High Rise Research Articles

Optimization Analysis of Water Supply Mode for Fire Protection System of Super High Rise Building

Abstract In order to improve the applicability and reliability of the fire water supply capacity of super high-rise buildings, the fluid analysis software Flomaster was used for simulation. Through the existing pumps, valves, pipelines, pressure reducing valves and newly developed fire hydrants and other components, the fire water supply system of super high-rise buildings is modeled. The pressure distribution of the system pipe network under a given fire water supply mode is studied. The research shows that the simulation can analyze whether there is excessive pressure in the fire hydrant system under different flow conditions in the actual fire extinguishing process. This paper simulates the actual fire extinguishing process of the fire hydrant system through a specific engineering case. The pressure distribution and flow distribution under different flow conditions are obtained. The excessive pressure position of the fire pipe network system under the given fire pump model is obtained. It provides a method for guiding the selection of fire pump and the design of fire hydrant system pipe network. It has certain guiding significance for the subsequent optimization of the design scheme of the fire water supply network and the prediction of the performance of the R&D equipment.

Action of liquid tune mass dampers and base isolation in high rise buildings

In areas where earthquakes are common, high-rise structure seismic resistance is a major concern. The purpose of this research is to determine whether base isolation and liquid tuned mass dampers (LTMDs) can improve tall building seismic performance. A symmetrical G+8 story RCC structure in Zone V with medium grade soil is analyzed using ETABS software, Response Spectrum Analysis, and Equivalent Static Analysis to see how the structure behaves under different load combinations. For various structural configure rations, including basic models, models with water tanks, and models with base isolation, key factors such joint displacement, storey drift, base shear, and time period are evaluated. The results show that as compared to baseline models, models with damping and isolation systems exhibit much lower joint displacements, base shear forces, and story drift. In particular, base isolation models perform better in terms of reducing structural deformations and resisting lateral forces. Furthermore, shorter time periods and higher frequencies are routinely observed in base isolated models, suggesting enhanced dynamic response and energy dissipation capabilities. The paper also covers the flexibility and benefits of using LTMDs and base isolation to reduce seismic threats. Buildings can be successfully separated from ground motion by base isolation systems, and dynamic response can be countered by LTMDs using regulated liquid sloshing. The attraction of LTMDs in improving overall stability is increased by their adaptability in minimizing torsional and lateral vibrations. The study concludes by emphasizing how crucial it is to use cutting-edge structural retrofitting methods, including base isolation and LTMDs, to improve the seismic resistance of high-rise structures. In earthquake-prone areas, engineers and legislators may proactively protect tall buildings and guarantee a safer, more robust built environment by incorporating these technologies into construction standards and design procedures.

Innovative Geotechnical Solutions for Sustainable Infrastructure Development

Aim: To examine innovative geotechnical solutions for sustainable infrastructure development. Problem Statement: The advancement in the world urbanization together with high rise in global population has alarmed the need for new infrastructures with additional innovative research to be conducted with already existing assets. Thus, It is important that geotechnical engineering should include basic practices targeting resource-efficient and environment-friendly techniques in order to add to sustainable development. Significance of Study: This technical review critically examines the innovative geotechnical solutions for sustainable infrastructure development. The content presented in this manuscript will be beneficial to professionals in the area of geotechnical engineering. Methodology: Recent relevant published articles in the area of innovative geotechnical solutions for sustainable infrastructure development were consulted. These include journal articles, conference papers, Asian Development Bank articles and unpublished doctoral documents. Discussion: The six main environmental objectives of the Taxonomy Regulation to ensure the contours of an environmentally sustainable infrastructure were stated to include: (1) sustainable protection and use of marine and water resources (2) pollution control and prevention (3) switch to a circular economy (4) mitigation of climate change (5) restoration and protection of ecosystems and biodiversity and (6) adaptation of climate change. The three phase methods for sustainability infrastructure development in geotechnics were critically discussed. An imaginary excavation site in the municipality of Rozzano was referenced as a case study to reveal the application of the proposed methodology to the soil treatment systems. It was noticed that the adoption of an LCA introduces additional deep knowledge and the required quantitative analysis for sizing the assessment. Conclusion: The examined innovative geotechnical solutions were contributory to sustainable infrastructure development.

To Study the Construction Techniques for Slum Rehabilitation In Metro Cites

With increasing urbanization, the need for adequate affordable shelter also increases. Housing shortage is one of the major challenges faced in developing countries like India. It is imperative to provide housing that caters to all income groups with special focus on the low and middle income groups. In order to provide low cost housing, it is essential to adopt innovative sustainable technologies which are affordable, fast track, cost effective, durable as well as environment friendly. This seminar discusses emerging innovative technologies that can be adopted in the country to lower housing construction cost and help in provision of mass affordable housing. Some of the technologies discussed are Tunnel form, Sismo building technology, Light Gauge Steel Framed Structural technology, Precast Sandwich Panel technology etc. These technologies are reviewed on various parameters like local availability, affordability, energy efficiency, structural stability, quality, speed, cost effectiveness, eco friendliness and suitability for high rise construction. The advantages and limitations of the technologies are also mentioned. The seminar highlights the potential barriers for adoption of these technologies in the Indian urban scenario and methods which can be employed to overcome those barriers in order to provide affordable housing for the low and middle income groups. Fast track construction is very much essential for the mass housing projects like slum rehabilitation . For this rapid wall technique can be best option for construction

Numerical and experimental investigations of thermohydraulic performance enhancement of triangular duct solar air heaters using circular wing vortex generators

AbstractThis study presents the thermohydraulic performance enhancement in a triangular duct solar air heater (TSAH) using circular wing vortex generators (CWVGs) on the absorber plate using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology for the Reynolds number (Re) range of 6000–21,000. The use of wing vortex generators offers relatively lower interference with the core flow region, while the circular geometry offers a smooth curved edge, which reduces multiple vortex interactions in the wake region, thereby limiting the pressure drop. This study explores the impact of flow attack angle, longitudinal pitch, transverse pitch, and diameter of CWVG on the thermohydraulic performance of TSAH. The results reveal that a lower flow attack angle exhibits enhanced heat transfer with a lower friction factor penalty. The nondimensional diameter greater than d/Dh = 0.325 tends to limit heat transfer and exhibits an increased friction factor. The transverse pitch parameter also exhibits a similar trend where the threshold nondimensional pitch is found to be 1.5. The highest improvement in Nu is 4.37 times that of smooth duct for d/Dh = 0.433, Pl/d = 1, Pt/d = 1.5 and α = 20° at Re = 6000. The highest rise in friction factor is about 10.23 times that of smooth duct for d/Dh = 0.433, Pl/d = 1.0, Pt/d = 1.5, and α = 20° at Re = 21,000. The highest thermohydraulic performance parameter (THPP) value is about 2.23 at Re = 6000, with THPP values ranging from 1.69 to 2.23 across different CWVG configurations. Finally, mathematical correlations are developed for Nu and friction factors which are in close agreement with CFD results, with deviations averaging 5.03% and 3.69%, respectively.

Optimizing High rise Building form for energy performance using Generative Design Framework

Optimizing High rise Building form for energy performance using Generative Design Framework

Seismic performance of slit steel plate shear walls strengthened by FRP laminate

Steel plate shear walls with slits are widely used in high–rise building structures due to their flexible arrangement and high ductility. After long-term service, cracks may occur in the slit steel plate shear walls due to repeated buckling and stress concentration. In this study, an FRP–steel composite slit steel plate shear wall was proposed to improve its mechanical performance and service function. Experimental and finite element analysis were conducted to investigate the performance of slit steel plate shear walls reinforced with FRP under low cycle reciprocating load. It was shown that the use of FRP to strengthen slit steel plates can effectively improve the out–of–plane stability of the structure and reduce the stress concentration at the slits. The stiffness and load–bearing capacity of the reinforced slit steel plate shear walls were significantly enhanced. The reinforcement effect of FRP did not significantly affect the energy dissipation capacity of the shear walls. A numerical study was performed to investigate the optimal orientation of the FRP arrangement. The analysis revealed that when the carbon fibers were arranged horizontally and vertically orthogonally, the structure exhibited better seismic properties. This study can not only improve the seismic performance of slit steel plate shear walls, but also have engineering implications for the seismic reinforcement of existing slit steel plate shear walls.

Evaluation of the effect of self-assembling peptide and fluoride varnish, alone or in combination with laser irradiation, on artificial enamel caries: a SEM/EDS and Micro-CT study.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of remineralization agents such as fluoride varnish and P11-4, alone and in combination with Er: YAG laser, on in-vitro hard tissue repair in artificial enamel lesions. A total of sixty enamel surfaces of 4 × 5mm in size were created on both the buccal and lingual sides of thirty extracted wisdom teeth. Remineralization agents were applied to the specimens that were grouped as follows: Group 1, control; Group 2, fluoride varnish (FV); Group 3, P11-4; Group 4, laser; Group 5, laser + FV; and Group 6, laser + P11-4. The fluorescence level was determined with DiagnoDent. The enamel mineral density, area and volume, and caries lesion area and volume were determined with micro-computed tomography (µCT), surface features were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental analysis was performed using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) . For specimens treated only with self-assembling peptide P11-4, the caries lesion area (mm2) values were 38.19 and 21.62, and the caries lesion volume (mm3) values were 6.27 and 2.99, respectively for pre- and post-treatment. In combination usage of self-assembling peptide P11-4 and laser, the caries lesion area (mm2) values were 38.39 and 16.91, and the caries lesion volume (mm3) values were 11.15 and 3.64, respectively for pre- and post-treatment. In the application of the P11-4 alone and in combination with laser, there was a statistically significant decrease in DiagnoDent values, an increase in enamel volume(mm3),enamel area(mm2) and mineral density(g/cm3) values and a decrease in caries lesion volume(mm3) and area(mm2) obtained by µCT, and an increase in %Ca and %F values obtained by SEM/EDS analysis (p < 0.05). It was discovered that the samples treated with P11-4 had a considerably higher rise in the Ca/P ratio than the samples treated with FV (p < 0.05). The calcium content increased significantly more when P11-4 application was combined with laser irradiation (p < 0.05). The combined use of self-assembling peptide P11-4 and laser accelerated the remineralization process and increased the remineralization capacity. FV and P11-4, alone or in combination with laser, can be successfully used as remineralization agents in initial enamel caries.

SHORT-TERM RESIDENTIAL ACCOMMODATION IN STRATA PREMISES: A LEGAL AND TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE

The perception of life changes towards quality living also plays a role in the demand for strata property, namely to live in a modern lifestyle by owning not just a house but a home with extensive housing conveniences and services such as security, privacy, covered parking space, gymnasium, swimming pool, landscaped garden and etc. In respect of short-term residential accommodation demand in strata units high rise buildings, notably, it is the current trend that the growth of high-rise buildings has dominated the real estate market. As a result, it produced rapid development in high-rise residential scheme. However, many residents are concern about privacy of the premise when the premise is overcrowded with STRA guests. The residents are concern that their privilege as residents will be affected with the presence of many STRA guests using the facilities in the apartments, which sometimes lead to nuisance in the premise. i.e. issues of parking, noise pollution and traffic congestion. In order to determine the legality of short-term residential accommodation in strata properties in Malaysia, comparative study with the position in New South Wales is made.

Global conservation priorities of coastal habitats towards extreme sea level rise risks

Approximately 70% of the world's largest megacities (>10 million people) are within 60 km of the coast, contributing to 50% of the world's GDP. Sea level rise will intensify coastal flood threats, making cities without sufficient habitat protection even more vulnerable. However, there is currently a lack of thorough evaluation at the global scale about conservation priorities based on the current habitat cover and the high sea level rise in order to adapt coastal flood risks. Here we assessed the disparity among habitat coverage, exposed population and extreme sea level rise to identify priority areas for future coastal conservation. These priority areas are characterized by a large population residing in low-elevation coastal zones (LECZs), high extreme sea levels (ESLs), and insufficient habitat coverages. In many highly populated countries like China and India, the flooding risk has been underestimated due to insufficient adaptation based on natural processes from coastal habitats. These highly populated countries are especially concerning because they have comparatively less vegetation protection capability and are subjected to high ESLs. Globally, Asian and European nations, such as China, Japan, Bangladesh, Viet Nam, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Germany, have the highest potential for mitigating coastal risks through natural habitat conservation and restoration. We found that the main contributors to variations in the extreme sea level rise risks are not due to exposure headcounts (6%), but due to inadequate habitat cover (42%), which can be improved through targeted conservation and restoration. Our research identified the global priorities for managing climate resilience that most urgently require ecosystem conservation and restoration in order to prepare for the risks of coastal flooding.

External Cooling and Degradation Interplay in Lithium-Ion Battery Fast Charging

Fast charging of Li-ion batteries involves key challenges such as lithium plating, mechanical stress formation, high temperature rise, and non-uniform temperature distributions. The advancement of thermal management systems to maintain an optimal cell temperature distribution and minimize degradation is critical to enable fast charging. This work analyzes the various degradation modes, including lithium plating, solid electrolyte interphase growth, and mechanical stresses in large-format Li-ion cells during fast charging, and delineates their dependence on external cooling conditions. Based on the cell design and operating conditions, unique attributes related to the evolution of internal thermal gradients, spatiotemporal lithium plating response, and the formation of mechanical stress hotspots are delineated. Further, optimal external cooling configurations that enable longer life and safety under fast charging conditions are determined. The study provides guidance toward the design of next-generation battery thermal management systems for Li-ion batteries with fast charging capabilities.

A Proactive and Positive Safety Mindset for Construction of High Rise building

A Proactive and Positive Safety Mindset for Construction of High Rise building

Effect of nonlinear terms in piston theory on characteristics of panel flutter

Currently, there is no systematic summary of the influence of the nonlinear terms in piston theory on the panel flutter. The two-dimensional nonlinear panel flutter equations under supersonic airflow based on the first, second, and third-order piston theories is established. The stability of the heated panel is analyzed by using the Lyapunov's indirect method, and the panel flutter equations are numerically solved based on the numerical analysis method to investigate the influence of the nonlinear terms in piston theory on the panel flutter. The results show that: ①Under a small temperature rise ratio, the panel response under the first-order piston theory only exhibits the convergent motion and single-period limit cycle flutter. While under higher-order piston theories, the panel response is more complex, exhibiting more complex nonlinear dynamic phenomena such as multi-period limit cycle flutter and chaotic motion in addition to the aforementioned characteristics. ②As the Mach number increases, the required dynamic pressure and temperature rise ratio decrease gradually when the dynamic response of the panel under the first-order piston theory and higher-order piston theories exhibit significant differences. ③The significant differences in the computational results of the second-order and third-order piston theory appear under the high Mach numbers and relatively high dynamic pressures, and the same phenomenon occurs underthe high temperature rise ratios. ④When the dynamic response characteristics of the panel are basically consistent, the displacement response peak calculated by using the higher-order piston theory is usually smaller than the result calculated by using the first-order piston theory, and the maximum error can reach about 16.66%. The present results have certain reference value for selecting the appropriate analysis method for the panel flutter under different conditions in practical applications.

Development and application of a simplified biophysical model to study deltaic and coastal ecosystems

Many coastal regions around the globe experience land loss due to high relative sea level rise rates, declining sediment supply, and a host of other anthropogenic factors. To evaluate possible restoration strategies, we developed a computationally efficient Simplified Biophysical Model (SBM). The SBM includes hydrodynamic, morphodynamic, and marsh inundation components. The hydrodynamic and mineral sediment processes of the SBM are based on open source Delft3D models. The marsh inundation MATLAB module is a simplified vegetation response to salinity and inundation used to estimate annual organic accretion rates. Organic accretion is added annually to the morphodynamic calculations of mineral sediment. The typical run time for the SBM for an area of 4500 km2 is ∼0.8, 2.5, and 4.7 days real time for one, three, and five decade simulations, respectively which is considered a computationally efficient for modeling decadal landscape evolution. The utility of the SBM was demonstrated through an application to assess the performance of a sediment diversion in the Barataria Basin in Louisiana, USA. The model results demonstrate the importance of incorporating the impact of salinity and inundation effects on the resilience of marshes subjected to high rates of relative sea level rise. Further, the sediment reduction analysis confirms the critical impact of the Mississippi River sediment decline on potential land building from sediment diversions where 1.5%, and 3% annual declining rates show a reduction in net land gain due to Mid-Barataria Sediment Diversion operation of 30% and 50 %, respectively. This highlights the importance of considering the Mississippi River sediment supply decline in restoration projects’ planning and specifically, sediment diversions.

Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Standard Concrete by using locally available Calcareous and Siliceous Material

Abstract: The investigates is basically on the Rheological and Mechanical properties of standard concrete by using Locally available Calcareous and Siliceous material and a comparative study is done for the rheological parameter for mixes with or without using superplasticizer. For rheological parameter, various mixes with water cement ratio of 0.45 and slump value of 120 mm were prepared for the experiment by replacing different percent as (0%,5%,10%,15%) of locally available material such as Metakaolin and tested with German based instrument ICAR Rheometer. Test on Rheometer is done to study flow property of concrete so that concrete mixes can be pumped to high rise building properly. As per the finding, as the metakaolin percentage were increased the static yield and dynamic yield stress decreases this indicate that it is easy to pump at higher blending. For mechanical properties, mixes were prepared and test Performed is compressive strength test. The findings of this experiment have important implication for construction industry basically in the high-rise structure

Effects of buoyancy on the spherical flame and explosion pressure of a CH4 mixture under dilution conditions

To determine the effects of buoyancy on the spherical flame and explosion pressure under dilution conditions, a series of explosion experiments were conducted in a 20-L spherical container. The schlieren technique was used to record CH4 flames to assess the buoyancy effect. The change in the explosion pressure was recorded and correlated with the flame shape to analyze the explosion characteristics. The methane explosion occurred in two stages: initial ignition and flame development. During initial ignition, the addition of CO2 caused the flame buoyancy to increase considerably. Flames with different buoyancies had different shapes, such as spherical, ellipsoidal, and “ω” shapes. The radius of the flame at 12 mm may serve as the threshold for the onset of buoyancy effects; once the radius exceeds this value, the flame could deform due to buoyancy effects. Increasing the added CO2 concentration caused the buoyancy effect to be enhanced and appear at a very low radius of the flame. The combined effects of buoyancy and dilution reduced the flame expansion speed. The difference between the horizontal and upward expansion speeds linearly increased with the CO2 concentration. At a high CO2 concentration, the flame stagnated at speeds below 0.5 m/s. During flame development, CO2 addition made the flame surface smoother. Suppressing the cellular flame structure delayed the maximum explosion pressure rise rate and reduced the pressure peak. A coupled analysis of the flame shape and the maximum explosion pressure rise rate showed a dense cellular structure for a high explosion pressure rise rate and a smooth flame surface for a low maximum explosion pressure rise rate. The size and number of cellular structures for different mixtures were similar at a fixed maximum explosion pressure rise rate.

Interference effect of buildings on high rise power station chimney subjected to wind: a numerical modelling approach

Interference effect of buildings on high rise power station chimney subjected to wind: a numerical modelling approach

Contrasting organic carbon respiration pathways in coastal wetlands undergoing accelerated sea level changes

Carbon cycling in coastal wetland soil is controlled by a complex interplay between microbial processes and porewater chemistry that are often influenced by various external forcings like wind, river discharge, and sea-level changes, where most of the organic carbon is mineralized to its inorganic form by various aerobic and anaerobic respiration pathways. The export of this inorganic carbon (DIC) from coastal wetlands has long been recognized as a significant component of the global carbon cycle. The major objective of this work is to determine the relative contribution of various respiration pathways to seasonal DIC production in two contrasting marshes (brackish and salt). The DIC fluxes estimates for the brackish and salt marshes were found to range between 36.52 ± 5.81 and 33.98 ± 2.21 mmol m−2 d−1 in winter and 133.10 ± 102.60 and 82.37 ± 30.87 mmol m−2 d−1 during summer of 2020. For the brackish marsh, aerobic respiration and iron reduction were found to be the primary contributors to DIC production representing 17.91–35.21 % and 61.13–81.97 % of total measured organic matter (OM) respiration respectively. On the other hand, aerobic respiration and sulfate reduction were the primary contributors to DIC production in the salt marsh, accounting for 37.91–83.93 % and 15.87–62.04 % of the total measured OM respiration respectively. The Mississippi River Deltaic Plain experiences high relative sea level rise and expected to undergo rapid change in salinity regime in near future from additional changes in river discharge, proposed sediment diversion plans, and storm surge intensities. The current study represents the first attempt to concurrently estimate various respiration pathways in this region and more studies are needed to understand the trajectories of soil OM respiration pathways and its impact on coastal carbon cycling.

The Appraisal of Fire Active System for Low-Cost High Rise Residential Building in Penang, Malaysia

The Appraisal of Fire Active System for Low-Cost High Rise Residential Building in Penang, Malaysia

Building Mass Optimization to Reduce Solar Radiation in High Rise Building by Using Parametric Approach

Buildings use 40% of global primary energy, therefore their design and use affect climate change. Building performance analysis can assist architects predict performance before construction with parametric design tools. Radiance can be reduced via a parametric mass, lowering cooling load and energy use. The study uses theoretical and computational research to explain, forecast, and analyze events, whereas parametric design optimizes complicated geometries using mathematical parameters and algorithms. Environmental analysis in Grasshopper with the Ladybug plugin uses Rhinoceros. This plugin provides solar radiation, and climate analysis capabilities. To determine the most energy-efficient building design, the research links independent and dependent variables such solar radiation intensity and building mass. The study uses Surabaya weather data and high rise buildings. The land is formed like a square, with a 15-degree slope to the north and is flanked by low-rise buildings. As a result, the location receives the most direct sunlight during the day. Then, solar radiation analysis. It helps optimize passive solar design solutions. According to the modelling results, solar radiation on the top and west sides are particularly large and dominant in 65.37 and 32.69 kWh/m2. Meanwhile, the north, east and south sides receive very little solar radiation. The following simulation considers the optimal direction, which is to extend west-east and face to the south. A multi-towered megastructure is a high-rise building that responds best to solar radiation. The total solar radiation value is 3,718,100 kWh. It can accommodate large spaces with large mass composition but relatively low total solar radiation values. The building towers provide shade to each other, thereby reducing direct radiation from the sun to the building. The sides of the building's podium are also shaded, so the top of the building is partially red.