High Fertility Rates Research Articles

ENTOMOLOGICAL SENSORS FOR CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES OF CROP CULTIVATION IN FIELD CROP ROTATIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

In 2010-2022, in the field crop rotations of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, using the latest chemicals, the peculiarities of biology, ecology and distribution of soil and other harmful arthropod species were clarified. In particular, the technologies for the production of high-quality grain through the use of tank mixtures of plant protection products and relatively high rates of fertilizers influenced the formation of the structure of the entomocomplex with the prevalence of certain species of grasshoppers, blackflies, scoopers and plateworms. According to the phenophases of cultivated plants, this feature was accompanied by both the state of bioresources and crop production technologies in general with the optimisation of phytosanitary, environmental and economically sound resource-saving methods of phytophage number control. It has been established that in cultural ecosystems with intensive technologies as part of modern biological resources, the number of organisms, both flora and fauna, in particular, harmful insect phytophages, changes significantly in the early stages of formation and development of grain crops. During the years of observation, it was noted that the biodiversity of agrocenoses is quite numerous in terms of species and quantity, mainly against the background of organic-mineral systems and under conditions of relatively low rates of fertiliser application. This makes it possible to model such processes using entomological and zoological objects as sensors, in particular from the standpoint of systematic monitoring and forecasting, as well as sustainable management on a resource-saving basis. At the same time, the long-term dynamics of the factors of entomocomplexes formation was taken into account, with the influence of basic and fractional feeding systems, soil cultivation and measures to protect cereals and other crops being clarified, and the dominant species were identified from the theological point of view. Based on the results of the research, some biocenotic relationships of cultivated plants and their pests under different nutrition systems of wheat, corn, soybeans, chickpeas, sunflower in periods of drought and relatively optimal weather conditions were clarified, with the levels of trophic chains of primary and secondary cenoses determined. The structure of arthropods under the latest systems of liquid fertiliser application was clarified, as well as the impact of tank mixtures of agrochemicals on the migration and survival of phytophagous insects in short rotation crop rotations was assessed. The new parameters of grain crop protection systems with biologically oriented complexes based on entomological and zoological test objects of the factors of crop production intensification are substantiated.

UZBEKISTAN: PROBLEMS OF CURRENT MODERNIZATION OF WATER MANAGEMENT AND AGRICULTURE

The situation with a shortage of water and land resources in Uzbekistan cannot be called critical, but it is close to it. Given the growing shortage of water and fertile land in the republic, quite effective measures are being implemented and planned to save them. They are commensurate with the capabilities of the state. The safety margin from the inevitable impact of negative natural phenomena related to climate change is built in. Nevertheless, it remains unclear how the growth of water and farmland shortages can be stopped on its own together with increasing consumption and turnout against the background of high fertility rates and unresolved water and land problems with neighbors. However, such a puzzle faces all the states of Central Asia .

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Contraceptive Use among Postpartum Women in Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma Town, South West Ethiopia

Population growth remains high in the group of 48 countries designated by the United Nations as the least developed countries (LDCs), of which 27 are in Africa. Ethiopia, the second most populous country in Africa, still has high fertility rate (4.6 children per woman) and fast population growth rate. Despite the enormous benefits of using modern contraceptive methods, the utilization of contraceptives remains low in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia.

Pandangan Hak Asasi Manusia Terhadap Kebijakan Two Child Policy Presiden Xi-Jinping

People’s Republic of China (PRC) is one of the biggest countries in terms of its population. Which was the result of its people’s high fertility rate. The high rate of fertility creates an influx of birthrate, thus, increasing the population by a lot. But at the same time, it raises a new problem: China's economy can’t sustain the overly-grown population. China came with a new two-child policy, a policy dedicated to limiting the number of children a household could give birth to, a solution to cut out the influx of population. This, of course, sparked a wave of criticisms from the Western world. The West viewed; China’s policy as a breach of Human Rights as it limits its people’s freedom to give birth. This study uses a qualitative method which is descriptive analysis. The concept used is the concept of individual freedom in the form of Positive Liberty (positive freedom) and Negative Liberty (negative freedom). The results of the study, namely the Two-Child Policy, actually hurt human rights because people were forced to pay taxes if they had a second child with a value of almost 100 million rupiahs which eventually encouraged women to have abortions and sterilization. This policy also creates problems for those who wish to have more children. This policy is believed to be President Xi Jinping's effort to anticipate the slack in the Chinese labor supply due to the declining productive age population, so basically, this policy was issued not to side with human rights, but to safeguard China's economic interests

Maturation and Fecundity of Barbus cyclolepis from the Stryama River of the Maritsa River Drainage Basin in Bulgaria

A field-based study of the reproductive aspects of Round-scaled barbel biology took place in the Stryama River, during the autumnal season of the period 2010–2011. This is the first study of the reproduction of this species. A total of 202 Round-scaled barbels were caught by electrofishing. The study found that both sexes reach sexual maturity in their second year. Females became sexually mature, once they reach 94 mm length and 13 g weight. Males became sexually mature once they reach 60 mm length and 12 g weight. Fecundity ranged from 460 to 18.420 eggs. Average fecundity was 6.944 eggs. Absolute fertility was positively correlated with the growth of fish length and mass. Consequently, five years old fish had the highest fertility rate. The average values of relative fecundity were 210 eggs per kilo. The reproductive parameters are an indicator of the growth conditions of the river, as well as the reproductive patterns and state of the fish population. The population parameters, established by this study, now represent a reference point, enabling a monitoring of the species’ population dynamics.

Oke-Ibadan Festival and the Ethnography of Aboke people of Ibadan

This study examines Oke-Ibadan festival and the ethnography of Aboke people of Ibadan. The objectives of the study are to document the cultural identity, fashion, family life-style, crafts, and hobbies of Aboke people; and, also, ascertain the significance of Oke-Ibadan festival to Aboke’s at home and abroad. Two sociological perspectives which include structural-functionalism and symbolic interactionism were used to provide a theoretical context for the study. The study adopts exploratory survey design which includes purposive and convenience sampling techniques. Thirty-five (35) participants were selected for the study. The instruments used in eliciting information from the participants were in-depth interview (IDI) guide and focus group discussion (FGD) guide, while the responses were gathered with the aid of electronic gadget such as the audio recorder. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, content analysis, and ethnography summary. The finding revealed that Aboke people have a unique cultural identity among other ethnic groups in Yorubaland. Their cultural identity as attested to by the participants include; hosting of Oke-Ibadan festival, retaining tribal mark, production of traditional/black soap for the cure of measles, narrating folk stories to the young generation in order to encourage high fertility rate, unique dress code, and acceptable physical appearance.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate modulator supplementation on in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes

Study evaluated the role of cAMP modulator (Forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1- methyl xanthine) supplementation on developmental competence of bovine oocytes. Cumulus oocyte complexes recovered from bovine ovaries of unknown reproductive status were used for the study. Oocytes retrieved by aspiration method were graded based on cumulus cell distribution and culture grade oocytes were selected for the study. A total of 414 culture grade oocytes were taken and divided into two groups. Group I constituted of 201 oocytes in which pre-maturation was carried out for a period of 2 h. In group II, 213 oocytes were selected in which normal maturation was carried out. Maturation was assessed after 24h of culture in CO2 incubator maintained at 38.5o C in 95 per cent humidified atmosphere of 5 per cent CO2 . Fertilisation was carried out using frozen thawed semen and the presumptive zygotes were then transferred to culture media and cleavage was assessed 48 h after insemination. A significantly higher maturation rate (p ?0.05) was observed in group I compared to group II (86.85 ± 1.19 vs 79.88 ± 2.67). There was a highly significant increase (p ?0.01) in cleavage rate in group I (65.92 ± 1.23) compared to group II (59.29 ± 1.50). A higher fertilisation rate was observed in group I (75.35 ± 1.19) than group II (71.88 ± 2.56). It could be concluded that pre-maturation with cAMP modulators improved the developmental competence of bovine oocytes.

Spatial distribution and factors associated with modern contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis.

BackgroundEvidence suggests that in countries with high fertility and fecundity rates, such as Nigeria, the promotion of modern contraceptive use prevents approximately 32% and 10% of maternal and child mortality, respectively. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of modern contraceptive use and its predictors among women of reproductive age in Nigeria.MethodsThe study employed a cross-sectional analysis of population-based data involving 24,281 women of reproductive age in Nigeria. The study adopted both multilevel and spatial analyses to identify the predictors of modern contraceptive use and its spatial clustering among women in Nigeria.ResultsModern contraceptive use among the study population in Nigeria ranged from 0% to 75%, with regional variations. The spatial analysis showed that areas with a low proportion of modern contraceptive use were Sokoto, Yobe, Borno, Katsina, Zamfara, Kebbi, Niger, Taraba and Delta. Areas with a high proportion of modern contraceptive use were Lagos, Oyo, Osun, Ekiti, Federal capital territory, Plateau, Adamawa, Imo, and Bayelsa. The multilevel analysis revealed that at the individual level, women with secondary/higher education, women from the Yoruba ethnic group, those who had four children and above, and those exposed to mass media had higher odds of using modern contraceptives. On the other hand, women who were 35 years and above, those who were married, and women who were practicing Islam were less likely to use modern contraceptives. At the household/community level, women from the richest households, those residing in communities with medium knowledge of modern contraceptive methods, and women residing in communities with a high literacy level were more likely to use modern contraceptives.ConclusionThere were major variations in the use of modern contraception across various regions in Nigeria. As a result, areas with low contraceptive rates should be given the most deserving attention by promoting contraceptive education and use as well as considering significant factors at the individual and household/community levels.

Post-Migration Fertility in Southern Europe: Romanian and Moroccan women in Italy and Spain

This paper seeks to analyse migrant women’s reproductive behaviour in two countries with the lowest fertility rates, namely, Italy and Spain. We assess differences in migrant fertility patterns according to country of origin by comparing the post-migration motherhood of Moroccan and Romanian women. We have used data from the “2007 National Immigrant Survey” (INE) and the ”2011-2012 Survey on Social Integration and Condition among Foreign Citizens” (ISTAT) to adopt an event-history approach to the factors that affect the birth of the first child after migration. Specifically, we focus on marital status upon arrival and on the number of previous children, controlling in turn for the women’s socioeconomic circumstances. The results show, firstly, that Moroccan women have a higher fertility rate than Romanians in both countries. Secondly, the risk of the first birth shortly after migration is higher among childless and married women, and this probability remain high even for women from Morocco with children. Thirdly a cross-country comparison reveals that the results related to childbearing patterns are similar.

Determinants of Disparity in Desired Fertility among Married Women in Urban and Rural Areas of Southwest Nigeria.

Purpose: The study examined the determinants of disparity in desired fertility among married women in urban and rural centres in Southwest Nigeria.
 Methodology: The study adopted a mixed method research design. A total number of one thousand one hundred and eighty-seven (1,187) women (urban=713; rural=474) of reproductive ages (15-49) years were drawn from Southwest States in Nigeria using multi-stage sampling technique. Questionnaire method was used to gather data from the field. Three levels of data analysis were undertaken to achieve the study objectives. Frequency distribution of socio-demographic factors by place of residence was used at the univariate stage of analyses, chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used at the bivariate and multivariate levels of analysis.
 Findings: The results showed that more than three-quarter (79.4%) desired four children and below while more than one-fifth (20.6%) of the women desired 5 children and above. Higher percentage of women (84.8%) desired four children and below in rural area when compared with women in urban centres (75.7%). However, among those that desired 5 children and above higher proportion (24.3%) was found in the urban centres when compared with their counterpart in rural areas (15.2%). There is significant relationship (p<0.05) between desired number of children and education of women, husband’s education, religion, age of husband and birth interval urban areas while there is significant relationship between desired number of children and women and husbands’ education in rural areas. Further analysis showed that women’s education especially women with below secondary education had higher odds of desiring more children than those with post-secondary education (OR: 1.57; 95% C.I: 0.70-3.56). In addition, women whose husbands had no education, below secondary education and secondary education were less likely to desire more children in the urban areas than those with post-secondary education. In rural areas, there was significant relationship (p<0.05) between women whose husbands had no education, below secondary education and desired fertility. Women whose husbands had no education and those whose husbands had below secondary education were 16.94 and 2.93 more likely to desire more children than those in the reference category respectively. In addition, women who were Christian were more likely to desire more children in urban areas than their counterparts who were traditionalists. It was also discovered that women who spaced their births for twenty-four months and below were 0.51 times less likely to desire more children than their counterparts in the reference category (OR:0.51; 95%C.I 0.32-0.80).
 Recommendation: The study recommends that policy aimed at reducing the desired fertility in both urban and rural areas should be implemented with the hope that high fertility rate will be reduced to a manageable level.

Quality of life and long-term clinical outcome following robot-assisted radical trachelectomy

Quality of Life and long-term clinical outcome following robot-assisted radical trachelectomy. ObjectivesTo evaluate quality of life (QoL) and long-term clinical outcome following robot-assisted radical trachelectomy (RRT).Study Design:Prospectively retrieved clinical data were rereviewed on all women planned for a fertility sparing RRT for early stage cervical cancer at Skåne University Hospital, Sweden between 2007 and 2020. QoL was assessed using the validated questionnaires EORTC QLQ-C30, QLQ-CX24 and the Swedish LYMQOL. ResultsData was analyzed from 49 women, 42 with a finalised RRT and seven with an aborted RRT due to nodal metastases (n = 3) or insufficient margins (n = 4). At a median follow-up time of 54 months one recurrence (2%) occurred (aborted RRT). According to QLQ-C30 the median global health status score was 75. The disease specific QLQ-C24 showed an impact on symptoms related to sexual function where sexual/vaginal functioning had a median score of 25 and 48% of patients reported worry that sex would cause physical pain. Despite this the functional items sexual activity and sexual enjoyment both had a median score of 66.7. Lymphoedema was reported in 45%, where 9% reported severe symptom with an impact on their QoL. No intraoperative complications and no postoperative complications ≥ Clavien Dindo grade III were observed. Twenty-two of 28 (79%) women who attempted to conceive were successful. A metronidazole/no intercourse regimen was applied between GW 15 + 0–21 + 6 in 26 of 28 pregnancies beyond first trimester resulting in a 92% term (≥GW 36 + 0) delivery rate. ConclusionsAlthough robot-assisted radical trachelectomy in this cohort was associated with a low recurrence rate, a high fertility rate and an exceptionally high term delivery rate, women’s quality of life was affected postoperatively, particularly with regards to their sexual well-being and lymphatic side-effects.

CONTEXTUAL DETERMINANTS OF CHILDREN EVER BORN AMONG WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN SELECTED SOUTHWEST STATE IN NIGERIA.

Purpose: Sub-Saharan Africa still faces high fertility rate among other sub regions globally. This study examined the contextual determinants of children ever born (CEB) among women of reproductive age in selected Southwest states in Nigeria.
 Methodology: A total number of one thousand, one hundred and eighty-seven (1,187) women of reproductive ages (15-49) were randomly drawn from Southwest states using multi-stage sampling technique. Questionnaire method was used to collect relevant data from the field. Three levels of data analysis were undertaken to achieve the study objectives. Frequency distribution was used at the univariate level of analysis while linear regression methods were employed at the bivariate and multivariate level of analyses at 0.05 level of significance.
 Findings: The result shows that education, age at marriage and employment negatively significantly predict children ever born (CEB) while age of respondents is positively significantly related to children ever born (CEB) in Southwest Nigeria.
 Unique Contribution to Practice and Policy: Government specific policies that will encourage female education and give room for their widespread employment should be implemented to control fertility in the country.

To Evaluate Knowledge, Attitude, Practice of Natural Family Planning Method and Associated Factors among Reproductive Age Group of Women’s at Jimma Town, Jimma Zone, South West Ethiopia

Background: The high fertility rate leading to the rapid growth of country’s population is a major hindrance towards the development of a nation. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest fertility rate in the world, which is further promoted by the low utilization of contraceptive methods. Yet, many communities claim to have natural methods of family planning that pre-date the introduction of modern contraceptives, implying that contraception is a culturally acceptable norm.
 Objective: To Evaluate the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Natural family planning among reproductive age women of Jimma town, Oromia, Ethiopia.
 Methods: Across sectional community based quantitative study was done in Jimma town, among reproductive age group women from February to March; 2020. A total of3 99 sample size is calculated using single population proportion formula with a proportion (P) of 50 %.Systematic random sampling technique issued to draw the study participants among the target population. The data was collected using structured questionnaire adapted from similar and the tools modified to fit the local context. The collected data was tallied and analyzed by using scientific calculator.
 Results: From the total of 399 respondents who responded the questionnaire Majority, 90% of women in Jimma town had a good level of knowledge of natural family planning methods. A positive attitude towards natural family planning methods was seen in (68%) of the respondents.
 Conclusion: A fair level of knowledge of natural family planning methods is seen among reproductive women in Jimma town, yet differences in knowledge of specific natural family planning methods exist. Therefore, physicians and other health care providers‟ limited knowledge of and experience with Natural family planning methods inhibits broader use as reproductive age women reported getting information about NFFP methods from health providers and friends, therefore, their level of knowledge will depend largely on the information received.

Does Financial Development Contribute to Fertility Decline in Developed and Developing Countries?

The “old-age security” hypotheses propose that financial market can affect individuals’ decision to have less or more children. In previous literature, children are considered an asset and investment at low level of financial development that could bring returns and security during old age. Nevertheless, at higher level of financial development, individuals have more access to fund and opportunity for investment during old age and as a result the demand for children is less. Furthermore, increase in female labour participation rate in the economic sectors will also discourage them to have more children. The development of commercial bank and non-banking financial institutions (NBFIs) has broadened credit accessibility and investment opportunity to household over the last decades. Well-developed financial system facilitates firms to access to the credit market and enhanced production efficiency and promote increases in wages in the modern market. Household have choice to move from traditional market (low wages, high fertility rate) to work in modern sector (high wages, low fertility rate). The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of financial development on fertility for selected developed and developing countries. We employ generalized method of moment (GMM) model using annual data from 2005 to 2011. Our results found that financial development and fertility has inverse relationship for both developed and developing countries.

In the Name of the Father? Fertility, Religion, and Child Naming in the Demographic Transition.

This article shows that parents reveal information about their fertility behavior through how they name their children. I arrive at this finding from a detailed examination of the net fertility of 130,000 married couples in Ireland, a country known for its historically high fertility rate, circa 1911. After stringently accounting for couples' occupation, religion, and location, I find higher fertility rates among couples who chose distinctly Catholic names and traditional names for their children, with the latter being particularly important. Exposure to towns and cities lowered net fertility and weakened preferences for traditional and Catholic names. Cumulatively, these findings highlight the role of traditional rural norms over explicitly religious influences in driving high fertility rates in Ireland. The impact of towns and cities in reducing net fertility suggests that Ireland's sluggish urbanization was a key factor in its high historical fertility rate.

The Effects of Different Organic Feed on The Reproductive Performance of Karayaka Sheep

This research was carried out to investigate the effects of different organic feeds (1. Traditional barley (control), 2. Organic barley (OB), 3. Organic triticale (OT)) and 4. Organic corn (OC) on reproductive performance in Karayaka sheep. Trial feeds were given from 20 days before the mating with rams to 10 days after the rams were added in the pasture period of the sheep. The animals used in the experiment were 3-4 years old, their average live weight was 56±0.5 kg, and 10 heads in each trial group, a total of 40 Karayaka sheep. has been carried out. The highest fertility rate in sheep was in the organic triticale group; followed by control, organic barley and organic corn (P=0.06). According to these results, the highest lamb yield was obtained from the organic triticale group.

The effect of hosting 3.4 million refugees on native population mortality

As of the end of 2017, 3.4 million Syrian refugees lived in Turkey. These refugees left a country where the health system was utterly broken. Several studies report that Syrian refugees faced numerous diseases during their exodus, brought certain infectious diseases to the hosting communities, and have a high incidence of health care utilization. Moreover, they have much higher fertility rates than natives. We examine the effect of Syrian refugees on the health care resources in Turkey and on natives’ mortality—with a focus on infant, child, and elderly mortality. Our OLS results yield suggestive evidence of an adverse effect of the refugee shock on infant and child mortality. However, we find that this is a result of endogenous settlement patterns of refugees. Once we account for the endogeneity using a plausibly exogenous instrument, we find no evidence of an effect on native mortality for any age group. We also analyze the refugees’ pressure on the health care services in Turkey and the government's response to understand our findings on mortality outcomes.

PENGGUNAAN METODE KONTRASEPSI PADA WANITA YANG MENIKAH USIA DINI DI KECAMATAN SUKOWONO KABUPATEN JEMBER

Early marriage is marriage before a 25 year old man and a 20 year old woman. Early marriage has an impact on high fertility rates and population growth, and the risk of health problems and even death in mothers and babies. This study aims to determine the factors of use of contraception methods in women marrying early age based on intention factors, social support, personal autonomy and acting situations. This research is an analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. The samples of 107 respondents was selected by simple random sampling technique. Bivariable analysis using Chi Square Test and multivariable using logistic regression test. There was a significant relationship between intention factors, husband's social support, parents' or in-laws social support, social support from health workers, parity, accessibility of contraceptive services with use of contraception methods in women who marry early. Multivariable analysis shows that health workers' social support and parity are the factors most associated with the use of contraceptive methods in women marrying early ages. Intention, social support for husbands, parental or in-laws social support, health workers' social support, certain conditions of parity, and access to contraceptive services affect married women at an early age to use contraceptive methods.

Socio-demographic determinants of pregnancy termination among adolescent girls and young women in selected high fertility countries in sub-Saharan Africa

BackgroundMost of the unintended pregnancies that occur among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) end up in pregnancy termination. In this study, the socio-demographic determinants of pregnancy termination among AGYW (aged 15–24) in selected countries with high fertility rates in SSA were examined.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys of nine countries in SSA. The countries included are Angola, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Chad, Gambia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, and Uganda. A total of 62,747 AGYW constituted the sample size for the study. Fixed and random effects models were used to examine the determinants of pregnancy termination with statistical significance at p < 0.05.Results Higher odds of pregnancy termination were found among AGYW aged 20–24, those who were cohabiting and married, those who listened to radio and watched television at least once a week and those who lived in communities with high literacy level. Conversely, the odds of pregnancy termination were lower among AGYW with three or more births and those with secondary/higher education.ConclusionThe socio-demographic determinants of pregnancy termination among AGYW in this study were age, level of education, marital status, exposure to radio and television, parity, and community literacy level. The findings provide the needed information for designing health interventions to reduce unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions in countries with high fertility rates in SSA. It is recommended that governments and non-governmental organisations in these countries should enhance sexuality education and regular sensitization of adolescent sexual and reproductive health programmes targeted at AGYW who are at risk of pregnancy termination.

Rhizobacteria modify root architecture and improve nutrient uptake in oil palm seedlings despite reduced fertilizer

The oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the most economically important oilseeds due to the production of two types of vegetable oils: palm oil and palm kernel oil. Due to the commercial plantations expansion, its necessary to produce seedling of agronomic quality, with low cost and proper management, which express all the productive potential of this culture. The objective was to evaluate the changes in the root system, in the nutrients acquisition and allocation in oil palm seedling inoculated with rhizobacteria. The study was carried out in the field in the seedling nursery of the company Agropalma Group S/A. Treatments was C-: no inoculation with ½ fertilizer; BRM 32113: Burkholderia pyrrocinia inoculated plants with ½ fertilizer; UFRA 92: Bacillus subtilis inoculated plants with ½ fertilizer; C+: no inoculation and complete fertilization. The inoculation positively influenced the root volume with an average increase of 46.7%, 28.4% total root length, 42.5% total surface area, 43.7% average diameter, 203% number of tips and 115% ramifications when comparing the mean of BRM 32113 and UFRA 92 against the mean of C- and C+. The results showed that inoculation modified the root architecture, increased the root system, and this favored the nutrients accumulation, in addition to obtaining quality seedlings for permanent planting with low production costs, highlighting the potential of rhizobacteria as a bioinoculant in agriculture. Rhizobacteria BRM 32113 and UFRA 92 also induced an increase in nutrient accumulation in the root, root dry mass, shoot and total dry mass in oil palm seedlings, with half the fertilizer compared to the controls. Rhizobacteria can be used as a mechanism to reduce the current high rates of synthetic fertilizers, without leaving chemical residues inherent to environmental problems and without compromising plant growth and productivity.