Hind Wing Venation Research Articles

Deanophlebia: A new genus of south-eastern Australian mayflies and subsequentredefinition of the subgenus Nousia (Australonousia) (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae).

A new genus of Leptophlebiidae has been established to accommodate two morphospecies, previously known only from nymphs and assigned to the Australian genus Nousia (subgenus Australonousia). The genus Deanophlebia is established for the species: Deanophlebia kala (Harker) (comb nov.) and Deanophlebia radsjoshi (sp. nov.), both of which were first found in the alpine regions of New South Wales but with a range which extends into East Gippsland in Victoria. The genus can be distinguished from Nousia by the consistently larger size of both the imagos and nymphs. Furthermore, fore and hind wing venation and genitalia morphology are characteristic in the imago as is mouthpart morphology in the nymph. Differences between Deanophlebia and Nousia are defined and discussed and differences between the subgenera of Nousia are re-defined.

Sinopyrophorinae, a new subfamily of Elateridae (Coleoptera, Elateroidea) with the first record of a luminous click beetle in Asia and evidence for multiple origins of bioluminescence in Elateridae.

The new subfamily Sinopyrophorinae within Elateridae is proposed to accommodate a bioluminescent species, Sinopyrophorusschimmeli Bi & Li, gen. et sp. nov., recently discovered in Yunnan, China. This lineage is morphologically distinguished from other click-beetle subfamilies by the strongly protruding frontoclypeal region, which is longitudinally carinate medially, the pretarsal claws without basal setae, the hind wing venation with a well-defined wedge cell, the abdomen with seven (male) or six (female) ventrites, the large luminous organ on the abdominal sternite II, and the male genitalia with median lobe much shorter than parameres, and parameres arcuate, with the inner margin near its apical third dentate. Molecular phylogeny based on the combined 14 mitochondrial and two nuclear genes supports the placement of this taxon far from other luminescent click-beetle groups, which provides additional evidence for the multiple origin of bioluminescence in Elateridae. Illustrations of habitus and main diagnostic features of S.schimmeli Bi & Li, gen. et sp. nov. are provided, as well as the brief description of its luminescent behavior.

The first formal report of brachypterous stonefly of Leuctridae (Plecoptera) from China.

Paraleuctra cuihuashana sp. nov., the first formally reported brachypterous stonefly of Leuctridae (Plecoptera) known from China, is described from Shaanxi Province of northwestern China. The new species is characterized by the short-winged male with unique hindwing venation and a finger-shaped process on cerci. The female of P. cuihuashana sp. nov. has variable wing length. Molecular data supported the distinctness of the new species and the widespread P. orientalis (Chu, 1928).

Loneura Navás (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Ptiloneuridae): new species from Brazil, and description of the female of Loneura maracaensis Garcia Aldrete, with a checklist of all known species of the genus.

A new Loneura species from the Brazilian state of Bahia (Loneura baiana n. sp.), is here described and illustrated. It is assignable to a species group of the genus but not to any of its subgroups. The previously unknown female of Loneura maracaensis Garcia Aldrete is described and illustrated, comments on variation in the fore- and hindwing venation of two male specimens of this species are included. Information on sexes known and distribution is included for all known species of Loneura.

The systematic position of the stonefly †culonga Sinitshenkova, 2011 (Plecoptera: Leuctrida) reassessed using Reflectance Transforming Imaging and cladistic analysis

The phylogenetic position of the insect species †culonga Sinitshenkova, 2011, recovered from the Khasurty locality (Transbaikalia, Russia; Early Cretaceous), is re-investigated. This fossil needle stonefly has been considered an Exeleuctrida nec Mioleuctrida & Eleuctrida based on the organization of the hind wing venation opposite the arculus. We reconsidered this interpretation based on a direct observation, complemented by a Reflectance Transforming Imaging file. Our investigation indicates that the species displays the defining character state of Eleuctrida while it lacks the defining character state of Mioleuctrida. Due to inconsistencies in the character state combination displayed by the species, we carried out a cladistics analysis. The species †culonga is recovered as an Eleuctrida nec Mioleuctrida, and therefore represents a suitable calibration point for a node more recent than previously assumed, and incidentally demonstrates that Mioleuctrida belongs to Eleuctrida.

On the taxonomic position of Vindilis fornicata Stål, 1870 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea: Issidae)

The genus Vindilis Stål, 1870 is placed in the tribe Parahiraciini Cheng et Yang, 1991 based on the examination of photographs of the type specimen of its type species, Vindilis fornicata Stål, 1870. According to the hind wing structure and venation, V. fornicata is closely related to Nisoprincessa palawana Gnezdilov, 2017; both genera and species are known from the Philippines only.

To the revision of the genus Thionia Stål (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Issidae), with description of new genera and new subtribe.

New subtribe, Oronoquina subtrib. n., is erected for the genus Oronoqua Fennah, 1947 in the tribe Thioniini Melichar. New genera, Fowlerium gen. n. (type species: Thionia naso Fowler, 1905) and Aplos gen. n. (type species: Issus simplex Germar, 1830) are erected in the subtribe Thioniina Melichar. Thionia acuta Doering, 1941 and T. producta Van Duzee, 1908 are transferred to Fowlerium gen. n. The photos of type specimen of Issus cinctifrons Stål, 1854 are examined and compared with original description of Issus rubrocostatus Spinola, 1839 (currently Thionia rubrocostata (Spinola, 1839)). I. cinctifrons is reinstalled from synonymy with I. rubrocostatus as Thionia cinctifrons (Stål, 1854). Diagnosis of Thionia sensu stricto is given basing on the characters of T. cinctifrons. Generic status of Cheiloceps Uhler, 1895 is discussed and confirmed. Thionia argo Fennah, 1949, T. anguillana Fennah, 1965, T. borinqueta Caldwell et Martorell, 1951, and T. puertoricensis Caldwell et Martorell, 1951 are transferred to the genus Cheiloceps Uhler. Hind wing venation characters of Issidae are discussed.

Two new Dikraneurini genera from Ecuador (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae)

Two new genera, Sakakidikra n. gen. and Tricella n. gen., of tribe Dikraneurini McAtee are described from Ecuador, each based on a single new species, Sakakidikra jazminae n. sp. and Tricella antonellae n. sp. Both new genera described have only three apical cells in the forewing, an unusual characteristic in Typhlocybinae, but given the differences in the forewing and hind wing venation and male genitalia characters we consider it more appropriate to place the specimens in two separate monotypic genera.

A New Fossil Mayfly Species of the GenusBorinquenaTraver, 1938 (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Miocene Dominican Amber

Abstract. The Neotropical mayfly genus Borinquena Traver, 1938 so far comprises three described extant species from the Caribbean basin. Furthermore, three fossil species from Dominican amber have been described in this genus. Based on a single male imago, Borinquena schawallfussi sp. nov. is described in this contribution as the fourth fossil species of Borinquena from Miocene Dominican amber. The new species clearly differs from all other fossil and recent representatives of the genus Borinquena in forewing colouration and venation, hind wing shape and venation, and in the shape of penis lobes and their ventral spines.

A remarkable insect from the Pennsylvanian of the Joggins Formation in Nova Scotia, Canada: insights into unusual venation of Brodiidae and nymphs of Megasecoptera

The discovery of a new megasecopteron, Brodia jogginsensis sp. nov., is reported from the Joggins Formation, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Nova Scotia, Canada. The new species diagnosis is based on the unique pattern of hind wing venation bearing three anterior branches of MP and pectinate CuP with four posterior branches. Its occurrence in Langsettian deposits of the Maritimes Basin correspond well with other Pennsylvanian Brodiidae known from the Coal Measures of the UK and Mazon Creek in Illinois, USA. Based on our re-examination, we propose to transfer the genus Pyebrodia, with P. martinsnetoi Brauckmann & Herd, 2003, described as a putative member of Brodiidae, into Palaeodictyoptera family incertae sedis as it lacks most of the diagnostic features of Brodiidae. The holotype of Eubrodia dabasinskasi Carpenter, 1967, housed in a private collection, was supplemented by the description of an additional specimen housed in The Field Museum, Chicago. The fossil record of Brodiidae is reviewed and additional remarks concerning the wing morphology and the function of specialized structures, such as reinforcements in the form of a specialized crossvein between A1 and CuP, are given. Putative nymphs of Brodiidae and development of wings in Megasecoptera are discussed.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:741846CB-FAD0-4103-90D3-2896D8909E94

Further progress on the phylogeny of Noctuoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera) using an expanded gene sample

AbstractMajor progress has been made recently toward resolving the phylogeny of Noctuoidea, the largest superfamily of Lepidoptera. However, numerous questions and weakly supported nodes remain. In this paper we independently check and extend the main findings of multiple recent authors by performing maximum‐likelihood analyses of 5–19 genes (6.7–18.6 kb) in 74 noctuoids representing all the families and a majority of the subfamilies. Our results strongly support the six family system of Zahiri et al., with the former Lymantriidae and Arctiidae subsumed within the huge family Erebidae, and Noctuidae restricted largely to the subfamilies with so‐called trifine hindwing venation. Our data also strongly corroborate monophyly of the set of four families with quadrifid forewing venation, to the exclusion of Notodontidae, and removal from the latter of Oenosandridae. Other among‐family relationships, however, remain unsettled. Our evidence is equivocal on the position of Oenosandridae, which are sister group to either Notodontidae alone or to all other noctuoids. Like other recent nuclear gene studies, our results also provide no strong support for relationships among the four quadrifid forewing families. In contrast, within families our analyses significantly expand the list of robustly resolved relationships, while introducing no strong conflicts with previous molecular studies. Within Notodontidae, for which we present the largest molecular taxon sample to date, we find strong evidence for polyphyly for some, or all, recent definitions of the subfamilies Thaumetopoeinae, Pygaerinae, Notodontinae and Heterocampinae. Deeper divergences are incompletely resolved but there is strong support for multiple ‘backbone’ nodes subtending most of the subfamilies studied. Within Erebidae, we find much agreement and no strong conflict with a recent previous study regarding relationships among subfamilies, and somewhat stronger support. Although many questions remain, the two studies together firmly resolve positions for over half the subfamilies. Within Noctuidae, we find no strong conflict with previous molecular studies regarding relationships among subfamilies, but much stronger resolution along the ‘backbone’ of the phylogeny. Combining information from multiple studies yields strongly resolved positions for most of the subfamilies. Finally, our results strongly suggest that the tribes Pseudeustrotiini and Prodeniini, currently assigned to the largest subfamily, Noctuinae, do not belong there. In sum, our results provide additional corroboration for the main outlines of family‐level phylogeny in Noctuoidea, and contribute toward resolving relationships within families.

A new erythroneurine leafhopper genus from Thailand (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with description of three new species.

A new genus of tribe Erythroneurini from Thailand, Thaioneura gen. n., including three new species: Thaioneura nigrilinea sp. n. (type species), Thaioneura sinuata sp. n. and Thaioneura suphanburia sp. n., is described and illustrated and a key to species is provided. The new genus exhibits a pattern of interspecific variation in the hind wing venation that has not been observed in other genera of the tribe.

A review of the genus Ikonza Hesse with notes on evolution of the family Issidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoroidea)

Ikonza angolensis sp. n. is described from southwestern Angola which is the first record of the family Issidae from this country. The fore and hind wing structure and venation are illustrated for Kovacsiana abyssinica, Chimetopon camerunensis, Issus pospisili, and Tempsa sp. Ecological data on Tetrica fusca in Vietnam are provided for the first time. The evolution and distribution of the family Issidae are briefly discussed.

Systematics of the parasitic wasp genus Oxyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Platygastridae s.l.), part III: African fauna.

African species of Oxyscelio (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae s.l.) are revised. A total of 14 species are recognized, 13 of which are described as new: Oxyscelio absentiae Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio galeri Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio gyri Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio idoli Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio intensionis Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio io Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio kylix Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio lunae Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio nemesis Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio pulveris Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio quassus Burks, sp. n., Oxyscelio teli Burks, sp. n. and Oxyscelio xenii Burks, sp. n. The genus Freniger Szabó, syn. n. is recognized as part of an endemic African species group of Oxyscelio with incomplete hind wing venation, and Oxyscelio bicolor (Szabó), comb. n. is therefore recognized as the only previously described species of Oxyscelio from Africa. The Oxyscelio crateris and Oxyscelio cuculli species groups, previously known from southeast Asia, are represented in Africa by seven and one species respectively.

The first twisted-wing parasitoid in Eocene amber from north-eastern China (Strepsiptera: Myrmecolacidae)

ABSTRACTAn Early Eocene amber twisted-wing parasitoid (Strepsiptera) is described and figured from the Fushun Coalfield in north-eastern China, representing the first record of this order for the Tertiary of Asia and the second extinct genus of Myrmecolacidae. Kronomyrmecolax fushunicus gen. et sp. nov. is represented by a single male which is distinguished from other living and fossil myrmecolacids, particularly Palaeomyrmecolax Kulicka, in middle Eocene Baltic amber. The genera differ in details of hind wing venation and antennal morphology.

Notes on the tribe Rhotalini (Homoptera, Achilidae) with analysis of the hind-wing venation and redescription of the genus Taractellus metcalf from Chile

The genus Taractellus Metcalf is redescribed based on new material; its position in the family Achilidae and in the tribe Rhotalini is confirmed. The evolutionarily labile anastomosis of the medial and anterocubital veins of the hind wing in the representatives of Achilidae and in the other Fulgoroidea is analyzed.

Phycitinae Phylogeny Based on Two Genes, with Implications for Morphological Trait Evolution and Heinrich's Tribal Classification (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

ABSTRACT. Phycitinae are a morphologically and ecologically diverse group of Lepidoptera with numerous pest species. Establishment of a stable classification system for the subfamily has been challenging due to complex evolutionary patterns in adult morphological structures and difficult species identifications. Currently, Carl Heinrich's dual system, published in 1956, serves as the main reference point for tribal classification, but its inherent ambiguity and geographic constraints have meant that no system is widely accepted for the subfamily. Here we present the first molecular phylogeny of the Phycitinae, based on two independent gene regions (cytochrome oxidase I and elongation factor 1 alpha). We use this molecular phylogeny to examine evolutionary trends in four key morphological structures (hind wing venation, male antennae, male maxillary palpi and male abdomen 8 modifications for pheromone dispersion) and determine their phylogenetic utility. Our results indicate two major groups of genera in t...

Two new species ofKalligrammulaHandlirsch, 1919 (Insecta, Neuroptera, Kalligrammatidae) from the Jurassic of China and Kazakhstan

AbstractTwo new species ofKalligrammulaHandlirsch, 1919 (Insecta, Neuroptera, Kalligrammatidae) are described asK. latan. sp. andK. karatensisn. sp. based on two nearly complete hindwings respectively from the Middle–Upper Jurassic of Daohugou, China and the Upper Jurassic of Karatau, Kazakhstan.LimnogrammaRen, 2003 is considered to be a junior synonym ofKalligrammulabased on the hindwing venation. The distribution of kalligrammatid genera is discussed.

A striking new treehopper genus Mutilifolia (Hemiptera: Membracidae:Smiliinae: Telamonini), from Costa Rica.

A new treehopper genus from Costa Rica, Mutilifolia, based on M. nishidai, new species, is described and illustrated. Mutilifolia is considered a member of the subfamily Smiliinae, tribe Telamonini based on characteristics of the pronotum, fore- and hind wing venation, and female genitalia. This genus superficially resembles the telamonine genera Antianthe, Archasia, and Hemicardiacus due to the highly elevated, foliaceous, and largely green pronotum, but the male style clasp of Mutilifolia with two recurved teeth differs greatly from the styles of any other presently known telamonine. Further collecting of treehoppers in the mountainous regions of Central America and Mexico, areas often neglected by collectors, may yield additional new Telamonini taxa.

Two new species of Archaeohelorus (Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea, Heloridae) from the Middle Jurassic of China.

Two new fossil species, Archaeohelorus polyneurus sp. n. and A. tensus sp. n., assigned to the genus Archaeohelorus Shih, Feng & Ren, 2011 of Heloridae (Hymenoptera), are reported from the late Middle Jurassic, Jiulongshan Formation of Inner Mongolia, China. Based on the well-preserved forewings and hind wings of these specimens, the diagnosis of the Archaeohelorus is emended: forewing 2cu-a intersecting Cu and Rs+M at the same point or postfurcal, and hind wing may have tubular veins C, Sc+R, R, Rs, M+Cu, M and Cu distinct, or simplified venation. The new findings also elucidate the evolutionary trend of forewing and hind wing venation and body size for the Heloridae from the late Middle Jurassic to now.