonstrates a challenge to and reshaping of gendered discursive power. Furthermore, most male characters in the film are symbolized by functional titles, while female characters are endowed with richer symbolic meanings, breaking the monolithic nature of traditional gender identities and affording women more autonomous and diverse expressive space. The film also showcases the richness of symbolic imagery through the dislocated interpretation of everyday objects, a treatment that not only challenges the fixed meanings of traditional symbols but also enhances the complexity and depth of the female characters within the family and society. Although women's cinema has made cultural and social progress, it still faces issues of symbolization and consumerism. In the future, women's cinema needs to break through the singular gender framework to explore more diverse expressions of cultural symbols. From a semiotic perspective, women's cinema can promote the further development of gender equality and cultural diversity, becoming an important force for social change

From history museums to contemporary histories museums (Argentina, second half of the 20th century) Abstract This article analyses the incorporation of contemporary topics into museums of the second half of the 20th century, focusing on cultural practices linked to circulation, collection and availability of objects for museum collections. Our aim is to articulate analytical perspectives and approaches of different historiography fields and subfields so as to deepen the study of museums with historical narratives—a line of research which, unlike other disciplines and other countries of the region, has only recently begun to be explored with a certain degree of systematization in Argentina. The hypothesis guiding the research is that political and sociocultural transformations in the international scene between the post-war period and the dawn of the 21st century had an impact on social sciences, stressing shifts of sense from history to memory and experiential testimony, and modifying collecting practices and traditional museum institutions. This, in turn, altered the fin-de-siècle notion of “history museum,” which presented transcendent events on the origins of the nation and the provinces, and triggered the emergence of new institutions aimed at addressing other topics, including contemporary events. The interests put at stake by certain actors in different political arenas also promoted the development of museum collections on specific topical issues over others. This configuration of the museum landscape continues to influence the ways in which 20th century phenomena are managed, interpreted and represented in the 21st century.

Abstract Scholarship on multiplex orders has largely focused on the spatial dimensions of multiplexity. This article explores the notion of temporal multiplexity, arguing that global orders also operate through distinct and coexisting temporal regimes. Drawing on and expanding Amitav Acharya's multiplex framework, we theorize how different actors experience, interpret and structure time within international politics. We propose a reinterpretation of the contemporary world order through three overarching temporalities—global western, global eastern and global southern—each shaped by distinct regimes of historicity. Global western temporality is grounded in a progressive yet crisis-ridden modernity, emphasizing linear liberal progress but increasingly marked by anxieties of decline and end times. Global eastern temporality operates within an ancient framework, structured around cycles of imperial rise, decline and resurgence, where past traumas and aspirations for restoration shape geopolitical strategies. Global southern temporality, by contrast, is presentist and transformational, foregrounding decolonization and reparative justice while rejecting hierarchical temporalities that position the South as lagging behind. These divergent temporal imaginaries generate competing global visions, shaping international conflicts, governance structures and development discourses. Understanding how time functions in a multiplex order reveals the deeper sources of the tensions underpinning contemporary international relations, from geopolitical rivalries to contestations over global governance reform. Recognizing temporal multiplicity is essential for fostering a more inclusive international order that reconciles competing historical narratives and future aspirations, rather than imposing singular trajectories of progress or restoration.

The rapid expansion of the culinary tourism industry has generated intense competition and increasing product homogeneity, compelling food and beverage (F&B) businesses to formulate effective menu differentiation strategies in order to create distinctive value propositions. This study aims to describe the forms of menu differentiation strategies and analyze their role in enhancing tourist attraction in Bandung and Malang. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach with a phenomenological method, this research explores the essence of tourists’ lived experiences through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and triangulation using digital perception analysis derived from Google Reviews and social media platforms. The findings indicate that effective menu differentiation integrates three interrelated dimensions: physical aspects (uniqueness of taste and ingredients), interactional aspects (service quality and hospitality), and emotional aspects (historical and cultural narratives embedded in the menu). Google Reviews function as an objective performance mirror that validates service consistency, while social media operates as a platform for social identity construction and visual storytelling, particularly among Generation Z consumers. The study concludes that the success of differentiation strategies depends significantly on the ability of businesses to transform menu uniqueness into shareable digital content, thereby creating memorable gastronomic experiences and strengthening tourist loyalty.

ABSTRACT This work of creative nonfiction employs a hybrid creative-critical methodology that combines autobiographical narrative and interview-based research within the framework of memory studies. Drawing on Marianne Hirsch’s concept of postmemory, the article examines how knowledge of the Armenian Catastrophe is transmitted, refracted, and contested across generations in the Armenian diaspora in Australia. It situates The Edge of the World, Marcella Polain’s semi-autobiographical novel, within broader traditions of diasporic and postmemory writing, arguing for its significance as a literary meditation on historical rupture and inherited trauma. Interweaving Karali’s personal diasporic narrative with a close reading of Polain’s novel and her in-depth interview with Polain, the piece explores how fiction, testimony, and lived experience intersect in the production of historical knowledge. Its use of academic language as a framing device foregrounds the difficulty of having the Armenian Catastrophe recognised as an object of legitimate knowledge, while its hybrid form mirrors the bricolaged identities shaped by migration. By foregrounding individual-level accounts and reflective storytelling, the article aligns with micro-historical approaches that collapse boundaries between grand historical narratives and embodied experience. In doing so, it offers a novel intervention into discussions of memory, truth, and the intergenerational transmission of trauma within diasporic cultural production.

Neuroscience in pictures: Neuroscience of fear.

The role of Sufis in the preservation, interpretation, and dissemination of the Prophetic Seerah (life of the Prophet Muhammad) has remained a cornerstone of Islamic intellectual and spiritual heritage. This study highlights how the Sufi tradition integrated the principles of education (ta'lim) and purification (tazkiyah) established by the Prophet into their teachings and practices. For Sufis, the Seerah was not merely a historical narrative but a living model that guided personal reform, social harmony, and spiritual elevation. Their contributions were reflected in both literary works and practical training through khānqähs, where seekers were nurtured with an emphasis on moral discipline, sincerity, and divine love. Central to the Sufi approach was the Qur'anic framework describing the mission of the Prophet: recitation of the Divine message, teaching of the Book and wisdom, and purification of the soul. These principles became the foundation of Sufi pedagogy and spiritual training. Education was understood as more than intellectual pursuit, extending into the realms of ethical development and character building. Purification, on the other hand, was seen not only as individual self-refinement but also as a means of fostering a just and compassionate society. By linking the Prophetic model with practical spirituality, Sufis created an enduring system that preserved the universality of Islamic teachings. Their services ensured that the essence of the Prophetic Seerah continued to inspire generations in their pursuit of both outward knowledge and inward transformation. Thus, the legacy of Sufi scholarship and practice stands as a vital bridge between the historical life of the Prophet and the spiritual aspirations of the Muslim community across centuries.

This article examines the meanings of the number seven as it repeatedly appears in The Secret History of The Mongols(hereafter SHM) and explores how this numerical symbolism affected both historical narration and genealogical representation within the text. In Mongolian symbolic traditions, the number seven is commonly associated with negative connotations such as death and punishment, and this symbolic understanding is reflected in the narrative structure of the SHM. For example, this study argues that Yesügei’s pursuit of Yeke Čiledü “across seven hills” is not a literal description of distance but an implicit metaphor for Čiledü’s death. In this context, the narrative treatment can also be understood as an attempt by the author of the SHM to mitigate the moral gravity of Yesügei’s abduction of Hö’elün. Numerical symbolism likewise influences genealogical accounts. The “seven sons” of Menen Tudun and Qabul Qa’an are recorded inconsistently across different sources with regard to both number and names. In particular, the sons of Menen Tudun are listed with alliterative Qa- names, suggesting a formulaic or symbolic construction rather than a faithful record of historical individuals. The number seven here carries layered meanings. On the one hand, since menen denotes “many,” the expression “seven sons” may simply signify “numerous sons.” On the other hand, comparative evidence from Turkic inscriptions and shamanistic traditions indicates that the number seven frequently appears in contexts marking turning points or transitional moments. The generations of Menen Tudun and Qabul Qa’an likewise represent critical junctures in Mongolian history. Accordingly, this article proposes that fluctuations in genealogical numbers within the SHM may reflect the multivalent symbolism of the number seven, encompassing both abundance and historical transition. By employing numerical symbolism, the author of the SHM shaped narrative evaluations of moral transgression, character assessment, and major historical transformations.

To develop and evaluate an internally validated natural language processing (NLP) model to determine guideline adherence of antibiotic decisions in the emergency department (ED) for skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). This cross-sectional pilot study developed and applied a random forest (RF)/NLP model to classify clinical narratives of patients with skin infections as requiring either methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or non-MRSA antibiotic coverage. Conducted at a quaternary care children's hospital with an annual volume of 50,000 ED visits, our study included patients aged 1 to 18 years presenting for SSTIs to the ED from July 1, 2018, through June 30, 2023. Main outcomes included the NLP model's sensitivity, specificity, and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve compared to gold standard manual physician review of the medical records. A total of 1588 patients were part of the training data set, with an additional 423 patients utilized for validation. The RF model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99, 97.0% sensitivity, and 94.9% specificity. In the validation data set, the model achieved 96.6% sensitivity and 90.1% specificity. Performance remained strong despite absent/missing patient history in certain narratives. The NLP model demonstrated that automated analysis of clinical narratives for determining guideline adherence is feasible. Despite missing data in narratives, the model's high performance suggests potential for broader application. Given the rise in antibiotic-resistant infections and the role of judicious antibiotic use, developing automated systems through NLP can significantly contribute to health care delivery and patient safety. The methodology of this study provides a feasible, sustainable path for similar applications in the emergency setting.

This article investigates a unique iconographic anomaly in late medieval Dunhuang silk paintings: the conflation of the bodhisattvas Mañjuśrī and Samantabhadra. Focusing on two key artifacts from the 9th and 10th centuries and tracing their legacy to later folk prints, this study argues the phenomenon is not a scribal error but a creative Anomaly—a deliberate ritual synthesis. The analysis reveals this synthesis was driven by two forces: a phonetic re-semanticization in the local dialect and a theological logic born from the integration of Huayan School doctrines with Esoteric ritual practice. The paper demonstrates how Huayan metaphysics were operationalized through condensed Esoteric invocations, turning the inscription into a functional ritual shorthand. Crucially, this study demonstrates the genealogical survival of this Silk Road variant in Ming and Qing dynasty woodblock prints. It uncovers a parallel, non-canonical lineage of visual piety, sustained through workshop copybooks rather than elite textual discourse. This trajectory challenges the linear narrative of Buddhist art history, highlighting the generative power of localized adaptations existing outside the purview of the written canon.

Road traffic noise is considered the largest contributor to excessive noise exposure levels in Europe. Central to this type of noise is what is called “rolling noise.” This article emerges from an ethnographic encounter with a group of individuals in Greater Paris who are protesting road traffic noise, not as noise, but as vibrations. But is there a difference between noise and vibration? Why are vibrations not included within noise regulations? Is it a question of sensation? Is there a sense of vibration? If STS has shown how objects of knowledge, the senses, and bodies are assembled in social, political, and technological configurations, this article describes how vibrations and their sensory experiences slip out of them. Through a brief ethnographic encounter and a historical narrative, this article is about two or three confusions: between noise and vibration, the senses, and confusion as a form of knowledge itself. It is interested in how the sensory knowledge of vibration blurs sensory categories and challenges the bodily model that environmental regulations rely on. While vibrations have opened up reflections on other ways of sensing, they also provide an opportunity to think with, and not against, confusion as a form of knowing in uncertainty.

The Dune saga by Frank Herbert is a science fiction genre that puts feminine power as the core of the myth-making epic. Throughout Dune (1965), Dune Messiah (1969), and Children of Dune (1976), women are a lot more than just empowering their male characters. They build dynasties, direct human evolution, and the religious and ideological frameworks that keep the Imperium united. The paper observes the overlapping roles of the most powerful female characters in both political and psychological terms. This narrative counters the masculinity of imperial power. By applying feminist theory, psychoanalysis, and posthumanist feminism, this paper shows how Herbert has portrayed the gender relations in a nuanced way. It reveals the varied spectrum of power in terms of memory, motherhood, and embodied power. The Bene Gesserit comes out as a posthuman survivalist tool that constructs possible futures by embedding historical narratives into the female body. The paper concludes that the female characters of the DUNE saga are critical instruments of continuity, resistance, and change.

Turkey’s political, financial, and cultural investments in Southeastern Europe are often analyzed through “soft power” frameworks that read its neo-Ottomanist ambitions unidirectional and cast Balkan Muslims as passive recipients. Based on ethnographic fieldwork (2018–2022) with diverse Muslims in North Macedonia and Kosovo, this article challenges such accounts by showing how local actors actively engage with, reinterpret, and redirect Turkey’s imperial revival projects. Using takhayyul —a Non-Eurocentric formulation of imagination—as the theoretical framework, the analysis embraces the messiness of imaginative encounters across intersecting historical narratives and political aspirations. It traces how Balkan Muslim communities deploy sophisticated strategies of selective appropriation, maintain historical agency while navigating Turkey's diverse investments. Juxtaposing resurrection themes in Turkish Islamic revivalism with local pride narratives of Islamic primacy and resistance, the article demonstrates how imagination functions as political currency across post-Ottoman spaces, revealing the inadequacy of linear or hierarchical models of influence for understanding contemporary Islamist formations.

Sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) remain disproportionately affected by HIV and bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Despite the efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention and the emerging promise of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP) for STI prevention, awareness, uptake and persistence remain limited. In this qualitative, we study explored client perspectives on barriers and facilitators influencing the use of same-day PrEP and doxy-PEP to inform strategies for broader implementation in primary care. Informed by the stages of the PrEP Care Continuum and the levels of the SGM Health Disparities Framework, we sought to better understand the barriers and facilitators at each stage of the clinical continuum (i.e., awareness, uptake, and persistence) and at various levels of influence (i.e., individual, interpersonal, community and societal). Four virtual focus groups with 26 SGM clients with experience using PrEP and/or doxy-PEP were conducted. Data were analyzed using deductive thematic analysis guided by the PrEP Care Continuum and the SGM Framework. Consistent barriers to uptake and persistence exist, including healthcare access, cost, stigma, and discriminatory clinical encounters. Participants highlighted the burden of the current medical model, which involves multiple procedural steps and frequent healthcare visits. Facilitators included community support, targeted social media messaging, and affirming providers. Notably, participants drew motivation from historical and communal narratives, including the legacy of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, and emphasized the need for visible public and political support for biomedical prevention. The results underscore the importance of integrating client-informed approaches to improve biomedical prevention delivery. To advance HIV and STI prevention among SGMs, there is a critical need for culturally tailored education to support increasing awareness and flexible clinical models to support the uptake and persistence in care. PrEP and doxy-PEP are vital, synergistic tools that require coordinated strategies in primary care, to expand access and address persistent health disparities and end the HIV and STI epidemics.

The issue of women involvement in micro-entrepreneurship has been extensively advocated as an empowerment avenue to economic gains but little has been done to highlight the emotional aspects of this entrepreneurship participation. This paper investigates the emotional health of women micro-entrepreneurs in an integrated socio-psychological and structural perspective, which preempts the emotional load carried by the informal and quasi-formal entrepreneurial settings which stay unseen. The study relies on qualitative, exploratory research design basing on semi-structured interviews, narrative life histories, and reflective journaling/emotion-mapping techniques in order to document lived emotional experiences. The discussion indicates that income instability and gender expectations are the major factors that push women micro entrepreneurs to continually face chronic stress, anxiety, role conflict, and emotional spillover into family life. Although the theme of resilience is present, the results show that it is more a survival strategy instead of an empowered policy, whichbis maintained with the help of consistent emotional self-management and avoidance coping behaviours (Stephan et al., 2020). The decisive factor in creating and naturalizing emotional distress is structural, including institutional neglect, informality, and precarity that is created due to the policy, thus refuting individualistic interpretations of entrepreneurialbsuccess (Kabeer, 2020). The study contributes to the theoretical knowledge about entrepreneurship as an emotionally embodied and structurally located process by incorporating the emotional state into the analysis of feminist entrepreneurship (Brush et al., 2022). The results highlight the necessity of gender-sensitive entrepreneurship policies that should include psychosocial support, mental health, and care-focused policy models. The acknowledgement of women micro-entrepreneurs as not only economic actors but also emotional ones is the key to practical and ethical entrepreneurship systems. Keywords Women micro-entrepreneurs; Emotional well-being; Feminist entrepreneurship; Resilience; Informal economy; Socio-psychological analysis; Structural inequality; Gender-responsive policy

Aim. Analysis of current trends in the study and teaching of World War II history and the Great Patriotic War within the context of information and political confrontation and formation of collective memory on the occasion of the 80-year anniversary of Victory. Methodology. Methods of discourse analysis, comparative analysis of educational practices, historical and genetic analysis of transformations of historical narratives in textbooks in Russia, Europe, and Ukraine. Results. The main mechanisms of falsification and politicization of the history of the war are revealed: the substitution of concepts, the introduction of an Anglo-Saxon teaching model that ignores the role of the USSR, and the purposeful formation of an anti-Russian historical identity in Ukraine. The evolution of Russian textbooks from the critical revision of the 1990s to the patriotic paradigm based on the concept of «Russia-state-civilization» is shown. Research implication. The results of the research can be used to develop a methodology to counteract the falsification of history, improve curricula and textbooks, as well as strengthen historical memory and national identity in the educational system and information policy.

ABSTRACT Forest ecosystems in many low-income tropical countries experience high rates of degradation. Often, remote sensing and forest surveys are used to assess the degradation, neglecting local knowledge in the evaluation and management responses. In this study, we integrate scientific and local knowledge to co-create customized indicators for qualitatively plumb forests and identify suitable management strategies. We used the Drivers-Pressures-Stressors-Condition-Responses framework to guide this collaborative process. Working with 100 farmers in 10 communities, we used in-depth interviews, historical narratives, photography, and geospatial methods to conduct extensive “forest walks” to measure forest quality. Participants described their perception of forest quality based on seven co-created indicators and the impacts of human-environment interactions. We found that co-created indicators of forest quality generally align with indicators used in ecological science, highlighting synergies for collaborative assessment. Perception of forest quality is based mostly on intrinsic value placed on ecosystem services and the degree of human impacts on forest condition. Local knowledge integration and co-creation in forest quality assessment uncovered nuances of the drivers of forest deforestation, which aids in the development of customized co-management strategies for regeneration and conservation. Overall, the study underscores the importance of bottom-up collaboration in bridging the science-policy-practice gap to address forest degradation.

The historical work of Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose challenged human thought on plant life expression. Dr Bose demonstrated a systemic-complex perspective that exhibits rapid, systemic electrical and mechanical responses to stimuli. We hypothesize that Ultra-Weak Photon Emission validates and extends Bose's original vision of highly integrated plant life. This work aims to assess the mechanistic philosophy of reactive machines. Our review of Ultra-Weak Photon Emission (UPE) examines mechanistic perspectives across history and systemic-complex plant biology. We conducted a literature review (2000–2024) to identify experimental studies on Ultra-Weak Photon Emission in plants. A synthesis of contemporary biophysical research and historical narratives explores how biophotons intersect with philosophy and biocommunication. Ultra-weak photon emission in plants connects contemporary biophysics with the philosophical systemic-complex perspective. UPE spatial and temporal expression reflects systemic changes in response to biotic or abiotic stimuli. Further, UPE provides a non-invasive biophysical phenomenon that supports Bose's physiological observations. UPE provides evidence of systemic complexity through theoretical approaches and advanced experimental technologies. Modern studies validate visionary aspects of Bose's research by establishing UPE as a tool that negates biosemiotic discourses. These findings transition the study of whole-plant behaviour from abstract mechanistic models to a quantifiable, systemic-complex (SC) perspective. Together, our work validates Bose's visionary research and establishes UPE as a critical tool for understanding plant perception and signalling.

This paper critically examines Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide through the intersecting lenses of memory studies, ecocriticism, and eco-postcolonial theory, highlighting the complex relationships between the displacement, ecology, and ethical responsibility. This paper focuses on the ecologically fragile Sundarbans; the novel presents the landscape not merely as a physical background but as a living archive that bears witness to the silenced histories of resetting, state violence, and marginal survival. The study asserts that Ghosh reconceptualizes nature as an active agent in preserving cultural memory, particularly in the erased history of the Morichjhapi massacre, which lives through oral narratives, ecological traces, and embodied knowledge rather than official historiography. The novel explores ecology as a site of remembrance, the paper shows how environmental spaces challenge linear and the state-sanctioned historical narratives. Displacement in The Hungry Tide is shown to employ on multiple levels cultural,physical ,psychological, and epistemological moving fisherfolk, refugees,and indigenous communities whose exist are rendered precarious by exclusionary conservation of policies. The novel interrogates human–nonhuman relationships and complicates ethical binaries by representing rivers, animals, and tides as contributors in shared ecological existence. Through the characters such as Fokir and Piya, Ghosh variations indigenous ecological knowledge with technocratic environmentalism by exposing the moral limitations of discussion models that ignore social justice. The paper contends that The Hungry Tide advances an moral ecology rooted in interdependence, coexistence, and historical accountability. By combining ecological consciousness with memory and displacement, the novel appears as a significant eco-postcolonial text that resonates with contemporary discussion surrounding environmental injustice, climate change, and forced migration., The study affirms literature’s capacity to recover the silenced pasts and to remake more inclusive and the humane ecological futures.