Higher Number Of Nodules Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF COMMERCIAL ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS AND RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION ON YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF FABA BEAN (VICIA FABA L.) AND PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.)

This research was conducted to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers and bacteria inoculation on yield and its components on pea and faba bean in Dicle University Agricultural Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey, during 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The experiment was laid out following a split-plot in completely randomized block design, with three replications. Fertilization treatments and cultivars were designed as main and sub factors, respectively. Data on plant height, plant biomass, pod weight, seed yield per plant, number of pods and number of seeds per plant, biological yield, seed yield and 100-seed weight were recorded at harvest. Number of nodules and nodule dry weight were record in flowering time. The effect of inorganic nitrogen, organic fertilizers and bacteria inoculation on grain yield, seed yield per plant, biological yield was significant at both pea and faba bean. Inorganic fertilizer (urea) was increased the grain yield (2147 kg/ha) and biological yield (4956 kg/ha) in faba bean, but close to control (2080 kg/ha and 4690 kg/ha). Organic-1, Organic-2 and bacteria treatments were decrease the grain yield and biological yield on pea and faba bean, and this decrease on pea was almost half over control. The effect of treatments on number of nodules per plant on pea and faba bean was significant. The highest number of nodules per plant on pea was in bacteria inoculation (125.9) and control (121.5), and differences among nitrogen (109.1), Organic-1 (97.3) and Organic-2 (109.3) treatments was no significant.

INFLUENCE OF POLYSACCHARIDE-PROTEIN COMPLEX ON THE EFFICIENCY OF BACTERIZATION OF SOYBEAN WITH RYZOHUMIN

Objective. Study the effect of the polysaccharide-protein complex on the efficiency of the use of the microbial preparation Ryzohumin for presowing and early bacterization of soybean seeds. Methods. Field experiment, microbiological, gas chromatography, mathematical statistics methods. Results. The influence of presowing bacterization of Suziria soybean variety on the formation of plant-microbial symbiosis with the use of Ryzohumin and simultaneous treatment of seeds with polysaccharide-protein complex (PPC) was studied. It was found that the highest number of nodules was in the variant with presowing bacterization using Ryzohumin with PPC: 4.5 times higher compared to control. In the variant with the use of PPC with early bacterization of seeds, the number of nodules on the roots of the plants was at the level of the variant with presowing bacterization using Ryzohumin (without PPC), although it was lower than the variant with presowing bacterization with the use of PPC. The largest weight of nodules was found during presowing bacterization using Ryzohumin and PPC treatment: it was on average 5.3 times higher compared to control during the years of studies. In the study of the influence of bacterization on the nitrogen-fixing activity of soybean nodule bacteria, its growth in all variants with bacterization was established. The highest activity was observed in the variant with presowing bacterization and treatment using PPC — 6,278.0 nmol C2H4/plant per hour, which is 2.7 times higher in comparison with the control parameters (without bacterization). With the early bacterization of seeds with Ryzohumin and PPC, the activity of nitrogen fixation was at the level of the variant with pre-sowing bacterization without PPC. On average, over the three years, the yield of soybean under pre-sowing bacterization was 3.33–3.43 t/ha, which is 29.6–33.5% higher than in the control, and early bacterization with Ryzohumin and PPC treatment provided an increase of 0.68 t/ha, which is 26.5% higher than in the control. Conclusion. Bacterization with Ryzohumin and simultaneous treatment with PPC helps to increase the weight and number of nodules on the roots of soybean plants both during pre-sowing and early bacterization of seeds. Formation of effective plant-microbial symbiosis provides an increased yield of soybeans up to 33.5% compared to the control variant. At the same time, early bacterization simultaneously with PPC provides an increased yield of 26.5%. The data obtained can be used to improve soybean cultivation technologies.

Nodulação em plantas de soja (Glycine max L. Merril) submetidas a diferentes adubações

Devido a sua capacidade de fixação biológica de nitrogênio, a cultura da soja tem apresentando maiores produtividades com a inoculação de bactérias do gênero Rhizobium. Entretanto, a inoculação pode ser influenciada por diversos fatores, inclusive pelo tipo de adubação realizada. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência de diferentes adubações na nodulação e no desenvolvimento de plantas de soja. Para isso, testaram-se as adubações orgânicas, com base em esterco bovino e cama de frango, a adubação química e um tratamento testemunha, sendo eles com ou sem inoculação de Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Foram avaliadas as variáveis de altura de planta, número de folhas, massa da matéria seca de planta, número de nódulos e massa da matéria seca dos nódulos. Os tratamentos com adubação de esterco bovino apresentaram os melhores resultados em todas as variáveis analisadas, com ou sem a inoculação de sementes. O esterco bovino se apresenta como uma excelente escolha para a adubação de soja, uma vez que possibilita um maior desenvolvimento de parte aérea, sistema radicular e número de nódulos, evidenciando que poderá contribuir para um maior rendimento no final do ciclo da cultura.

The Formation of Shoots in Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana L.) Nodules From Bengkalis, Riau in Murashige Skoog and Woody Plant Medium

One of the mangosteen producers in Indonesia is Riau Province, Bengkalis regency to be exact. This mangosteen has some superiority, such as able to grow in peat swamp1). Nodules are cells that develop to become shoots only in proper nutrients and conditions. This study aimed to discover the response of mangosteen nodules (Garcinia mangostana L.) on MS and WPM media by adding BAP. This study used Completely Randomized Design using various concentrations of BAP and different media. The results of this study indicate that the best response on MS medium is the percentage of nodule formation at 1 mg / l BAP of 49.99%. The fastest callus appears on control and 5 mg/l BAP 17.25 and 6.75 days after planting (dap). The most significant number of nodules at 1 mg/l of BAP is 1.50 nodules. The callus texture is compact and crumbs with white and brown colour. The best response on WPM media is the percentage of formation of a nodule at 1 mg/l of BAP resulting 33.33%. The fastest shoots emerge at 1 mg / l BAP 13.25 dap. The highest number of nodules at 1 mg/l of BAP is 1.00 nodule, the highest leaf amount at 3 mg/l BAP was 6.75 sheets, and the highest shoot length at 5 mg / l BAP is 1.32 cm. The texture callus compact and crumb with white colour.

Long-term outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma that underwent chemoembolization for bridging or downstaging.

BACKGROUNDProspective study of 200 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that underwent liver transplant (LT) after drug-eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) for downstaging versus bridging. Overall survival and tumor recurrence rates were calculated, eligibility for LT, time on the waiting list and radiological response were compared. After TACE, only patients within Milan Criteria (MC) were transplanted. More patients underwent LT in bridging group. Five-year post-transplant overall survival, recurrence-free survival has no difference between the groups. Complete response was observed more frequently in bridging group. Patients in DS group can achieve post-transplant survival and HCC recurrence-free probability, at five years, just like patients within MC in patients undergoing DEB-TACE.AIMTo determine long-term outcomes of patients with HCC that underwent LT after DEB-TACE for downstaging vs bridging.METHODSProspective cohort study of 200 patients included from April 2011 through June 2014. Bridging group included patients within MC. Downstaging group (out of MC) was divided in 5 subgroups (G1 to G5). Total tumor diameter was ≤ 8 cm for G1, 2, 3, 4 (n = 42) and was > 8 cm for G5 (n = 22). Downstaging (n = 64) and bridging (n = 136) populations were not significantly different. Overall survival and tumor recurrence rates were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Additionally, eligibility for LT, time on the waiting list until LT and radiological response were compared.RESULTSAfter TACE, only patients within MC were transplanted. More patients underwent LT in bridging group 65.9% (P = 0.001). Downstaging population presented: higher number of nodules 2.81 (P = 0.001); larger total tumor diameter 8.09 (P = 0.001); multifocal HCC 78% (P = 0.001); more post-transplantation recurrence 25% (P = 0.02). Patients with maximal tumor diameter up to 7.05 cm were more likely to receive LT (P = 0.005). Median time on the waiting list was significantly longer in downstaging group 10.6 mo (P = 0.028). Five-year post-transplant overall survival was 73.5% in downstaging and 72.3% bridging groups (P = 0.31), and recurrence-free survival was 62.1% in downstaging and 74.8% bridging groups (P = 0.93). Radiological response: complete response was observed more frequently in bridging group (P = 0.004).CONCLUSIONTumors initially exceeding the MC down-staged after DEB-TACE, can achieve post-transplant survival and HCC recurrence-free probability, at five years, just like patients within MC in patients undergoing DEB-TACE.

Trough Levels of Everolimus Are Associated With Recurrence Rates of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Liver Transplantation

PurposeEverolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, may have a protective role on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after liver transplantation (LT), but data regarding the impact of its trough serum levels on HCC recurrence are missing. MethodsFifty-five patients (43 men, age 55 ± 8 years) who underwent LT for HCC were evaluated. Several demographic and clinical variables were recorded, including radiological and histological characteristics of HCC as well as dosages and trough levels of immunosuppressive regimens. ResultsHCC recurrence occurred in 11 (20%) patients: 5 (25%) of 20 patients under calcineurin inhibitors and 6 (17%) of the 35 patients under everolimus (P = .48). The patients with HCC recurrence (n = 11, group 1), compared to those without recurrence (n = 44, group 2), had significantly more frequent HCC in the explant: outside Milan criteria (P = .001), microvascular invasion (P < .001), and higher number of nodules (P = .001). In multivariate analysis, microvascular invasion was the only independent factor significantly associated with HCC recurrence (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.4–10.5, P = .03). Among the patients who received everolimus-based immunosuppression, the recipients with HCC recurrence, compared to those without HCC recurrence, had significantly lower mean trough levels of everolimus at 7–12 months post-LT (3.9 vs 5.9 ng/mL, P = .001), while the patients with mean trough levels of everolimus >6 ng/mL had decreased HCC recurrence rates (log rank: 2.3, P = .007). ConclusionsWe found for the first time mean concentrations of everolimus between 7–12 months post-LT as the only modifiable variable related with HCC recurrence in LT recipients. However, larger studies are needed for final conclusions.

Evaluating the Effect of Bacterial Inoculation and Fertilization on the Soil Nutrient Status of Coal Mine Soil by Growing Soybean (Glycine max) and Shrub Lespedeza (Lespedeza bicolor)

Revegetation with fast-growing N-fixing leguminous plants can be an alternate for reclamation of degraded coal mining areas. Selection of appropriate plant species is an important factor in deciding the success in the remediation of mine spoil. Thus, this study was carried out in greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effect of two N-fixing leguminous plant seedlings, soybean (Glycine max) and shrub lespedeza (Lespedeza bicolor), on the available N and other soil nutrients (P, K, Ca, and Mg) of the experimental coal mine soil. Four treatments, including T0—non-fertilized non-inoculation (control), T1—fertilization, T2—bacterial inoculation, and T3—combination of fertilization and bacterial inoculation with three replications were applied to both plants. Concentration of NH4+-N and NO3−-N increased significantly in the soil at different treatments for both soybean and shrub lespedeza, as compared to control, but apart from control no significant difference was observed between other treatments of increased NH4+-N for soybean and increased NO3−-N for shrub lespedeza. The highest number of nodules and dry weight of nodule per plant (g) was recorded 5.73 and 1.8, respectively in soybean, and 7.77 and 2.76, respectively, in shrub lespedeza with bacteria-inoculated treatment (T2), whereas fertilized treatment (T1) produced the lowest number of nodule and dry weight of nodule in both plants. Increasing of available P and K was significantly high when NPK fertilizer was applied to the plants but decreased at other treatments. Therefore, it can be concluded that soybean and shrub lespedeza have a significant role in changing soil nutrient status in coal mining soil through fertilizer application and biological N fixation.

ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND INOCULUM FORMULATION OF NODULE FORMING BACTERIA OF KUDZU (Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.)Benth.) FOR COASTAL SANDY LAND CONSERVATION

Kudzu plantation (Pueraria phaseoloides) as legume cover crop is one of alternatives in coastal sandy land conservation. The crops are known to associate with a root nodule-forming bacteria (Rhizobium sp.) which give some benefits to nutrient cycling i.e. : atmospheric N2 fixing and play role as soil conditioner; soil Nitrogen enrichment; nutrient cycling; and increasing other nutrients availability. A research to study the isolation dan bacterial inoculum multiplication from wild kudzu root nodules, compatible isolates screening and selected isolates multiplication, and examining the form, amounts and most proper inoculum application method was conducted in Greenhouse and Laboratory of Microbiology in Yogyakarta province.The research were held in four phases : (1) isolation, purification and characterization of isolates; (2) reinoculation dan compatibility testing of isolates to kudzu seeds; (3) inoculum multiplication; and (4) examination of the form, amounts and most proper inoculum application method. Physical and biochemical properties of the isolates were observed during the isolation phase. Infection and nodulation activity were observed during the reinoculation phase. Indirectly counting of the microbial numbers to obtain the cell numbers was conducted during the inoculum multiplication. While infection and nodulation activity and plant growth were observed during the inoculum testing phase.Isolates purification on Yeast Mannitol Agar + congo-red media gave 5 different isolates named RP-Etp1, RP-Etp2, RP-Etp3, RP-Etp4, RP-Etp5. The RP-Etp4 isolate had the highest compatibility to the kudzu seeds (number of effective nodules &gt;100 per plant), followed by RP-Etp5 (medium compatibility, number of effective nodules 50–100 per plant), RP-Etp1 and RP-Etp3 (low compatibility, number of effective nodules &lt; 10). Isolate RP-Etp2 was incompatible to the kudzu.Optimum cell numbers was reached in 48 hours incubation time. Application of broth/liquid inoculum of Rhizobium sp. has advantages over solid inoculum (in peat) as it gives the highest number of nodules, and the optimum dosage was 2 – 4 ml per plant. The highest infection-nodulation activity and plant growth were reached in 4 ml inoculum per plant (direct application) or 2 ml inoculum per plant (weekly applied in two weeks).

Improvement of soybean grain nutritional quality under foliar inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense strain Az39

Legumes depend on biological nitrogen fixation through symbiosis with rhizobia to meet their nitrogen requirements. Certain plant growth promoting rizobacteria such as Azospirillum may cooperate in the establishment and maintenance of effective legume-rhizobia symbiosis. The aim of this work was to assess if foliar inoculation of soybean with Azospirillum brasilense Az39 has advantages over inoculation with this bacterium at sowing in combination with Bradyrhizobium japonicum E109 inoculation. To test this, glasshouse and field experiments were carried out. Higher shoot biomass was observed at V6 and R2 stages under foliar inoculation of A. brasilense Az39 as compared to coinoculation at sowing. Additionally, increased root dry biomass and higher nodule number and nodule fresh weight per plant were found at V6. Leghemoglobin levels in nodules were significantly greater in foliar-inoculated plants at both stages (V6 and R2) as compared with seed-inoculated plants. In line with these positive effects of foliar inoculation with A. brasilense Az39 on soybean growth and nodulation, grains harvested from foliar-inoculated plants had higher nitrogen and protein contents than those harvested from plants coinoculated at sowing. This was corroborated for two soybean varieties cultivated at two different locations. Our findings may open new insights into soybean agricultural technology.

Ensuring patient safety when implementing a new diagnostic pathway for thyroid nodules.

Introduction The aim of this study was to determine whether ultrasound alone is sufficient to safely exclude malignancy in thyroid nodules in a district general hospital setting, to comply with the latest British Thyroid Association guidelines. Methods This retrospective study investigated the quality of ultrasound reporting and the correlation between ultrasound report and histology for individual thyroid nodules. Cases were selected from the thyroid multidisciplinary meeting and included all patients having undergone surgery for a thyroid malignancy in a one-year period. Results Forty-seven patients were included in the study. Ultrasound reports were reviewed and assessed, in which 21 clinicians were involved; 36% of scans included a summary of whether the nodule(s) overall appeared benign, equivocal, suspicious or malignant; 4% of reports included a U classification; 81% of reports commented on cervical lymph nodes. Ultrasound was compared with histology. The sensitivity of ultrasound in correctly identifying nodules requiring further investigation was of 56% and specificity was 81%. Positive predictive value was 81% and negative predictive value was 56%. Discussion These findings suggest that, in a district general hospital setting without a dedicated head and neck radiologist, using only ultrasound and limiting fine-needle aspiration cytology to identify suspicious nodules may not be safe, as a high number of nodules appearing benign on ultrasound may ultimately prove to be malignant.

Yield enhancement and phosphorus economy in lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) with integrated use of phosphorus, Rhizobium and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

ABSTRACTThe study evaluated the effects of phosphorus (0, 20, 30, and 40 kg P2O5 ha−1) and biofertilizers [Rhizobium (Rhizobium leguminosarum bv viciae), plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) (Pseudomonas fluorescens), Rhizobium + PGPR, and uninoculated control] in lentil. Application of 40 kg P2O5 ha−1 resulted in the highest number of nodules, nodule dry weight, leghemoglobin content in nodules, chlorophyll content, yield attributes, and grain yield. Coinoculated treatment performed better than uninoculated control, and individual inoculations of Rhizobium and PGPR in terms of all above mentioned parameters. Application of 20 kg P2O5 ha−1 + Rhizobium inoculation gave statistically similar and 20 kg P2O5 ha−1 + Rhizobium + PGPR inoculation gave significantly higher grain yield than that by 40 kg P2O5 ha−1 alone. The use of Rhizobium alone and Rhizobium + PGPR consortium can save not only 20 kg P2O5 ha−1 but also increase the grain yield of lentil.

Generalized mixed linear modeling approach to analyze nodulation in common bean inbred lines

Abstract: The objective of this work was to compare distributions for the modeling of the number and dry matter weight of nodules (DWN) of Rhizobium from different inoculants in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) inbred lines subjected to nitrogen doses, as well as to identify the best inoculant for those lines. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, arranged in split-split plots, with three factors - four inbred lines, five nitrogen doses (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg ha-1), and three inoculants (CIAT 899, UFLA 02-100, and peat) - and four replicates. The number of nodules and their dry matter weight were analyzed with the generalized linear mixed modeling approach. The highest number of nodules was obtained with the CIAT 899 inoculant, at the dose of 20 kg ha-1 N (260 nodules), followed by UFLA 02-100, at 80 kg ha-1 (109 nodules), and peat alone at 20 kg ha-1 (98 nodules). The DWN with CIAT 899 exceeded in 0.66 g the DWN with UFLA 02-100, and in 0.95 g the DWN obtained without inoculation (inoculated with peat alone). The use of the negative binomial distribution and of the gamma distribution is a simple way to control data overdispersion of the nodule number and data underdispersion of DWN, respectively.

Development of environmental friendly bioinoculate for peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) production in Eastern Ethiopia

BackgroundBacterial bioinoculate is one of environmentally friendly input for crop production. Several works revealed that effectiveness of Rhizobium bioinoculant have been affected by the native rhizobia population. Hence, this study was initiated to evaluate the effect of selected Bradyrhizobium in nodulating peanut in the major growing areas of Ethiopia.MethodsThe effect of eight effective Bradyrhziobium vis-a-vis 20 kg N ha−1 and the control check on the nodulation and yield of two peanut cultivars (Sedi and Werer 942) at Babile and Fedis, eastern Ethiopia, during 2013 cropping season was evaluated.ResultsThe results showed that the inoculation, location and cultivar and their two and three ways interaction had a significant influence on the nodulation and grain yield. Inoculation of Bradyrhizobium increased the nodule number, nodule dry weight, number of seeds per plants, total pods weight, hundred seeds weight, total biomass yield, grain yield and shelling % up to 37, 24.9, 22.4, 22.5, 5.5, 26.2, 35.8 and 24.1%, respectively. Isolate HUGNR-29 was found to be more effective as it scored the highest nodule dry weight and grain yield. Application of inorganic N increased the yield and yield components of peanut in either of locations. Though the statistically better effective nodule % was recorded at Babile, significantly higher nodule number, nodule dry weight, and total N accumulation were obtained from Fedis than Babile site. Significantly higher total pods weight, hundred seeds weight, total biomass weight, grain yield and total plant N accumulation was recorded with the cultivar werer-962 than those produced with Bati-Sedi.ConclusionsThe result showed that Bradyrhizobium inoculation is essential to improve the peanut production through environmentally and economically sustainable ways though the soil native rhizobia nodulating peanut was high. Peanut cultivar and study site based rhizobia inoculant development is also important.

Abstract LB-243: Precision medicine: Lung biomarkers

Abstract More than half of all new lung cancer diagnoses are made in patients with locally advanced or metastatic disease, at which point therapeutic options are scarce. It is anticipated, however, that the widespread use of Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) screening, will lead to a greater proportion of lung cancers being diagnosed at an early, operable, stage. Still, the overall rate of recurrence for surgically treated Stage I lung cancer patients is up to 30% within 5 years of diagnosis. Thus, the identification and clinical application of biomarkers of early stage lung cancer are a pressing medical need. The integrative analysis of "omic," clinical and epidemiological data for single patients is a core principle of precision medicine. Through rigorous bioinformatics and statistical analyses we have identified biomarkers of early-stage lung cancer based on DNA methylation, expression of mRNA and miRNA, inflammatory cytokines, and urinary metabolites. Beyond a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular taxonomy of lung cancer, these biomarkers can have very practical implications in the context of unmet clinical needs of early stage lung cancer patients: First, current guidelines for LDCT screening broadly include individuals based on age and history of heavy smoking. Tumor-derived circulating biomarkers in the blood and urine associated with lung cancer risk could narrow and prioritize individuals for LDCT screening. Second, a high number of nodules are identified by LDCT, of which fewer than 5% are finally diagnosed as lung cancer. Biomarkers may help discriminate malignant nodules from benign or indolent lesions. Third, the expected rise in the numbers of lung cancer patients diagnosed at an early stage will necessitate new treatment options. Circulating, urinary and tissue-based biomarkers that molecularly categorize Stage I patients after tumor resection can help identify high-risk patients who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy or innovative immunotherapy regimens.

Cyanobacterial and rhizobial inoculation modulates the plant physiological attributes and nodule microbial communities of chickpea.

The present investigation aimed to understand the influence of two plant growth promoting cyanobacterial formulations (Anabaena-Mesorhizobium ciceri biofilm and Anabaena laxa), along with Mesorhizobium ciceri, on the symbiotic performance of five each of desi- and kabuli-chickpea cultivars. Inoculation with cyanobacterial formulations led to significant interactions with different cultivars, in terms of fresh weight and number of nodules, the concentration of nodular leghemoglobin, and the number of pods. The inoculant A. laxa alone was superior in its performance, recording 30-50% higher values than uninoculated control, and led to significantly higher nodule number per plant and fresh root weight, relative to the M. ciceri alone. Highest nodule numbers were recorded in the kabuli cultivars BG256 and BG1003. The kabuli cultivar BG1108 treated with the biofilmed Anabaena-M. ciceri inoculant recorded the highest concentration of leghemoglobin in nodules. These inoculants also stimulated the elicitation of defense- and pathogenesis-related enzymes in both the desi and kabuli cultivars, by two to threefolds. The analyses of Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles revealed that microbial communities in nodules were highly diverse, with about 23 archaeal, 9 bacterial, and 13 cyanobacterial predominant phylotypes observed in both desi and kabuli cultivars, and influenced by the inoculants. Our findings illustrate that the performance of the chickpea plants may be significantly modulated by the microbial communities in the nodule, which may contribute towards improved plant growth and metabolic activity of nodules. This emphasizes the promise of cyanobacterial inoculants in improving the symbiotic performance of chickpea.

Effect of genotypes-Rhizobium-environment interaction on nodulation and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in eastern Ethiopia

BackgroundEffectiveness of Rhizobium inoculation is determined by common bean genotypes. Environmental factors also affect common bean genotypes-Rhizobium-symbiosis. The effect of common bean genotypes-Rhizobium strains-environment interaction on nodulation and common bean production is not well studied. Three genotypes (Dursitu, Gofta, and Kufanzik) and eight selected isolates of common bean nodulating-rhizobia with N-fertilized and control check were used for field experiments at four locations (Babile, Fedis, Haramaya, and Hirna) to evaluate the effect of genotypes-Rhizobium strains-environment interaction on the nodulation, yield and yield traits of common bean. The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications.ResultsThis study revealed that Rhizobium inoculation, the genotypes, environment and their interaction significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected all investigated traits of common bean. Common bean genotypes Rhizobium inoculation and experimental locations significantly affected nodule number (NN) and nodule dry weight (NDW). The highest NN and NDW as compared to the uninoculated control across locations were recorded with the genotype Dursitu in all inoculation treatments. However, the result revealed the lowest mean total biomass (TBY) and grain yield (GY) over locations with the same genotype Dursitu. The highest mean grain yields of 3358.89, 3257.82, 1499.25 and 2204.82 kg ha−1 across the treatments were recorded at Haramaya, Hirna, Babile and Fedis sites, respectively, with the genotype Gofta, thereby implying that there was none specificity between common bean genotypes × locations in the study locations of eastern Ethiopia with tested common bean genotypes. None of the tested isolates produced statistically better NN, NDW, TBY, GY and total plant N accumulation consistently in all locations with all tested common bean genotypes, indicating the presence of Rhizobium strains × location specificity.ConclusionTherefore, the result showed the need for a specific strain of Rhizobium development for common bean production in different locations.

Effect of foliar application of seaweed saps on chemical soil quality, growth and yield of black gram

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate impact of seaweed (Kappaphycus sp. and Gracilaria sp.) saps on chemical soil health, growth and yield of Vigna mungo. Foliar application of saps was carried out 35 days after sowing and at flowering with four concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 and 15%) of K-sap and G-sap separately, 7.5% of K-sap + 50% RDF and control. At harvest, highest build up of organic carbon was recorded due to 15% K-sap foliar application while highest available N was observed due to 10 and 15% K-sap. Foliar application of 7.5% K-sap + 50% RDF and 5% G-sap supported the highest available P and K in soil at harvest, respectively. At flowering, highest nodule number of 43 plant−1 was recorded due to 5% G-sap. Foliar application of seaweed saps at various concentrations, except 2.5%, enhanced the grain yield by 27.43% over control. The foliar application of 7.5% K-sap + 50% of RDF also produced the 25.73% higher grain yield over control which was at par with those of other treatments, saving 50% of chemical fertilizers vis-a-vis environmental pollution

Effectiveness of Rhizobium inoculation on common bean productivity as determined by inherent soil fertility status

Field experiments at Haramaya, Hirna, Fedis, and Babillae sites were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of selected isolates of rhizobia on the common bean production using eight selected isolates of rhizobia with a control check and N fertilized (20 kg N ha-1) treatments. The treatment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and three common bean varieties (Kufanzik, Gofta, and Dursitu).Analysis of variance revealed that inoculation, common bean varieties and their interaction significantly influenced most of the investigated yield and yield traits of common bean. Most of the tested Rhizobium isolates significantly increased the nodule number (NN) and nodule dry weight (NDW) as compared to the control check. Of the tested isolates, a higher number remarkably improved the remaining investigated traits in Hirna and Haramaya sites when compared to the Fedis and Babillae sites. In the Babillae site, N fertilization resulted in the highest NDW, total biomass yield (TBY), and grain yield (GY) of common bean. The GY increases due to inoculation of NSCBR-14 at Haramaya and Hirna sites, N fertilization at Babillae and NSCBR-31 at the Fedis site were 775.5, 609.7, 506.3, and 400.9 kg ha-1 over the uninoculated treatments of the corresponding experimental sites, respectively. The highest NN, NDW, and plant N concentration was recorded with Dursitu while the highest GY and TBY were obtained from Kufanzik. Therefore, inherent soil fertility and the prevailed environmental factors affect the effectiveness of the inoculated isolates in enhancing common bean production in the study sites.

Comparative Evaluation of Medium Maturity Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) in Anyigba, Kogi State

A field experiment was conducted during the 2015 cropping season at the Kogi State University Students Demonstration Farm, Anyigba North Central Nigeria to assess the performance of six medium maturity soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill) varieties for yield and yield components. These varieties were TGX 1440 – 1E, TGX 1479 – 1E, TGX 1670 - 1F, TGX 1805 – 33F, TGX 1807 – 19E, and samsoy -2. The experiment was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three times. Significant differences were observed among the varieties on a number of parameters examined. TGX 1807 – 19E gave on the average significantly higher number of nodules / plant, number of seeds / pod, number of seeds/plant and the grain yield/ha than the other varieties investigated. It recorded a total grain yield of 1063.3 kg/ha.TGX 1479 – 1E significantly produced the highest 100 – seed weight of 17.65kg Samsoy -2 was found to be the most unsuitable in the study area.

Influence of Management Practices on Selected Cowpea Growth Attributes and Soil Organic Carbon

&lt;p&gt;Cowpea is a multi-purpose nitrogen fixing crop that can be grown as a vegetable, grain legume and a fodder. The objectives of this study were to investigate the growth response of cowpea to different cropping systems at different locations and determine nitrogen fertilization on cowpea growth and soil organic carbon content. Three cropping systems were used, namely, maize-cowpea rotation, cowpea monocropping and maize-cowpea intercropping at three locations (Potchefstroom, Taung, and Rustenburg) in South Africa during 2011/12 and 2012/13 planting seasons. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at two rates where no application was the control at all locations and application according to soil analysis recommendation for maize requirement was applied at each location. The variables measured for cowpea growth were days to 100% flowering and physiological maturity, number of leaves and nodules per cowpea plant. Soil organic carbon was determined for each treatment. The results showed that, maize-cowpea rotation and monocropping reached days to 100% flowering and maturity significantly earlier compared to intercropping. Cowpea planted at Potchefstroom and Rustenburg reached days to 100% flowering and physiological maturity significantly earlier than cowpea planted at Taung. Cowpea planted at Taung had significantly higher number of nodules per plant than cowpea planted at Potchefstroom and Rustenburg. There was also a positive correlation between soil organic carbon and cowpea growth. It is concluded that the positive effect of cowpea in agronomic systems is enhanced by the correct cropping system, although it is affected by location.&lt;/p&gt;