High Voltage Gain Research Articles

A Common Grounded Voltage Quadrupler ASL/PSC Hybrid Converter With Reduced Voltage Stress

Active switched inductor (ASL) dc-dc converters have very high step-up voltage gain but practically they suffer from high voltage stress across switches because of the resonance caused by the mismatch among the inductor values and switch parameters. This paper presents a new hybrid dc-dc converter topology derived from ASL and passive switched capacitors (PSC). The proposed topology has high step up voltage gain over wide range of duty cycle. The resonance due to mismatch of parameters is eliminated. The proposed converter has low voltage stress, low current stress on circuit elements and common ground between input and output ports. The circuit configuration, operating principle and steady state analysis of the proposed converter are presented. The key performance parameters are compared with that of other high-gain dc-dc converters. A 300W laboratory prototype is developed and experimental verification is carried out for the voltage step-up from 30V to 400V. The closed-loop operation is also verified experimentally and results are presented.

A High-Voltage Gain Transformerless Grid-Connected Inverter

A High-Voltage Gain Transformerless Grid-Connected Inverter

Review on Design and Simulation of Electricity Price Fore Casting Using Artificial Neural Network

Setting the price for electricity is the main task in the reorganized power markets. Forecasting power costs well and precisely has therefore become more crucial. An ANN (Artificial Neural Network) model specifically designed for short-term forecasting of prices in restructuring electricity markets is presented in this research. The input layer, two layers that are concealed, and output layer make up the four layers of the suggested ANN model, which is a perceptron neural network. In place of traditional back propagation, the Levenberg-Marquardt back propagation (LMBP) technique is used for ANN training in order to accelerate convergence. The suggested ANN model is trained using MATLAB, and its effectiveness and performance are shown through a use in the Ontario energy market. Key Word: Fuel cell electric vehicle, high voltage gain IBC, PEMFC, MPPT, RBFN etc.

A high step-up soft-single switched converter with three coupling inductors

ABSTRACT This paper presents a new high voltage gain converter, which bases on the incorporation of the voltage multiplier cell and the switched coupled inductor technique, having low voltage stress on the switch, which is far from the output voltage. The presented topology is well suited for high step-up applications. By integrating coupled inductors and voltage multiplier cell techniques, a high step-up voltage gain is achieved. All of the semiconductor devices are switched under soft switching conditions, which reduces the switching losses significantly. The switch turns on at ZCS and turns off at ZVS. All diodes have soft-switching features and their reverse recovery problem is obviated due to the leakage inductance. The operation principles and theoretical analysis of proposed converter are presented in details. At the end, the experimental results have been taken from a laboratory prototype rated at 100 W, input voltage of 24 V, output voltage of 300 V, and switching frequency of 100 kHz.

Promotion of Processability in a p-Type Thin-Film Transistor Using a Se-Te Alloying Channel Layer.

p-type thin-film transistors (pTFTs) have proven to be a significant impediment to advancing electronics beyond traditional Si-based technology. A recent study suggests that a thin and highly crystalline Te layer shows promise as a channel for high-performance pTFTs. However, achieving this still requires specific conditions, such as a cryogenic growth temperature and an extremely thin channel thickness on the order of a few nanometers. These conditions critically limit the practical feasibility of the fabrication process. Here, we report a high-performance pTFT incorporating a 60-nm-thick highly crystalline Se-Te alloyed channel layer, produced using pulsed laser ablation at room temperature. The Se0.5Te0.5 alloy system enhances crystalline temperature and widens the band gap compared to a pure Te channel. Consequently, this approach results in a field-effect mobility of 3 cm2/V·s, with an on/off current ratio of 3 × 105, a subthreshold slope of 2.1 V/decade, and a turn-on voltage of 6.5 V, achieved through conventional annealing at 250 °C. To demonstrate its applicability in complementary circuit applications, we integrate a complementary-type inverter using a p-type Se0.5Te0.5 TFT and an n-type Al-doped InZnSnO, demonstrating a high voltage gain of 12 and a low static power consumption of 17 nW. This suggests that the Se-Te alloyed channel approach paves the way to a more straightforward and cost-effective process for Te-based pTFT devices and their applications.

Transformerless high voltage gain Y-source converter with reduced switch stress

This paper introduces a novel Y-source converter, which utilises a three winding coupled inductor and a switched inductor boost module. In contrast to the conventional layout, the Y source converter has a repositioning of the switch from the load side to the source side. The proposed design offers several notable benefits, including a substantial increase in voltage gain, reduced voltage strain on the switch, and the capability to sustain continuous input current from the power source. Additionally, it has an extensive range of adjustable duty cycle. To mitigate the core saturation of the coupled inductor, a current-obstructing capacitor is used. A detailed analysis of the suggested topology is carried out, focusing on its steady-state characteristics. The theoretical and experimental results are verified using an experimental prototype of 100 W. By evaluating and comparing its performance against state-of-the-art converters, this paper seeks to emphasise the superiority of the new modified version of the Y-source converter

Cutting-Edge Triple-Port Soft-Switching Converter for Seamless Renewable Energy Integration

Three-port converters with high voltage gain are desirable solutions for integrating renewable energy and energy storage devices into high voltage dc bus. A high gain three-port converter with soft switching is proposed in this paper, which can realize zero voltage switching (ZVS) for all switches and zero current switching (ZCS) for all diodes in various operating modes. Single coupled inductor is used to achieve high voltage gain and to reduce the voltage stress of switches so that switches with low on-resistance can be selected to reduce the conduction loss. In addition, the advantages of fewer components, higher voltage gain, and very low switch voltage stresses make the proposed converter more suitable for application in renewable energy systems than similar solutions. Various operating modes, performance analysis, design considerations, efficiency analysis, and control method of the proposed converter are discussed. A laboratory prototype with 30V renewable energy source, 48V energy storage device and 400V output is designed to verify the performance of the proposed three-port converter.

Efficient High Voltage Gain Simplified DC-DC Converter for Enhanced Solar Power Harvesting

Efficient High Voltage Gain Simplified DC-DC Converter for Enhanced Solar Power Harvesting

Optimal Power Flow in Grid Connected EV Charging System Using High Gain Sheppard-Taylor Converter

The prominence of Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor in operation of electric vehicles is significantly enormous in recent days as it owns beneficial factors like lower switching stress, higher voltage gain, optimum conversion efficiency and simple structure. Because of its advantageous features, it is preferred as suitable option for Electric Vehicle (EV) applications. The proposed approach concentrates on process of coupling electric vehicles like electric train with Photovoltaic (PV) and grid. The Interleaved Sheppard-Taylor converter is active in this system for improvising PV output in wider range to compensate grid voltage. A 3Φ Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) is implemented to feed converter output to electric vehicle, whereas 1Φ VSI assists in providing converter output to grid. For regulating switching behavior of inverter, Proportional Integral (PI)controller with hybrid Firefly assisted Artificial Bee Colony (FF-ABC) Algorithm is employed in this paper. The inverter, connected with grid allows current to flow in bidirectional mode to satisfy power demand of vehicle. The proposed PV fed grid tied electric car topology is compared with alternative interleaved topologies to demonstrate that suggested converter achieves excellent voltage gain and conversion efficiency. The entire system is validated in Matlab Simulink and system meets required power quality standard.

Large‐Area Deposition of Highly Crystalline F4‐Tetracyanoquinodimethane Thin Films by Molecular Step Templates

Theoretical studies have unequivocally determined the exceptional electron transport properties of the fluorinated tetracyanoquinodimethane (Fx‐TCNQ) family, presenting a promising avenue for the realization of high‐performance n‐channel organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). However, owing to the intrinsic low crystallinity of this class of materials, Fx‐TCNQ‐based n‐channel OTFTs have not been experimentally achieved so far. Herein, a molecular step template (MST)‐assisted method that dramatically improves the crystallinity of F4‐TCNQ thin films is reported. The MST not only lowers the nucleation barrier of F4‐TCNQ molecules along the in‐plane direction but also reduces the nucleation density. This approach facilitates the realization of compact, oriented, and highly crystalline F4‐TCNQ thin films, resulting in impressive electron mobility of up to 2.58 cm2 V−1 s−1. Notably, this achievement surpasses the electron mobility of F4‐TCNQ thin films fabricated without the MST by a factor of 107. Furthermore, the incorporation of the p‐type MST provides a novel pathway for constructing complementary inverters, showcasing a high voltage gain of 112.6 V V−1 and a substantial noise margin of 89.3% with exceptional uniformity. In this work, a general and efficient route is paved to produce high‐performance n‐channel OTFTs toward organic complementary circuits.

A novel on high voltage gain boost converter with cuckoo search optimization based MPPTController for solar PV system

Traditionally, isolated and non-isolated boost converters are used for solar photovoltaic systems (SPV). These converters have limitations such as low voltage gain, less voltage ripples, temperature dependence, high voltage stress across the switches, and being bulky in size. Besides, the solar PV system also has non-linear characteristics between I–V and P–V, and the energy yield potential is affected by partial shading phenomena. Therefore, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is being added to the SPV system to get the maximum output power under steady and dynamic climate conditions. Although the conventional MPPT has drawbacks such as less accuracy in predicting the MPP under partial shading conditions, low tracking speed, and more ripples, Hence, the research proposes a stackable single switch boost converter (SSBC) with a Cuckoo search MPPT controller for the SPV system. The efficiency of the proposed circuit topology has been compared with conventional boost converters with various MPPTs. Subsequently, the accuracy of tracking true MPPT by CSO is compared with that of PSO and FPNA. The results show, that the CMPPT with CBC has produced more ripples, whereas the BMPPT with SSBC produces ripple-free power under steady conditions. It is also observed that SSBC with BMPPT produces more power than SSBC with TMPPT. The efficiency of SSBC with BMPPT is better than other combinations. Finally, a prototype model has been developed and verified.

A switched‐capacitor‐based active‐interleaved‐network with high voltage gain

SummaryA high voltage gain characteristic is required in fuel cell vehicles to achieve voltage matching between low voltage fuel cell and high voltage DC‐link bus. In this paper, a non‐isolated high step‐up dc‐dc converter based on switched‐capacitor (SC) and active‐interleaved‐network (AIN) is proposed. The main advantages of the converter are the high voltage gain without an extremely high duty cycle, automatic current sharing of inductors, reduced input current ripple, and lower device voltage stress when compared to the topologies with the same output voltage. Detailed descriptions of the converter including operation principle and dynamic response analysis are presented in this manuscript. To verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and feasibility of the proposed converter, a 500 W prototype with 20 V input and 200 V output is built.

Unified control of high gain DC-DC converter for PV-battery hybrid system in a standalone and DC-microgrid applications

This paper presents power management and control of standalone PV and battery integrated hybrid system using high gain converter suitable for the DC Microgrid applications. The necessity of high gain DC-DC converter is raised due to generation of low output voltage of PV system. The attractive features of high gain converter are high voltage gain, continuous input current and suitability for integration of multiple input sources. The perturb and observe algorithm is used for tracing the maximum power point from solar and intermittency of solar is compensated by energy storage element battery. In the suggested hybrid system, the battery charging is carried out from DC bus voltage through buck converter and discharging to the load through high gain DC-DC converter. In the proposed work, Simulink model of proposed system rated for 1.2 kW PV module, 120 V, 42 Ah battery is developed using Simulink of MATLAB software and results are obtained under different operating conditions. Scaled experimental model of proposed hybrid system is implemented in laboratory environment using STM32F407VGT6 microcontroller and results are validated.

Improving Performance of Solar Array Fed BLDC Drive Using Firefly Algorithm Based High Gain Converter

The improved transient response of PID controller for improved Luo converter supplied Brushless DC (BLDC) motor using solar energy source is extensively investigated. The BLDC drive uses a hybrid PV system and battery-based power generation as a power source to assure continuous power supply to pump water regardless of solar insolation. The PV system serves as the main energy source, and the battery providing as a backup source that discharged its power only during inclement weather or at night if the photovoltaic panel is insufficient to operate the centrifugal pump. The solar panel feeds power into the battery, whenever water to the field is not required, thus there is no need for an extra power source to charge the batteries. The high output voltage gain DC-DC converter does not make any discomfit to the system performance in regards to irradiance variation, switching loss, or power loss by converter or motor side respectively. Moreover, current sensor, voltage sensor, and control circuits are completed excluded which enhance performance and the cost of the system get reduced effectively. A bidirectional charging control allows a bi-directional converter to alter the battery operation mode automatically. The overall system performance is validated using simulation and experimental setup.

A Multiport Current-Fed IIOS Dual-Half-Bridge Converter for Distributed Photovoltaic MVDC Integration System

The input-independent output-series (IIOS) dc-dc converter structure possesses the capability to achieve high voltage gain, single-stage power conversion and multiport independent control, which is suitable for distributed photovoltaic (PV) power collection system. However, if the multiport input powers are different, the output voltage of each submodule (SM) will be uneven, which might lead to power degradation and device damage. In order to address SM output voltage imbalance problem, a voltage self-balancing output-series dual-half- bridge (OSDHB) converter based on multi-winding coupled-inductor (MWCI) is developed in this paper. By multiplexing the SM secondary side switches in OSDHB, the unbalanced power between SMs can be directly transmitted to the target SM, without the requisition for transmission one by one. And all power switches possess zero-voltage switching characteristic. Therefore, the proposed IIOS-DHB features high efficiency, low cost, simple control and more adaptive to distributed PV power generation system. The topological configuration, operating principle and self-balancing performance are presented. Finally, the full-scale simulations and three submodules down-scale experiment hardware platform have been conducted to verify the theoretical analysis of the proposed IIOS-DHB.

High-Frequency Interlinking High-Voltage Gain PV Converter Modules With Embedded Power Balancing Technique for DC-Distributed System

High-Frequency Interlinking High-Voltage Gain PV Converter Modules With Embedded Power Balancing Technique for DC-Distributed System

A Stacked Symmetrical Non-Isolated High Step-Up Voltage Gain Converter with High Efficiency and Low Voltage Stress on Components

This paper introduces a cascaded symmetrical non-isolated high step-up voltage gain converter with high efficiency and low voltage stress on components combining a non-isolated buck-boost converter and voltage doubler structure. In the proposed converter, the input source is connected in series to the output load; hence, a part of the source energy is directly delivered from source to load, not through the switching branch, improving efficiency. Furthermore, the appropriately stacked voltage doubler stage not only amplifies the high step-up voltage gain ratio but also considerably diminishes the voltage stress on all semiconductor devices and capacitors. As a result, the costless low internal resistance and low voltage components can be employed for higher efficiency, higher power density, and lower cost. To demonstrate the practicality of the proposed topology, the operating principle is outlined, and the steady-state characteristics are thoroughly analyzed. Furthermore, a 360 W prototype converter has been fabricated to confirm the efficiency of the proposed converter.

Direct maximum power injection control of grid-connected PV micro-inverter systems connected to the grid

The increasing use of fossil fuels such as gas and oil has caused many environmental problems, including air pollution, depletion of underground resources, the destructive phenomenon of global warming, destruction of the ozone layer, and many other problems for the environment. Photovoltaic systems are one of the most promising solutions to overcome these problems. Due to the low voltage of solar panels and the higher controllability of photovoltaic systems against changes in sunlight intensity during the day, DC-DC power converters are required. In this project, the aim is to design and build a DC-DC converter with the ability to provide high voltage gain at a suitable efficiency for a 1-string photovoltaic system with the ability to track the maximum power point 2. The designed converter is designed and analyzed with the ability to provide a voltage gain of 5/6 at the critical operating point, a minimum efficiency of 94%, and a power of 500 watts. This converter uses classical soft switching, so the switching losses are reduced, which in turn increases the efficiency of the converter. This converter has a lower voltage stress on the switch (4/0) than the existing techniques. On the other hand, while new converters use a large number of switches and magnetic cores in the cell to provide high gain, this converter uses the least number of switches and magnetic cores to achieve high gain. Also, the passive elements of this converter, such as inductor and capacitor, are in the order of a few microhenries and farads, and therefore the size of these components is also reduced. In addition, due to the high gain provided in lower duty cycles, the efficiency of the switch is increased, and therefore cheaper switches can be used. Also, due to the reduction in the size of passive elements, the size of the magnetic core is also reduced, which in turn optimizes the converter economically.

Tunable optoelectronic response in van der Waals heterojunction transistors for artificial visual recognition

Optoelectronic synaptic transistors are advantageous in in-memory light sensing for artificial neural networks. Herein, optoelectronic synaptic junction field-effect transistors (JFETs) based on a Ga2O3/MoS2 heterojunction are fabricated. The devices exhibit robust electrical performances, including a high on/off ratio of 108, a low subthreshold swing of 69 mV dec−1, and a high output current of 3.4 μA μm−1. An inverter and a NAND gate are constructed based on the dual-gated configuration, with the inverter showing a high voltage gain of 28 and the near-ideal noise margin of 90.4%. Additionally, the devices demonstrate outstanding optoelectronic performances benefiting from the strong light–matter interactions of MoS2. Typical synaptic plasticities, including short-term plasticity, long-term plasticity, and spiking-rate-dependent plasticity, are simulated by applying the light pulses. Furthermore, metaplastic excitatory postsynaptic current, metaplastic facilitation of long-term potentiation and transition from potentiation to depression are also readily demonstrated. The artificial neural network, in which neurons are interconnected through our proposed optoelectronic synaptic transistors, achieves a high accuracy of 89.8% in recognizing handwritten digits. This work provides insight into the design of an optoelectronic synapse based on JFETs.

A zero‐input‐current‐ripple high‐voltage‐gain DC‐DC converter with integrated Y‐source network

SummaryThis paper proposes a zero‐input‐current‐ripple (ZICR) high‐voltage‐gain dc‐dc converter with an integrated Y‐source network. It achieves zero input current ripple by introducing a parallel branch of an extra inductor, a coupled winding, and a capacitor at the input port. The voltage of the added inductor is opposite to that of the coupled winding. By adding the Y‐source coupled inductor, the boost capability of the converter is improved. The unique boost circuit structure makes that one winding in the three‐winding coupling inductance is step‐down type (the turns ratio n2 < 1) while the other winding is step‐up type (the turns ratio n1 > 1). In such a case, high voltage gain can be obtained under a lower turn ratio of the coupled inductor. The inherent passive clamping circuit clamps the spike voltage noises of the main switch to a low level and improves the efficiency. All the diodes have achieved ZCS (zero current switching) turn‐off. By comparing with several new converters, the advantages of this converter are proved. Finally, a 200‐W, 48‐ to 380‐V, 50‐kHz experimental prototype is built based on the theoretical research. At the rated power, the measured efficiencies with and without ZICR are 95.2% and 95.6%, respectively.