High Content Of Phenolic Compounds Research Articles

Allelopathic potential of ethanolic extract and its fractions from leaves of Geonoma schottiana Mart.

Geonoma schottiana Martius (Arecaceae) is an understory palm species widely distributed in Brazil. The objective of this work was to determine the allelopathic potential of Geonoma schottiana leaf extract and its fractions of different polarities and evaluate in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities. The germination of seeds of Lactuca sativa and Panicum maximum was tested using ethanolic leaf extract and its hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions. In vitro antioxidant tests were performed through the DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and molybdenum tests, whereas the SOD, CAT, and POX enzymatic tests were used to evaluate in vivo antioxidant activity. Chemical analyses were performed through phytochemical screening of the main groups of secondary metabolites by thin-layer chromatography and quantification of the total contents of phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids. The hexane and butanol fractions had allelopathic effects on P. maximum and low activity on L. sativa. The ethyl acetate fraction presented higher antioxidant activity in the DPPH test, whereas butanol presented higher antioxidant activity in the ABTS test. The most active fractions in terms of allelopathic effect interfered with the increases in the production of SOD and POX enzymes. The most polar fractions had higher contents of phenolic compounds. All analyzed chemical groups were found in the phytochemical screening, except the anthracene group.

The Role of Sargahydroquinoic Acid and Sargachromenol in the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Sargassum yezoense.

The anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanol extract of Sargassum yezoense and its fractions were investigated in this study. The ethanol extract exhibited a strong anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and effectively suppressed the M1 polarization of murine bone-marrow-derived macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharides and IFN-γ (interferon-gamma). Through a liquid-liquid extraction process, five fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and aqueous) were acquired. Among these fractions, the chloroform fraction (SYCF) was found to contain the highest concentration of phenolic compounds, along with two primary meroterpenoids, sargahydroquinoic acid (SHQA) and sargachromenol (SCM), and exhibit significant antioxidant capacity. It also demonstrated a robust anti-inflammatory effect. A direct comparison was conducted to assess the relative contribution of SHQA and SCM to the anti-inflammatory properties of SYCF. The concentrations of SHQA and SCM tested were determined based on their relative abundance in SYCF. SHQA contributed to a significant portion of the anti-inflammatory property of SYCF, while SCM played a limited role. These findings not only highlight the potential of the chloroform-ethanol fractionation approach for concentrating meroterpenoids in S. yezoense but also demonstrate that SHQA and other bioactive compounds work additively or synergistically to produce the potent anti-inflammatory effect of SYCF.

Metabolism of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Different Tissue Parts of Post-Harvest Chive (Allium schoenoprasum L.).

Chive (Allium schoenoprasum L.) has a strong antioxidant property as it contains abundant phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid. In the present study, we investigated the metabolism of phenolic compounds and the change in antioxidant activity in different tissue parts of post-harvest chives. The results showed that compared with the bottom white part (BW), the round green part (RG) exhibited significantly higher contents of phenolic compounds, increased enzyme activities and enhanced antioxidant activities, indicating that phenolic compounds were mainly synthesised in RG. The expression levels of genes such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase and 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase and their corresponding enzyme activities rapidly decreased in RG, whereas they were maintained in BW, suggesting that senescence occurred more rapidly in RG than in BW. Our study provides a theoretical basis for further research into and development of different parts of Allium plants and offers a basis for consumers' nutritional considerations.

COMPARISON OF THE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS CONTENT AND COMPOSITION IN SYNECHOCYSTIS SP. AND DESERTIFILUM THARENSE

The content and composition of phenolic compounds in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 GT-L and Desertifilum tharense were studied for the first time. A spectrophotometric method was used to determine the phenolic compounds content, thin-layer chromatography and UV spectrometry to study their composition. A higher accumulation of these secondary metabolites was found in Synechocystis sp., which was almost twice as high as that in Desertifilum tharense. In both cases, the higher content of phenolic compounds was observed in the linear phase of cyanobacteria growth (3 days). Synechocystis sp. and Desertifilum tharense characterized by the formation of phenolics (4 and 7 compounds, respectively), which contain p-oxybenzoic or p-coumaric acids – the initial stages’metabolites of the phenolic compounds biogenesis.

Comparative antioxidant activity and phytochemical content of five extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom)

Reactive oxygen species reacts with numerous molecules in the body system causing oxidative damage, which requires antioxidants to ameliorate. Pleurotus ostreatus, a highly nutritious edible mushroom, has been reported to be rich in bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the comparative antioxidant activity and phytochemical contents of five extracts of P. ostreatus: aqueous (AE), chloroform (CE), ethanol (EE), methanol (ME) and n-hexane (HE). The phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined using standard in-vitro antioxidant assay methods. Results showed that the extracts contained alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolics, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, anthrocyanins, and betacyanins in varied amounts. CE had the highest flavonoid content (104.83 ± 29.46 mg/100 g); AE gave the highest phenol content of 24.14 ± 0.02 mg/100 g; tannin was highest in EE (25.12 ± 0.06 mg/100 g); HE had highest amounts of alkaloids (187.60 ± 0.28 mg/100 g) and saponins (0.16 ± 0.00 mg/100 g). Antioxidant analyses revealed that CE had the best hydroxyl radical activity of 250% at 100 µg/ml and ferric cyanide reducing power of 8495 µg/ml; ME gave the maximum DPPH activity (87.67%) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity (65.58%) at 500 µg/ml; EE had the highest nitric oxide radical inhibition of 65.81% at 500 µg/ml and ascorbate peroxidase activity of 1.60 (iU/l). AE had the best total antioxidant capacity (5.27 µg/ml GAE at 500 µg/ml) and ferrous iron chelating activity (99.23% at 100 µg/ml) while HE gave the highest guaiacol peroxidase activity of 0.20(iU/l). The comparative phytochemical and antioxidant characteristics (IC50) of the extracts followed the order: CE > AE > EE > ME > HE. Overall, chloroform was the best extraction solvent for P. ostreatus. The high content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and alkaloids in P. ostreatus makes it a rich source of antioxidants and potential candidate for the development of new therapies for a variety of oxidative stress-related disorders.

In Vivo Diuretic Activity and Anti-Hypertensive Potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa Extract by Inhibition of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Hypertension Precursor Enzymes.

Aqueous extracts of calyx from Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) (roselle) are highly appreciated for their nutritional and therapeutic effects, especially as anti-hypertensive substances. This study aimed to evaluate their anti-hypertensive potential through an in vitro inhibition assay of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and hypertension precursor enzymes and to assess the in vivo diuretic activity of HS. Results showed that HS extract inhibited enzymes belonging to several classes, such as α-amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme. In particular, enzymatic kinetics of ACE indicated a competitive inhibition fashion of HS extract. Furthermore, the extracts showed remarkable diuretic and natriuretic effects at doses of 50 mg/kg/bw, 100 mg/kg/b.w, and 200 mg/kg.b.w. These activities can be explained by the high content of phenolic compounds and essential amino acids. Roselle could be a potential source of nutraceuticals and anti-hypertensive bioactive compounds.

Antioxidant activity, cytotoxic, phenolic content and phytochemical composition of Pithecellobium diversifolium Benth

Species of Pithecellobium (Fabaceae) are used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes, cough, bronchitis and inflammation. The present study aimed to evaluate the content and to determine the antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds content and cytotoxicity of the extract and of the fractions of Pithecellobium diversifolium, an unprecedented study with an exotic species from the Caatinga, northeastern Brazil, using HPLC-ESI instrumentation, The MeOH fractions of leaves and stem barks showed a high content of flavonoids (198.1 ± 106.50 and 542.7 ± 2.52 mg EqQ /g). The CH2Cl2 fraction of peels had a high content of total phenolic compounds (516 .7 ± 3.00 mg EqAG /g). The DPPH test showed that the CH2Cl2 fraction (leaves) had an EC50 of 0.08 ± 0.02, a value higher than that observed for the standards used in the test - Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid. The AcOEt and MeOH fractions of peels had moderate cytotoxicity with values below 500 μ g/ mL. The MeOH fraction of leaves showed 7 major compounds: myricetin, quercetin, quercetin-arabinofuranoside, apigenin-triglycosides and apigenin-diglucoside, being the last three unpublished in studies involving the genus. The tests carried out show the potential of P. diversifolium, a promising source of biomolecules with therapeutic applicability.

Volatile profile of breba and fig fruits (peel and pulp) from different Ficus carica L. varieties

BackgroundIt is currently estimated that around 50 % of fig production in Spain is not marketed and it is wasted, increasing the quantity of food loss. It is necessary to highlight that this is the first study comparing peels and pulps of breba and figs fruits to help improve the knowledge of volatile profile in four different Spanish varieties. The aim of this study was to investigate the volatile composition by HS-SPME of breba and figs (peel and pulp) of different varieties selected for their commercial relevance in Spain. ResultsIn this study, 35 compounds have been detected in the different parts of breba and figs fruits. It can be said that the data presented here showed that variety affected the volatile profile in both edible (pulp) and non-edible (peel) Ficus carica L. fruit parts in both brebas and fig fruits, being Colar de Albatera which presented higher content in key volatile compounds. On the other hand, differences have also been observed between pulp and peel fruit part in each fruit: peel was richer in key volatile compounds than pulp, especially in Colar de Albatera variety. ConclusionApart from the high content of phenolic compounds and nutritive properties of the edible and non-edible part of brebas and figs, specially Colar variety, it can be concluded that this material can also increase the olfactory sensory attributes.

Brassica microgreens cabbage (Brassica oleracea), radish (Raphanus sativus) and rocket (Eruca vesicaria) (L.) Cav: application of red‐light emitting diodes lighting during postharvest storage and in vitro digestion on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity

SummaryMicrogreens grow best under light‐emitting diodes (LED), an artificial light source. In this study, LED lights (red, blue and far‐red) were tested on brassica microgreens to see if they induced an increase in bioactive compounds (glucosinolates and phenolics). In vitro digestion also measured bioavailable bioactive compounds in the intestinal phase. LED lights (red, blue and far‐red) were applied for 6 h in storage at 5 °C and 85% RH for 5 days on cabbage (Brassica oleracea), radish (Raphanus sativus) and rocket (Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav). Red light significantly enhanced ascorbic acid, total phenols, kaempferol and quercetin glycoside concentrations in all three Brassica microgreens and antioxidant activities. Exposure to red LED light increased 4‐methoxyglucobrassicin (cabbage), glucoraphenin (radish), glucoraphanin A and glucoerucin (rocket). Red light stress may have resulted in secondary metabolite production in immature plants. An in vitro digestion showed higher concentrations of phenolic compounds, glucosinolate components and antioxidants in the intestinal phase. Red LED light is recommended as a postharvest treatment for improving cabbage, rocket and radish bioactive compounds.

Optimization of the green extraction process of antioxidants derived from grape pomace

The wine industry generates a large amount of waste, such as grape pomace, which contains compounds of interest. In this study, the ecological technologies of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were investigated to recover compounds of interest from the grape by-product. A fractional factorial design was used to explore the best extraction conditions and Box-Behnken response surface (MSR) methodology was performed for optimization using water as solvent. The best extraction conditions (time: 15 min, temperature: 65 °C, and amplitude: 70 %) resulted in the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity by the ABTS and DPPH assay. These two green technologies, ultrasound and microwaves and water as the solvent, applying a statistical optimization model allowed to improve extraction yield sustainably to find the best extraction conditions. The compounds extracted have the potential to be used in the food industry.

Neuroprotective effects of Tradescantia spathacea tea bioactives in Parkinson’s disease: In vivo proof-of-concept

Background and aimTradescantia spathacea (T. spathacea) is a traditional medicinal plant from Central America and its tea, obtained by infusion, has been recognized as a functional food. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of dry tea containing biocompounds from T. spathacea tea on motor and emotional behavior, as well as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats. Experimental procedureBioactives were identified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and an in vivo study in male Wistar rats was run as proof of concept of neuroprotective effects of DTTS. Results and conclusionWe found 15 biocompounds that had not been previously reported in T. spathacea: the UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS allowed identification five phenolic acids, one coumarin, two flavonoids, one iridoid, one phenylpropanoid glycoside, and six fatty acid derivatives. The dry tea of T. spathacea (DTTS) presented significant antioxidant activity and high contents of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Doses of 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg of DTTS were protective against dopaminergic neurodegeneration and exhibited modulatory action on the astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammatory response. Behavioral tests showed that 30 mg/kg of DTTS counteracted motor impairment, while 100 mg/kg produced an anxiolytic effect. The DTTS could be, therefore, a promising strategy for the management of Parkinson's disease.

Low-temperature treatments as an alternative to conventional pest control in dried figs and their effect on overall fruit quality

One of the main problems for the dried fig industry is pest control during storage and subsequent marketability. For this reason, the dried fig industry has traditionally applied pest control treatments with chemical-based insecticides, usually phosphine. However, current consumers want healthier products and a reduction in chemical use to reduce the environmental impact, so the dried fig industry is seeking alternatives to chemical treatments. Low temperatures have been shown to be an effective alternative for controlling dried fig pests. Treatments of 1 day at −18 °C, 2 days at −10 °C, and 7 days at −5 °C reduced pest incidence, with up to 100% efficiency, during the subsequent storage of dried figs. Moreover, these low-temperature treatments provided better quality dried figs, both from a sensory point of view, as was the case of dried figs subjected to 7 days at −5 °C, and from a bioactive compound point of view. Dried figs exposed for 2 days at −10 °C maintained a higher concentration of phenolic compounds. We conclude that low temperatures would be an appropriate alternative to phosphine treatments for pest control in dried figs.

Redox State Modulatory Activity and Cytotoxicity of Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) Leaves Extract Enriched in Polyphenols Using Macroporous Resin.

The food products derived from Olea europaea are a fundamental part of the Mediterranean diet, and their health-promoting effects are well known. In this study, we analyzed the phytochemical characteristics, the redox state modulatory activity, and the cytotoxic effect of an olive leaf aqueous extract enriched by macroporous resin on different tumor and normal cell lines (LNCaP, PC3, HFF-1). HPLC-DAD analysis, the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods confirmed the qualitatively and quantitatively high content of phenolic compounds (130.02 ± 2.3 mg GAE/g extract), and a DPPH assay (IC50 = 100.00 ± 1.8 μg/mL), the related antioxidant activity. The biological investigation showed a significant cytotoxic effect, highlighted by an MTT test and the evident cellular morphological changes, on two prostate cancer cell lines. Remarkably, the extract was practically non-toxic on HFF-1 at the concentrations (100, 150, 300 µg/mL) and exposure times tested. Hence, the results are selective for tumor cells. The underlying cytotoxicity was associated with the decrease in ROS production (55% PC3, 42% LNCaP) and the increase in RSH levels (>50% PC3) and an LDH release assay (50% PC3, 40% LNCaP, established necrosis as the main cell death mechanism.

Enhancement of the Physical and Functional Properties of Chitosan Films by Incorporating Galla chinensis Extract.

Composite films based on chitosan (CS) incorporating Galla chinensis extract (GCNE) at different CS/GCNE weight ratios, which are both biodegradable and multifunctional, were fabricated using the solution-casting method. The FTIR analyses indicated that a good interaction was presented among the GCNE and CS through an intermolecular hydrogen bond. The incorporation of the GCNE improved the films' elongation at break, UV-light blocking, and decreased the moisture regain (from 16.68% to 10.69%) and water absorption (from 80.65% to 54.74%). Moreover, the CS/GCNE films exhibited a strong antioxidant activity (from 57.11% to 70.37% of DPPH and from 35.53% to 46.73% of ABTS scavenging activities) mainly due to the high content of phenolic compounds in the incorporated GCNE. The CS/GCNE film-forming solution coatings demonstrated their effectiveness in preserving the quality of postharvest mangoes, specifically by minimizing the change in the firmness, weight loss, titratable acidity, and total phenolic and ascorbic acids. These findings suggest that the multifunctional composite films possess a high application potential to preserve postharvest fruits.

Efekti spontane i inokulisane fermentacije na sadržaj ukupnih fenolnih jedinjenja i antioksidativnu aktivnost vina Cabernet Sauvignon i prevrele komine

The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of wine and fermented pomace (FP) from Cabernet Sauvignon grapes harvested at the stage of full ripeness were evaluated by spectrophotometric analysis. Wine and pomace were obtained after prolonged maceration during spontaneous and inoculated fermentation of fully ripe grapes. Three individual vinifications were inoculated with the following commercial yeasts: BDX (Lallemand, Montréal, QC, Canada), FX10 (Laffort, Bordeaux, France) and Qa23 (Lallemand, Montréal, QC, Canada). For each vinification, maceration lasted 0, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. The total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Two different methods were used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the wine and pomace samples: the Ferric Reducing Activity of Plasma (FRAP) and the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC). The use of a winemaking process that included different maceration times and inoculation with yeasts, as well as spontaneous fermentation, significantly modulated the total phenolic content of the obtained wines and FP. This study could provide a good basis for the practical application and obtaining wines with a high content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties.

Эффективность ударно-дезинтеграторно-активаторной и ферментативной обработки в технологии белковых гидролизатов из полножирной соевой муки

The impact of impact-disintegration-activation processing (IDAP) of soybeans on oxidative processes in full-fat soy flour has been studied. It was found that during the storage of flour obtained after IDAP, the acidity value increases slowly compared to the flour obtained after processing soybeans with a rotor-blade mill processing (RBMP). After 1 month of storage, the difference in acidity value between the two processing methods favored IDAP by 1.7%, after 4 months of storage – by 34%, and after 12 months of storage – by 31.3%. After 12 months of storage, the acidity value in full-fat soy flour obtained after IDAP increased by 54%, while in the flour obtained after RBMP, it doubled. The reduction in the rate of lipid oxidation is justified by the higher content of phenolic compounds – antioxidants in the flour obtained after IDAP. The flour obtained after IDAP contains 27.4% more phenolic compounds than the flour obtained after RBMP. The impact of IDAP on the effectiveness of enzymes with different substrate specificity has been investigated. IDAP of soybeans ensures more active participation of amylolytic, cellulolytic, and proteolytic enzymes in enzymatic hydrolysis. The protein and amino acid content in hydrolysates after IDAP was higher compared to samples after RBMP. It has also been shown that in the case of IDAP of soybeans, xylanase, and a complex of xylanase and protease are necessary to obtain a higher content of soluble protein and amino acids in the hydrolysate. In the case of RBMP of soybeans, a complex of alpha-amylase and protease should be added. All the results obtained during the study demonstrate the effectiveness of IDAP of soybeans in the technology of protein hydrolysates. These findings are also applicable to the production of protein hydrolysates from other legumes and cereals.

Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles using Extract of Cynodon dactylon and Assessment of their Biological Activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Nanotechnology is a groundbreaking technology that that has been widely applied in creating materials which are useful in various fields. It's important to maintain eco-friendly approaches for synthesis of nanoparticles by diversifying the substrate sources. In this study, the researchers used aqueous extract of Cynodon dactylon to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). Quantitative phytochemical analysis of the extract showed high concentrations of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, and phenolic compounds. In contrast, moderate concentrations of tannins, oils, and fats, and low concentrations of phlorotannins, saponin, triterpenoids, and cardiac glycosides were found. Sterols, anthraquinone glycosides, gums, and mucilages were not detected in the extract. The synthesized ZnONPs showed absorbance ranging from 293 nm to 336 nm, with a peak at 307 nm. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that the surface of the ZnONPs contained alcohol (intermolecular bonded), alkyne, amine salt, alkane, alkyne, aromatic compounds, conjugated alkene, amine, nitro compound, sulfonyl chloride, alkylaryl ether, and sulfoxide. Dynamic light scatering (DLS) analysis of the ZnONPs showed that its average size was 35.34±1.64 nm, and the polydispersity index was 0.6335. Spectrum of X ray diffraction indicated that peaks formed at 2θ and their corresponding orientation planes are 31.92o (100), 34.62o (002), 36.44o (101), 47.64o (102), 56.84o (110), 63.3o (200), and 68.16o (112). Transmission electron micrograph revealed the spherical shape, and nonuniform sizes of ZnONPs, which ranged from 0.52 nm to 8.32 nm. Antibacterial analysis of biosynthesized ZnONPs recorded 16±3.2 mm and 6.0±2.2 mm; 6.7±2.1 mm and 4.33±1.3 mm, 0.0±0.0 mm and 1.0±1.41 mm, against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, at 53.3 mg/mL, 26.7 mg/mL and 13.3 mg/ml concentrations, respectively. At sub-inhibitory concentrations, biosynthesized ZnONPs demonstrated effective dose-dependent antibiofilm formation activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Consequently, extract of Cynodon dactylon is suitable for biosynthesis of ZnONPs with effective antibacterial and antibiofilm formation activities.

Enrichment of Water Bodies with Phenolic Compounds Released from Betula and Pinus Pollen in Surface Water.

Betula and Pinus pollen, which are dispersed in natural surface waters, release biologically active compounds into the water bodies. This study aims to evaluate variations in the distribution and composition of phenolic compounds in suspended particles in natural water bodies during pollen spreading. Samples taken from water bodies of different trophic levels were analyzed by microscopy, UV/VIS spectroscopy, HPTLC, and HPLC/DAD. The study revealed that the total phenolic content in water-suspended particles varied from 3.0 mg/g to 11.0 mg/g during Betula and Pinus pollen spreading. It was also observed that the surface water of dystrophic natural lakes had a higher content of phenolic compounds than the eutrophic, hypereutrophic, and mesotrophic water bodies. Chlorogenic, trans-ferulic, vanillin, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acids were frequently detected in the surface water samples. Experimental measurements have shown variations in the release of phenolic compounds from Betula pollen into water (p < 0.05). After the exhibition of pollen, the distilled water predominantly contained bioactive chlorogenic acid. Further in situ investigations are necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the function of phenolic compounds in aquatic ecosystems. The exploration of the release of bioactive compounds from pollen could provide valuable insights into the potential nutritional value of pollen as a nutrient source for aquaculture.

Integral use of grape: Clarified juice production by microfiltration and pomace flour by freeze-drying. Development of gluten-free filled cookies

Viticulture is a millenary activity, with winemaking as its primary purpose. Traditionally, by-products have been discarded or underutilized. This study explored a comprehensive use of the grape, which are rich in simple carbohydrates, vitamin C, minerals, and phenolic compounds. A filtration process involving a filter and microfiltration with membranes was employed to clarify the fruit juice. This resulted in a clear, transparent juice with reduced sugar and protein content. Meanwhile, the main by-product, the pomace which is a mixture of skin, seeds, and stalks, also contains a high content of phenolic compounds and fiber, was freeze-dried. In this context, various hydrocolloids were studied for their effectiveness in producing a powder with the desired characteristics. The grape flour obtained was characterized and used in the formulation of gluten free cookies and their filling. The sweet filled cookies exhibited higher protein, vegetable fat, and fiber content than the control cookies and were well-received in sensory evaluations. Therefore, utilizing these flours in food formulations represents an excellent opportunity to valorize waste and enhance the value of the wine industry.

Physicochemical Characteristics, Vitamin C, Total Polyphenols, Antioxidant Capacity, and Sensory Preference of Mixed Juices Prepared with Rose Fruits (Rosa rugosa) and Apple or Strawberry

One of the main factors in the poor use of rose fruits (Rosa rugosa) for juice production is the tart-sour taste of the raw material. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics (pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and colour), vitamin C, total polyphenols, antioxidant capacity only performed by DPPH assay, and sensory preference of mixed juices prepared on the basis of rose fruits (Rosa rugosa). The pH values, total acidity values, total soluble solids, and colour on the CIE L*a*b* scale of mixed juices were in the range of 3.47–3.96, 0.94–1.36 g citric acid/100 mL, 15.8–21.1 °Brix, and L* 77.46–87.38, a* 1.90–13.90, b* 30.18–54.39, respectively. The mixed juices showed high contents of total phenolic compounds (116.21–250.48 mg GAE/100 mL), total vitamin C (64.18–132.21 mg/100 mL), and DPPH scavenging capacity (30.15–39.23 µg Trolox/mL). Rose-apple juices (AC1 and AC2) were rated best for tartness and sourness (least tart—3.5 and 3.32, least sour—4.73 and 4.43 for AC1 and AC2 juice, respectively), and also for overall impression (4.93 and 4.86 for AC1 and AC2 juice, respectively). The mixed-rosa juices can be an alternative for adding nutritional value.