High Sucrose Concentrations Research Articles

Effects of agavins in high fat-high sucrose diet-fed mice: an exploratory study

ABSTRACT The present study was to investigate whether agavins supplementation might reduce obesity in mice fed with a high fat-high sucrose (HF-HS) diet. Mice were fed with a HF-HS diet with (HF-HS+A) or without agavins (HF-HS) supplementation. Body weight, white adipose tissue (WAT), biomarkers inflammation, gastrointestinal hormones, microbiota, and their excreted metabolites were evaluated. HF-HS+A mice significantly reduced body weight, WAT, and leptin levels compared to the HF-HS group. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin levels tended to be lower in the HF-HS+A group. Moreover, the genera Allobaculum, Akkermansia, and Sutterella, linked with positives effects on host health, were identified as possible biomarkers for agavins treatment; meanwhile, ethyl oleate, thymine, hypoxanthine, uracil, and some fatty acids were substantially enriched with agavins and negative associated with pro-inflammatory biomarkers. Collectively, these results demonstrate that agavins can ameliorates many of the harmful effects induced by intake of a diet with a high fat and sucrose content.

Profiling seed soluble sugar compositions in 1164 Chinese soybean accessions from major growing ecoregions

Soluble sugar is a key quality trait of soybean seeds. We developed rapid and economic extraction and quantification methods for seed soluble sugars using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography system with a refractive index detector. We evaluated the soluble sugar compositions of 1164 soybean accessions collected from diverse ecoregions and grown in multiple locations and years. Total soluble sugar (TSS) content was influenced by accession type, year of cultivation, and ecoregion. The mean contents of fructose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose, stachyose and TSS were 3.31, 5.21, 55.60, 6.60, 35.47, and 106.19 mg g−1, respectively. The highest mean TSS content (108.71 mg g−1) was observed in accessions from Northern Region of China. Cultivars contained higher contents of sucrose, raffinose, and TSS, whereas landraces had a higher content of stachyose. Fourteen accessions with mean TSS contents >130 mg g−1 were identified as elite soybean resources. TSS was correlated with sucrose, raffinose, stachyose, protein, oil and total tocopherol. The main soluble sugar components were correlated with latitude and longitude, indicating that the geographical origin of the accessions affected their seed soluble sugar compositions. The developed methods and elite identified accessions can be used in the food and feed industry and in soybean breeding programs aimed at improving soybean seed nutrition.

Temporal responses of bumblebee gustatory neurons to sugars

SummaryThe sense of taste permits the recognition of valuable nutrients and the avoidance of potential toxins. Previously, we found that bumblebees have a specialized mechanism for sensing sugars whereby two gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) within the galeal sensilla of the bees’ mouthparts exhibit bursts of spikes. Here, we show that the temporal firing patterns of these GRNs separate sugars into four distinct groups that correlate with sugar nutritional value and palatability. We also identified a third GRN that responded to stimulation with relatively high concentrations of fructose, sucrose, and maltose. Sugars that were nonmetabolizable or toxic suppressed the responses of bursting GRNs to sucrose. These abilities to encode information about sugar value are a refinement to the bumblebee’s sense of sweet taste that could be an adaptation that enables precise calculations of the nature and nutritional value of floral nectar.

Vegans, Vegetarians and Omnivores Differ in Nutrient Hedonics, Salt and Sweet Taste and Flavouring

ObjectivesNutrient hedonics (liking foods by nutrient content), and seasoning, including taste responses to the prime flavours salt and sweet, were compared in vegan, vegetarian and omnivore diets. MethodsQuestionnaires examined macronutrient and electrolyte intake and hedonics and seasoning: taste tests for salt and sweet preference: psychophysical taste responses for salt and sweet. ResultsCompared to omnivores, vegans had lower protein, Ca ++, Na + intake, and increased CHO intake. Hedonics for energy, fat, protein, Ca ++, Na + and K + were reduced. Psychophysical responses to NaCl and sucrose also differed slightly, vegans and vegetarians scoring high concentrations of sucrose as more intense. Vegans reported more sweetening and less salting of food, added more sucrose to a test tea, less salt to a test soup, but did not differ in seasoning with fat/oil or hot spice. ConclusionsHabitual vegan, vegetarian and omnivore diets may alter taste responses to nutrient content and salt and sweet, the latter more pronounced in vegan and vegetarian women. Recognising diet-dependent changes in taste hedonics could help plan diets and products. Funding SourcesIsrael Science Foundation (902/0–2 and 7,481,478) and the Israel Ministry of Health (1043–3-00,000).

Sensory optimization of a flavor mix for a milkshake-like beverage formulated with residual grain from the amaranth popping process

Objective: To identify an optimal combination of sweet, coffee, and chocolate flavors to maximize liking of sensory attributes in a beverage formulated with residual grain from amaranth popping. Design/Methodology/Approach: We evaluated nine mixtures formulated with refined sucrose, instant coffee, and cocoa powder. Formulations were plotted in the simplex coordinate system. We prepared a milkshake-like beverage using residual grain from the amaranth popping process (RGAPP) as base. Sucrose, coffee, and cocoa were used as flavoring agents. We conducted a consumer study to identify the optimal mixture that maximized liking, acceptability, and purchase intent. Results: When testing the overall liking of the prepared milkshake-like product, we observed favorable reactions to those formulations that contained more sucrose and cocoa powder. Consumers found formulations 1 (30% coffee and 70% sucrose), 2 (70% sucrose and 30% cocoa powder), and 7 (30% sucrose and 70% cocoa powder) tastier than the others. The formulations with high coffee and low sucrose content were the least liked. Formulation 8 (70% coffee and 30% cocoa powder) had the lowest overall liking score for the milkshake-like beverage. Study Limitations/Implications: The results represent a segment of mostly young consumers (81%), between 18 and 24 years old. Recommendations/Conclusions: Consumers showed interest in the developed products as they usually drink different kinds of beverages in the morning. There was a significant difference between formulations, mainly due to the different levels of sucrose. The use of flavorings is a viable strategy for the development of milkshake-like beverages formulated with residual grain from the amaranth popping process aimed to harness the benefits that this ingredient can offer to human nutrition.

Isolation of fucoxanthin chlorophyll protein complexes of the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana associated with the xanthophyll cycle enzyme diadinoxanthin de-epoxidase.

In the present study, low concentrations of the very mild detergent n-dodecyl-α-d-maltoside in conjunction with sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation were used to prepare fucoxanthin chlorophyll protein (FCP) complexes of the centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Two main FCP fractions were observed in the sucrose gradients, one in the upper part and one at high sucrose concentrations in the lower part of the gradient. The first fraction was dominated by the 18 kDa FCP protein band in SDS-gels. Since this fraction also contained other protein bands, it was designated as fraction enriched in FCP-A complex. The second fraction contained mainly the 21 kDa FCP band, which is typical for the FCP-B complex. Determination of the lipid composition showed that both FCP fractions contained monogalactosyl diacylglycerol as the main lipid followed by the second galactolipid of the thylakoid membrane, namely digalactosyl diacylglycerol. The negatively charged lipids sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol and phosphatidyl glycerol were also present in both fractions in pronounced concentrations. With respect to the pigment composition, the fraction enriched in FCP-A contained a higher amount of the xanthophyll cycle pigments diadinoxanthin (DD) and diatoxanthin (Dt), whereas the FCP-B fraction was characterized by a lower ratio of xanthophyll cycle pigments to the light-harvesting pigment fucoxanthin. Protein analysis by mass spectrometry revealed that in both FCP fractions the xanthophyll cycle enzyme diadinoxanthin de-epoxidase (DDE) was present. In addition, the analysis showed an enrichment of DDE in the fraction enriched in FCP-A but only a very low amount of DDE in the FCP-B fraction. In-vitro de-epoxidation assays, employing the isolated FCP complexes, were characterized by an inefficient conversion of DD to Dt. However, in line with the heterogeneous DDE distribution, the fraction enriched in FCP-A showed a more pronounced DD de-epoxidation compared with the FCP-B.

Regulatory Modules of Metabolites and Protein Phosphorylation in Arabidopsis Genotypes With Altered Sucrose Allocation.

Multi-omics data sets are increasingly being used for the interpretation of cellular processes in response to environmental cues. Especially, the posttranslational modification of proteins by phosphorylation is an important regulatory process affecting protein activity and/or localization, which, in turn, can have effects on metabolic processes and metabolite levels. Despite this importance, relationships between protein phosphorylation status and metabolite abundance remain largely underexplored. Here, we used a phosphoproteomics–metabolomics data set collected at the end of day and night in shoots and roots of Arabidopsis to propose regulatory relationships between protein phosphorylation and accumulation or allocation of metabolites. For this purpose, we introduced a novel, robust co-expression measure suited to the structure of our data sets, and we used this measure to construct metabolite-phosphopeptide networks. These networks were compared between wild type and plants with perturbations in key processes of sugar metabolism, namely, sucrose export (sweet11/12 mutant) and starch synthesis (pgm mutant). The phosphopeptide–metabolite network turned out to be highly sensitive to perturbations in sugar metabolism. Specifically, KING1, the regulatory subunit of SnRK1, was identified as a primary candidate connecting protein phosphorylation status with metabolism. We additionally identified strong changes in the fatty acid network of the sweet11/12 mutant, potentially resulting from a combination of fatty acid signaling and metabolic overflow reactions in response to high internal sucrose concentrations. Our results further suggest novel protein-metabolite relationships as candidates for future targeted research.

Dietary Sucrose Determines Stress Resistance, Oxidative Damages, and Antioxidant Defense System in Drosophila.

Varied nutritional interventions affect lifespan and metabolic health. Abundant experimental evidence indicates that the carbohydrate restriction in the diet induces changes to support long-lived phenotypes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are among the main mechanisms that mediate the effect of nutrient consumption on the aging process. Here, we tested the influence of sucrose concentration in the diet on stress resistance, antioxidant defense systems, and oxidative stress markers in D. melanogaster. We found that high sucrose concentration in the fly medium leads to enhanced resistance to starvation, oxidative, heat, and cold stresses. However, flies that were raised on low sucrose food displayed increased levels of low-molecular-mass thiols, lipid peroxides in females, and higher activity of antioxidant enzymes, indicating that the consumption of a low carbohydrate diet could induce oxidative stress in the fruit fly. We found that the consumption of sucrose-enriched diet increased protein carbonyl level, which may indicate about the activation of glycation processes. The results highlight a strong dependence of oxidative metabolism in D. melanogaster from dietary carbohydrates.

Sugars dominate the seagrass rhizosphere

Seagrasses are among the most efficient sinks of carbon dioxide on Earth. While carbon sequestration in terrestrial plants is linked to the microorganisms living in their soils, the interactions of seagrasses with their rhizospheres are poorly understood. Here, we show that the seagrass, Posidonia oceanica excretes sugars, mainly sucrose, into its rhizosphere. These sugars accumulate to µM concentrations—nearly 80 times higher than previously observed in marine environments. This finding is unexpected as sugars are readily consumed by microorganisms. Our experiments indicated that under low oxygen conditions, phenolic compounds from P. oceanica inhibited microbial consumption of sucrose. Analyses of the rhizosphere community revealed that many microbes had the genes for degrading sucrose but these were only expressed by a few taxa that also expressed genes for degrading phenolics. Given that we observed high sucrose concentrations underneath three other species of marine plants, we predict that the presence of plant-produced phenolics under low oxygen conditions allows the accumulation of labile molecules across aquatic rhizospheres.

Sucrose-free hawthorn leathers formulated with fructooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides ameliorate high-fat diet induced inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism in liver of mice

High sucrose content in traditional hawthorn leathers limits the potential consumption, particularly for elders and diabetics. In this study, sucrose-free hawthorn leathers were formulated with 75% fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and 25% xylooligosaccharides (XOS) (HLF75), which exhibited comparable morphology and sensory properties to the traditional ones. Then, the anti-obesity activity of HLF75 was investigated using high-fat diet (HFD) fed C57BL/6J mice. Comparing with traditional hawthorn leathers, HLF75 supplementation in HFD significantly decreased the levels of blood glucose and serum lipid. The histomorphologies of liver and subcutaneous fat tissues were ameliorated by HLF75, as well as the down-regulated mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, Nos2 and Cox-2 in the liver. Moreover, the protein levels of MyD88 and NF-κB in the liver were suppressed by HLF75 treatment with decreased F4/80-positive macrophage number. However, the expression levels of PI3K, phosphorylated-AKT (Thr308), and phosphorylated-mTOR (Ser2448) proteins related to glucose metabolism were increased in the liver. Moreover, fat synthesis-related gene expression in HLF75-fed mice was suppressed while expressions of lipolysis genes were improved. Thus, HLF75 supplementation alleviated HFD-induced obesity through the alleviation of inflammation and restoration of the disturbed glucose and lipid metabolism. Functional oligosaccharides could be effective sucrose substitutes in hawthorn leathers and enable their potential utilization as functional foods.

Metabolites of oregano (Origanum vulgare) seed and their anti-obesity effects on 3T3-L1 adipocytes through down-regulated adipogenesis.

Metabolites of the 80% ethanol extract (OSE) and ethyl acetate fraction (OSEA) of oregano seed were analyzed by GC-MS, and anti-obesity effects of OSE and OSEA were evaluated in 3T3-L1 adipocyte. OSE possessed high content of glucose, fructofuranose, and sucrose while OSEA had high content of phenolic chemicals. OSEA contained higher levels of gallic acid, syringic acid, protocatechuic acid, and catechin than OSE. OSEA inhibited lipid droplet accumulation with concentration dependent manner in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes during differentiation. OSEA showed more inhibition ability than OSE by 13.7-fold at the level of 125μg/mL. Additionally, relative mRNA and protein expression levels of pparγ, c/ebpα, fas, and srebp-1c which are related to adipogenesis were significantly lower in OSEA treatment group than in OSE treatment group (p < 0.05). Therefore, OSEA could be used as anti-obesity functional ingredient.

Bacillus subtilis Inoculation Improves Nutrient Uptake and Physiological Activity in Sugarcane under Drought Stress.

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Throughout the sugarcane’s growth stages, periods of drought are common, causing detrimental effects on plant growth. Therefore, the search for strategies for minimizing the impact of drought on sugarcane development is of great interest. Plant growth-promoting bacteria hold the potential for improving tolerance to drought in agricultural systems. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate whether inoculation with Bacillus subtilis can reduce the negative effects of drought on the nutritional, physiological, and morphological characteristics of sugarcane plants. For this, sugarcane was cultivated in a greenhouse, under controlled conditions of water and temperature, with the aid of four treatments: without and with inoculation of B. subtilis, in normal conditions of water availability, and in conditions of water restriction (2 × 2 factorial), with four replications. In treatments with inoculation, the pre-emerged seedlings were immersed in a B. subtilis solution and transplanted into experimental pots. Our results showed that inoculation with B. subtilis improved plant nutrition and chlorophyll concentrations. As a result, the gas exchange parameters (especially net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency) were also improved, even under drought conditions. In addition, stress parameters (antioxidant metabolism activity) were reduced in inoculated plants. The sum of these beneficial effects resulted in increased root growth, tillering, stalk weight, and higher sucrose concentration in the stalks.

Determination of the Carbohydrate Profile and Invertase Activity of Adulterated Honeys after Bee Feeding

The higher demand for honey from consumers, combined with its limited availability, has led to different types of honey adulteration, causing substantial economic as well as negative impacts on consumers’ nutrition and health. Therefore, a need has emerged for reliable and cost-effective quality control methods to detect honey adulteration to ensure both the safety and quality of honey. To simulate the process with those applied by beekeepers in real-time, bee colonies were fed with different types of bee feeding (sugar syrup, candy paste and commercial syrup). The produced samples were analyzed for their carbohydrate profile and their invertase activity with the aim to find the effects of bee feeding on the quality of the final product. Honey samples produced after feeding with commercial syrup presented low fructose (22.9 %) and glucose (31.7 %) concentrations and high content of maltose (20.1%), while the samples that came from bee feeding with sugar syrup and candy paste had high concentrations of sucrose (6.2 % and 3.2 %, respectively), exceeding in some cases the legislative limits. Moreover, the samples coming from sugar feeding had lower values of invertase activity, while the group with inverted syrup was clearly discriminated through multi-discriminant analysis. The invertase activity of control samples was found at 153.7 U/kg, which was significantly higher compared to the other groups. The results showed that bee feeding during honey production might lead to adulteration, which can be detected through routine analyses, including the carbohydrate profile and the invertase activity.

Tuning the catalytic performances of a sucrose isomerase for production of isomaltulose with high concentration.

Obtaining a sucrose isomerase (SIase) with high catalytic performance is of great importance in industrial production of isomaltulose (a reducing sugar). In order to obtain such SIase mutant, a high-throughput screening system in microtiter plate format was developed based on a widely used 2,4-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method for determination of reducing sugar. An SIase from Erwiniasp. Ejp617 (ErSIase) was selected to improve its catalytic efficiency. After screening of ~ 8000 mutants from a random mutagenesis library, Q209 and R456 were identified as beneficial positions. Saturation mutagenesis of the two positions resulted in a double-site mutant ErSIase_Q209S-R456H that showed the highest catalytic efficiency, and its specific activity reached 684 U/mg that is 17.5-fold higher than that of the wild-type ErSIase. By employing the lyophilized Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells harboring ErSIase_Q209S-R456H, a high space-time yield (STY = 3.9kg/(L·d)) was achieved toward 600g/L sucrose. Furthermore, the in silico analysis suggested that the hydrogen bond network was improved and steric hindrance was reduced due to the beneficial substitutions.Key points• A sucrose isomerase mutant with high catalytic efficiency was obtained.• The highest space-time yield was achieved toward high-concentration sucrose.• The optimized H-bond network contributed to the enhanced catalytic efficiency.

Evaluation of whey protein concentrate as a functional ingredient on quality of goat milk rasogolla - an Indian dessert

In the literature, a variety of dairy products are made from goat milk; however, information related to the manufacture of rasogolla from goat milk is very scant. During preliminary trials, it was observed that chhena prepared from goat milk was not suitable for the preparation of rasogolla because it has a very soft and sticky body that is difficult to handle. Therefore, this investigation was conducted to formulate an acceptable quality goat milk rasogolla using whey protein concentrate (WPC) as a functional ingredient. Chhena (also known as Indian cottage cheese, a heat- and acid-coagulated indigenous dairy product) was prepared from fresh Surati goat milk (3.5% fat/8.5% milk solids-not-fat (MSNF). Twelve batches of rasogolla were prepared from chhena coagulated at three temperatures viz. 75, 80 and 85⁰C containing WPC at 4 levels (i.e., 0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% w/w of milk). Rasogolla prepared from chhena containing 0.50% WPC in milk and coagulated at 80°C was preferred the most with respect to all the sensory attributes evaluated. It had significantly (P&lt;0.05) highest sucrose content, i.e., 35.73% and a higher sugar absorption ratio, i.e., 2.63, compared to all the other experimental samples. The composition of drained samples of goat milk rasogolla was as follows: moisture 50.07%; protein 7.04%; fat 6.44%; ash 0.45% and sucrose 35.73%. The pH was 6.34 and acidity was 0.76% lactic acid. Based on the results obtained in this study, a method was developed for the preparation of acceptable quality goat milk chhena and rasogolla.

Morphological, agronomical, physiological and molecular characterization of a high sugar mutant of sugarcane in comparison to mother variety.

Sugarcane is a significant crop plant with the capability of accumulating higher amount of sucrose. In the present study, a high sucrose content sugarcane mutant clone, GXB9, has been studied in comparison to the low sucrose mother clone B9 on morphological, agronomical and physiological level in order to scrutinize the variation because of mutation in GXB9 in field under normal environmental condition. The results showed that GXB9 has less germination, tillering rate, stalk height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, number of internodes, internode length and internode diameter than B9. Qualitative traits of leaf and stalk displayed significant variation between GXB9 and B9. Endogenous hormones quantity was also showed variation between the two clones. The relative SPAD reading and chlorophyll a, b concentrations also showed variation between GXB9 and B9. The photosynthetic parameter analysis indicated that the GXB9 has significantly higher net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) than B9. The qRT-PCR analysis of genes encoding enzymes like SPS, SuSy, CWIN, and CeS showed upregulation in GXB9 and downregulation in B9. However, these genes were significantly differentially expressed between the immature and maturing internodes of GXB9. The cane quality trait analysis showed that GXB9 had higher juice rate, juice gravity purity, brix, juice sucrose content and cane sucrose content than B9. The yield and component investigation results indicated that GXB9 had lower single stalk weight, however higher number of millable stalks per hectare than B9, and GXB9 had lower theoretical cane yield than B9. SSR marker analysis showed genetic variation between GXB9 and B9. This study has shown significant variation in the traits of GXB9 in comparison to B9 which advocates that GXB9 is a high sugar mutant clone of B9 and an elite source for future breeding.

NGHIÊN CỨU MỘT SỐ CHỈ TIÊU SINH HÓA CỦA BA GIỐNG MÍA ROC10, ROC23, ROC26 TRỒNG TẠI TỈNH HÒA BÌNH

Analysis of some biochemical indicators during the growth and development of 3 sugarcane varieties ROC10, ROC23, ROC26 is one of the methods contributing to the prequalification of sugarcane varieties with good quality. The results showed that the reducing sugar content in the stems of all three sugarcane varieties decreased with age, of which ROC23 and ROC26 were less than that of ROC10. The sucrose content increased gradually, and ROC23, ROC26 had higher sucrose content than ROC10. The starch content in the cane stem decreased gradually with the age of the plant, of which varieties ROC23, ROC26 were less than ROC10. Vitamin C content of ROC23 variety was higher than that of ROC10 variety in the growing period while ROC26 variety at an early stage, vitamin C content was less than that of ROC10 variety but from 9 months old onwards, it was higher than ROC10 variety. The cellulose content of the ROC23 variety was highest, followed by the ROC10, and the lowest was the ROC26 variety. The results of this study are the scientific basis for selecting sugarcane varieties with good quality based on the biochemical changes of the plant during growth and development.

Pollen tube growth in Calotropis procera is controlled by environmental changes: does it have an impact on delayed fertilization?

Calotropis procera (Apocynaceae) is a Sudanian plant that grows throughout the eastern Saharo-Arabian region. In Israel, it grows along the Rift Valley under extremely hot and dry climatic conditions. In C. procera, as in many other Apocynaceae, the nectar is secreted in the flowers from the nectaries located inside the stigmatic chamber, with the excess flowing via the capillary system into special reservoirs (cucculi). The nectar has two functions: it is used as a reward to attract pollinating insects and it serves as the germination medium for pollen grains. Under natural conditions the nectar concentration is subjected to a large variability, ranging from 22-68% sucrose. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of the natural fluctuations of nectar concentration on pollen germination and pollen tube growth, and their possible role in delaying fertilization in Calotropis procera. We followed the process of pollen germination under various experimental sucrose concentrations simulating the nectar. We found that the optimal concentration of a sucrose medium for pollen germination is 20%. However, if the already-germinated pollen grains are subjected to high sucrose concentration for different periods of time (between one and three hours), elongation of the pollen tubes is inhibited. In all the experimental groups, the pollen tubes renewed their elongation following a reduction of the sucrose. In conclusion, we found that C. procera pollen grains’ germination is able to adjust to the large fluctuations in sucrose concentration, caused by the changes in temperature and relative humidity conditions of the plant’s habitat during the day. This phenomenon probably enables postponing the fertilization towards a time of better conditions and enables the plant to retain the pollen tubes alive, albeit inactive, and thus allow the plant to overcome temporary harsh conditions and develop seeds.

Development of probiotic tomato kulfi

Kulfi is a traditional Indian frozen dessert with nutritional significance but, lacks therapeutic properties. Kulfi can be used as vehicle for probiotics and prebiotics, with the added advantage of being appreciated by people of all age groups. Current study involves the production of kulfi by incorporating probiotic culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 (107 – 108 CFU/g) and tomato juice (prebiotic) (25% and 37.5%) to enhance its functional value and create a synbiotic system. The effect of tomato juice concentration was evaluated for physiochemical properties, cultures survival and sensory characteristics. Data revealed a reduction in pH of kulfi variants with high tomato juice concentration. It was also found that, the probiotic tomato kulfi variants (25% and 37.5% variants) possessed high acidity (0.225% and 0.216%) and sucrose content (13.98% and 13.50%), respectively. The protein content was found to remain constant in all the kulfi variants, indicating no association between probiotic culture, tomato and kulfi. A decrease in fat content was observed with an increasing concentration of tomato juice. A reduction in viable counts was noted in 25% and 37.5% kulfi variants during one week of frozen storage. All kulfi variants received a fair score in the organoleptic evaluation, however, probiotic kulfi containing 25% tomato juice attained the highest score for all the parameters. Hence, proving that the incorporation of probiotic culture and tomato not only enhanced the nutritional properties of the kulfi, but also improved the sensory properties of the product.

DESAIN DAN IMPLEMENTASI PERALATAN VACUUM STABILIZER MENGGUNAKAN PRINSIP BERNOULLI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA ROTARRY DRUM VACUUM FILTER

The purpose of this research is to create and implement a Vacuum Stabilizer equipment design to improve the performance of Rottary Drum Vacuum equipment in the sugar industry in the dirty juice filtration process which so far has not been optimal, this is indicated by the results of dirty juice filtration resulting in cake (blotong). which still has a fairly high sucrose content with a cake pol number &gt; 2.5%, while the allowable standard is &lt; 2.5%. From the identification results, it was found that the cause of the problem was the achievement of high vacuum and low vacuum work parameters which were still fluctuating and tended to be low with a very fluctuating high vacuum at 30 CmHg to 40 CmHg and Low Vacuum at 5 CmHg to 15 CmHg. The planned Vacuum Stabilizer equipment consists of a series of equipment such as reservoir tanks, venturi tanks and pipelines whose height is calculated by the bernoulli equation. The height of the Vacuum Stabilizer equipment, for high vacuum was achieved at a total height of 4.3 meters, while for low vacuum a total height of 3.9 meters, the Vacuum Stabilizer equipment succeeded in increasing the stability of achieving high vacuum at 45 CmHg – 55 CmHg and low vacuum at 20 CmHg. – 25 CmHg according to the standard set, with the impact of increasing performance so that the cake pol number matches the target set with the cake pol number &lt; 2.5%.