In the spirit of the 2024 Australian Historical Association Conference theme ‘Home Truths’, this paper considers what ‘history with purpose’ means in the context of a radically re-imagined, decolonised Humanities, when Indigenous movements for justice are activated at the nexus between arts, archives and activism. As we grapple with urgent social and planetary priorities, challenges and crises, we have a platform and responsibility to determine liberatory futures in the present. This is an unprecedented pedagogical moment in time, as Mississauga Nishnaabeg scholar, Leanne Betasamosake Simpson theorises, that requires Indigenous resurgence, collectivism and deep relationality. This paper also considers the potential for Archival-poetics and Living Legacy Archive initiatives to generate truth-telling innovations for our times, and that spearhead the public life and just making of history.

BackgroundLeprosy remains a persistent public health challenge, especially in endemic areas, where its historical association with stigma continues to harm social participation and psychosocial well-being. Understanding how stigma affects social participation across different life areas is crucial for developing effective care and public health strategies.ObjectiveTo examine the association between stigma and social participation across different domains among people affected by leprosy.MethodsA cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted in 2019 with 97 individuals affected by leprosy followed at eight municipal reference units in Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. Sociodemographic, environmental, and clinical data were collected using structured instruments and medical records. Stigma was assessed using the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC), and social participation was evaluated using the Participation Scale (PS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Spearman’s correlation, chi-square tests for linear trend, and effect size estimation using Cramér’s V. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05.ResultsA total of 53.6% of participants presented some degree of restriction in social participation. The mean stigma score was 16.63 (SD = 8.53), and the mean participation score was 16.58 (SD = 13.62). A statistically significant, low-magnitude correlation was observed between stigma and participation restriction scores (Spearman’s rho = 0.25; p = 0.016). Categorical analysis demonstrated a significant linear association between higher stigma tertiles and greater participation restriction (χ2 for trend, p = 0.022), with a low overall effect size (Cramér’s V = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.10–0.36). Moderate effect sizes were observed in specific participation domains, including religious and community activities (Cramér’s V = 0.24; p = 0.02), visiting other people in the community (Cramér’s V = 0.26; p = 0.01), and perceived respect within the community (Cramér’s V = 0.29; p = 0.04).ConclusionStigma was significantly associated with restricted social participation among people affected by leprosy. Although the overall association showed low magnitude, moderate and statistically significant associations were observed in key social domains. These findings support the inclusion of stigma and social participation assessments in routine leprosy care and highlight the need for integrated clinical, psychosocial, and community-based nursing and health interventions aimed at reducing stigma and promoting social inclusion.

Reversing a historical association between CHD and brain abscess: fact or artefact?

Stanley N. Katz served as the Class of 1921 Bicentennial Professor of the History of American Law and Liberty at Princeton University from 1978 to 1986. He left to become President of the American Council of Learned Societies, the national humanities organization in the United States. When he stepped down from that position in 1997, he returned to teaching and high-level institutional service at Princeton, including as the Acting Director of the Program in Law and Public Affairs from 2004 to 05 and 2016 to 17. Katz’s contributions to legal history include, in addition to a vast array of articles and the books cited in the footnotes below, his work as Editor in Chief of the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History and of the Oliver Wendell Holmes Devise History of the United States Supreme Court. He has served as President of the Organization of American Historians and American Society for Legal History, as Vice President of the Research Division of the American Historical Association, and as a member of the Board of Trustees of the Newberry Library, the Center for Jewish History, and many other institutions. He is a Fellow of the American Society for Legal History, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Society of American Historians. President Barack Obama awarded him the National Humanities Medal in 2011.

Abstract Palestinian embroidery is the subject of ongoing interest, much of it on the part of Palestinian collectors, artists, and researchers. The present article focuses upon the works of Rachel Kainy, a young Israeli artist, who paints to perfection worn-out remnants of embroidered Palestinian thaubs (traditional embroidered ankle-length dresses). Retaining the traces of wear and tear on the embroidered pieces, while transposing them to the medium of painting, potentially activates the historical association of the Nakba. Living in the former Palestinian village of ‘Ayn Karim, Kainy's nuanced, thought-provoking works and accompanying story provide grounds for reflecting upon unexpected reactions of Israelis to the Nakba, as well as a plethora of issues regarding folk creativity, femininity, and occupation.

Abstract In this paper, we highlight the transformative potential of a sustained, subject-specific professional development model for religious education (RE) teachers’ ‘pedagogical and subject knowledge’ in the form of a Teacher Fellowship, based on key aspects of an earlier model offered by the Historical Association, and grounded in academic theology, dialogical pedagogy and collaborative inquiry. Through a pilot study, we demonstrate its potential to enhance teachers’ subject confidence, promote deeper curricular reflection, and generate a renewed sense of professional purpose. While limited in scale, the findings support a replicable and scalable solution which addresses critical challenges in RE—particularly the growing reliance on non-specialist teachers and the subject's marginalisation in national educational priorities.

Background: As of 2024, three approved respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines are licensed for use in adults in the United States: Arexvy™, Abrysvo™, and mRESVIA™. These vaccines are specifically designed to prevent lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV in adults aged 60 and older. All licensed vaccines rely on stabilized RSV pre-fusion F (pre-F) as the sole antigen. RSV vaccines targeted to the other key RSV surface protein, the G glycoprotein, have been slow to advance because of sequence diversity and a historical association with vaccine-enhanced disease in animal models of infection. The recent development of structure-guided subunit immunogens and immune-modulating adjuvants has renewed interest in RSV G, as the combination of both F and G glycoproteins appears to improve vaccine efficacy over either one individually. RSV G is extensively O-glycosylated, with two mucin-like regions. Methods: This study investigated the effects of manipulation of O-linked glycosylation on a recombinant RSV G vaccine antigen in an RSV/A2 challenge study in BALB/c mice. Conclusions: We found that restricting the O-linked glycosylation on a recombinant RSV G vaccine antigen enhances its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in BALB/c mice.

Historical reconstruction studies are important for understanding the evolutionary mechanisms associated with different parasite-host systems. Platyhelminths of the classes Monopisthocotyla and Polyopisthocotyla (formerly Monogenoidea or Monogenea) have proven to be excellent models for historical reconstruction studies due to their exceptional parasite specificity, suggesting that cospeciation events are the main pattern observed in these parasite-host systems (i.e., codivergence). However, recent studies indicate that not only cospeciation but also duplication, host-switch, and loss (extinction) events are necessary to explain the historical association patterns between monopisthocotylan lineages and their hosts. In the present study, we describe four new species of Urocleidoides parasitizing the gills of Characiformes and Gymnotiformes hosts from the coastal drainages of the eastern Brazilian Amazon. We also used a cophylogenetic approach to investigate the coevolutionary relationships between Urocleidoides species and their characiform hosts to determine which coevolutionary events are acting to diversify the parasites. To achieve our goal, we used Jane to estimate coevolutionary scenarios and PACo to assess the cophylogenetic signal and phylogenetic congruence between parasite and host phylogenies. The comparison between the parasite phylogeny, based on partial sequences of the 28S rDNA gene, and the host phylogeny, inferred from concatenated partial sequences of the RAG1, RAG2, Cytb, and COI genes, revealed a high degree of topological congruence between them. Our results indicate a mixed evolutionary scenario, where cospeciation played an important role but was accompanied by significant loss events, failure to diverge and host-switch, suggesting that the diversification of Urocleidoides in Characiformes did not occur in a restricted way but with episodes of adaptation and possible colonization of new hosts over time.

This paper proposes a knowledge graph (KG) construction method for a part machining process in response to the low degree of structuring of historical process data association relationships within the enterprise in the field of part machining, which makes it difficult to reuse effectively. The part types are mainly shafts, gears, boxes and other common parts. First, the schema layer of the process knowledge graph was constructed using a top-down approach. Second, deep learning techniques were employed for entity extraction, while knowledge fusion and ontology relationship establishment methods were combined to build the data layer of the process knowledge graph (PKG) from the bottom up. Third, the mapping between the schema layer and data layer was implemented in the Neo4j graph database. Based on the constructed process KG, process route recommendation and rapid retrieval of process information were thus accomplished. Finally, a shaft part was used as the target part to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. In over 300 trials, the similarity-based recommendation model achieved a hit rate of 91.7% (the target part’s route appeared in the recommended list in 91.7% of cases). These results indicate that the proposed machining PKG construction is feasible and can assist in process planning, potentially improving the efficiency of retrieving and reusing machining knowledge.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasingly recognized as a significant comorbidity in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), despite its historical association with type 2 diabetes. This review focuses on summarizing current findings regarding the role of insulin resistance in the development of MASLD in T1D, as well as examining the relationship between MASLD and diabetes-related complications. We will also briefly discuss the prevalence, diagnostic challenges, associated complications, and potential mechanisms underlying MASLD in T1D. Although insulin resistance is well established in MASLD among those with type 2 diabetes, its role in T1D requires further clarification. Emerging markers, such as the estimated glucose disposal rate, offer early insight into this relationship. MASLD in T1D is linked to both microvascular and macrovascular complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease. Variability in prevalence estimates reflects inconsistencies among imaging modalities, emphasizing the need for standardized, non-invasive diagnostic approaches. Recognizing and addressing MASLD and its links to insulin resistance and diabetes complications in T1D is vital for mitigating long-term complications and enhancing clinical outcomes.

Redefining the role of the EryM acetyltransferase in natural product biosynthetic pathways.

ABSTRACT Crime and vice have always been part of community history, but until recently, few local history museums regularly collected such material. Existing collections were often assembled and preserved by members of the law enforcement community, often for honorific purposes. Such is the case for the Pittsburgh Police Historical Association Collection now at the Senator John Heinz History Center. But while such holdings were accumulated from a specific point of view, they can still reveal broader stories about crime and vice in the community. This article offers an example and encourages more researchers to turn their attention to such holdings.

The following article aims to reconstruct certain aspects of the historical context of the development of the National Common Curricular Base (BNCC), reflecting on the visions of History proposed by the document and examining the theoretical concepts highlighted by the BNCC. To do this, we use a descriptive-qualitative methodology with the support of Content Analysis proposed by Laurence Bardin. By reconstructing the context, we seek to demonstrate the interests of different social groups and identify which interests were most considered in the development of the BNCC. In addition to analyzing the conceptions of History and Theory of History present in the document, we also seek to revisit the debate promoted by members of the specialized public, such as individual authors and associations of historians, and their perceptions of the new curricular document, many of which were recorded during the effervescence of the discussions about its development.

Ratatouille (Dir. Brad Bird, 2007) reflects on themes of identity, authenticity, and cultural belonging. The article analyzes this film, focusing on the depiction of ethnic characters: the Italian wannabe-chefs Linguini, a lowly kitchen worker, and Remy, a rat, who team up to replace Skinner, an Arab head chef. This rags to riches story arguably attempts to challenge the tenacious historical association between “rats” and ethnic outcasts, but it presents a naturalized difference between an Italian man, who is allowed to camouflage, and an Arab man, whose camouflage is presented as adversarial. At the end of the film, the Italian rat-human amalgamation improves its status and achieves success, while the Arab character is punished. The film draws parallels between the struggles of immigrant communities, such as Italians and Arabs, and their quest for acceptance and authenticity in a new cultural context. Linguini’s journey represents a form of cultural assimilation that is ultimately accepted, while Skinner’s deception is met with punishment and rejection, reflecting broader societal attitudes towards different immigrant groups. The article argues that by juxtaposing these characters, the film prompts viewers to consider broader themes of immigration and cultural assimilation. Indeed, Linguini exemplifies a more empathetic and collaborative social attitude, in contrast to Skinner’s authoritarian and greedy demeanor. Ratatouille—a cultural product aimed at young children—perpetuates stereotypes and reinforces ethnic hierarchies between Arabs and Italians.

Abstract This Forum piece highlights the value of collaborations between history academics and schools. It is based on recent work within History UK, an organization that promotes the interests of historians working within UK higher education, and it also highlights recent work within the Historical Association (HA). As school–university collaborations offer multiple opportunities, the article brings together different perspectives, including two case studies. The first case study summarizes experiences from an HA Teacher Fellowship that formed part of a wider project on ‘The People of 1381’, with school‐focused activities complementing other forms of public engagement. The second case study discusses how research and university‐based teaching on ‘Objects of Empire’ generated school sessions aimed at Year 8 students. Following on from these two specific examples, the Forum piece presents insights into how different forms of schools‐related activities developed public impact, as defined by, and captured in, the UK's Research Excellence Framework (REF).

Abstract In October 2024, the management of History: The Journal of the Historical Association moved to a team based at Northumbria University in Newcastle upon Tyne. This editorial outlines plans for the journal, including some that are already reflected in contributions to the present edition. Moreover, it situates this ongoing work within broader contexts, both in terms of the institutional settings for history teaching and research in the United Kingdom and with regard to the Historical Association's aspiration to promote engagement with the past in multiple ways.

Abstract This essay is a lightly edited version of a speech I gave at the annual reception of the Conference on Latin American History (CLAH) at the American Historical Association meetings in New York City in January 2025. It was written as a keynote address connected with my acceptance of CLAH’s Distinguished Service Award for 2024. I focus here on what have been the two most critical and intertwined commitments of my roughly five-decade career as a historian of Mexico and Latin America: broad intellectual collaboration across disciplines, academic generations, and national boundaries, and a two-way notion of mentoring. Apart from my own monographic research, these commitments have played out in an array of editorial arenas—academic journals, multi-authored collections, a massive country-level compendium of documents, and a long-running book series—that have remained integral to my intellectual growth and figured importantly in the mentoring of my doctoral students and their mentoring of me. My career trajectory in this regard may well have been a road less travelled and one certainly not for everyone; still, there is a case to be made for giving greater emphasis to broader collaborative strategies of research and dissemination in our work as scholars and teachers of Latin America’s past.

Changing the Subject in the School Wars: An American Historical Association Research Team Perspective - Erratum

Gout, an inflammatory arthritis form, is renowned for its historical association with affluence. This review delves into its pathophysiology, exploring hyperuricemia, urate crystal formation, and the ensuing inflammatory response. The epidemiology of gout is examined, focusing on its rising prevalence and impact on public health. In this study, progress in gout management is discussed, involving pharmacological interventions, dietary changes, and emerging therapies. Genetic predisposition and triggers like alcohol, temperature, and diet are highlighted in this study. Prevention strategies, including serum urate-lowering therapy and lifestyle modifications, aim to reduce recurrent flares and complications. The inflammatory response in acute gout attacks is elucidated, involving immune cells, cytokines, and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Chronic gout manifestations, such as gouty tophus formation, are explored for their destructive impact on surrounding tissues. Recent advancements in gout treatment, including nanotherapies and novel compounds, are discussed, along with promising urate-lowering drugs. Cutting-edge research on zinc ferrite nanoparticles, dimethyl fumarate, and myricetin/nobiletin hybrids addresses oxidative stress and inflammation in gout. Additionally, the potential therapeutic role of methanolic leaf extract of Euphorbia milii and tip-loaded CLC-Soluplus® MAPs is explored as natural and transdermal alternatives for gout management. The review also covers the development status of new urate-lowering drugs, providing insights into promising candidates and their mechanisms. Patents on gout and recent diagnostic advancements using techniques like laser confocal micro Raman spectrometer, FTIR, and THz-TDS offer a more accurate approach for gout stone analysis, enabling early detection and targeted treatment.

The dominance of originalism in contemporary constitutional interpretation gives historians both an opportunity and a responsibility to explain and illustrate how our discipline would resolve questions about the original meaning, intention, and understanding of particular clauses. In response to this challenge, the Brennan Center at NYU Law School organized a Historians’ Council to mobilize how the profession can contribute to ongoing legal and political debates. Four members of the council formed a panel at the January 2025 annual meeting of the American Historical Association to discuss our approaches to the subject and to forecast the agenda going forward.