High Levels Of Recall Research Articles

Complementary approaches to searching MEDLINE may be sufficient for updating systematic reviews

ObjectivesTo maximize the proportion of relevant studies identified for inclusion in systematic reviews (recall), complex time-consuming Boolean searches across multiple databases are common. Although MEDLINE provides excellent coverage of health science evidence, it has proved challenging to achieve high levels of recall through Boolean searches alone. Study Design and SettingRecall of one Boolean search method, the clinical query (CQ), combined with a ranking method, support vector machine (SVM), or PubMed-related articles, was tested against a gold standard of studies added to 6 updated Cochrane reviews and 10 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) evidence reviews. For the AHRQ sample, precision and temporal stability were examined for each method. ResultsRecall of new studies was 0.69 for the CQ, 0.66 for related articles, 0.50 for SVM, 0.91 for the combination of CQ and related articles, and 0.89 for the combination of CQ and SVM. Precision was 0.11 for CQ and related articles combined, and 0.11 for CQ and SVM combined. Related articles showed least stability over time. ConclusionsThe complementary combination of a Boolean search strategy and a ranking strategy appears to provide a robust method for identifying relevant studies in MEDLINE.

A Place for Every Event and Every Event in Its Place: Memory for Locations and Activities by 4-Year-Old Children

Episodic memories are of specific events and experiences associated with particular times and places. Whereas memory for the temporal aspects of past events has been a focus of research attention, memory for the location in which events were experienced has been less fully investigated. The limited developmental research suggests that preschool-age children, in particular, may have difficulty remembering the location in which they experienced specific events. In 2 experiments, 4-year-old children engaged in 4 unique activities in 4 unique locations in and around a laboratory suite. In Experiment 1, the children had high levels of recall of the activities, the locations, and the conjunctions of activities and locations, implying that they had formed memory representations that featured activities bound in locations. In Experiment 2, we tested whether 1 element of the bound representation—the location of an activity—served as a reliable cue to recall of the other element—the activity itself. The test was positive, providing further evidence that 4-year-old children form mnemonic conjunctions of activities and locations. The results imply that important elements of episodic memory are available to young children.

Information Behavior within the Humanities: Searching or Browsing, Recall or Precision? Researching the Information Needs of Academics: the Case Study of the Faculty of History of the University of Warsaw


 PURPOSE/THESIS: The aim of this research was to discover the characteristics of information behavior among the scholars whose academic focus lies within the field of humanities. Recognizing the importance of local conditions and their impact on information behavior, the researcher conducted her empirical study on a group of Polish academics, i.e. the employees of the Faculty of History at the University of Warsaw. Particular emphasis was put on establishing (1) how academics retrieve required literature, (2) what factors may influence the degree of satisfaction from the query, (3) how crucial was the level of results’ relevance and (4) whether academics assign greater importance to query recall or precision. APPROACH/METHODS: Empirical research was preceded by the analysis of subject literature enabling the author of the paper to outline several internationally observed tendencies in information behavior of academics, and to formulate theses with regard to Polish academics. These were verified on the basis of 54 in-depth interviews with the employees of the Faculty of History at the University of Warsaw and their ordered queries of academic literature. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Research results have indicated that humanities scholars prefer browsing document sets characterized by a high level of recall as a method of retrieving required subject literature. Due to the difficulty in formulating query instructions with sufficient precision, they less frequently choose the method of searching for document sets characterized by high precision factor. The need to browse through irrelevant titles was found to have no significant impact on the level of user satisfaction. Additional research has also indicated that academic texts databases are still insufficiently adjusted to the needs of humanities scholars. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The research has allowed to describe information behavior of humanities scholars with regard to the use of digital technologies in the research process, which so far has not taken place in the case of Polish academic community.
 

Effectiveness of advertising formats in television

Advertising in television is developing beyond traditional commercial breaks. This trend requires considering how advertising and the content of television programmes can be used together with business aims. This study compares, in a real environment, the cognitive, affective and behavioural effects of a non-conventional advertising format, telepromotion, to those of a spot (conventional television commercial) on television audiences. Telepromotion obtained much higher levels of recall than spots. However, the quality of recall achieved by telepromotion was inferior to that obtained by spots. The results also show that telepromotion generates a higher recall, this may be directly related to a negative rating by the target audience.

Similarity Flooding for Efficient Distributed Discovery of OWL-S Process Model in P2P Networks

Abstract Due the increasing number of published Semantic Web services (SWs) rendered the distributed discovery within repositories a critical issue and a major problem that can reduce the capability and functionality of SWs in terms of efficiency and scalability. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) computing is considered as the most dominant technology to discover new distributed and heterogeneous collaborative applications for SWs. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach for improving the performance and effectiveness of automatic and cooperative discovery of large-scale distributed systems in the unstructured P2P networks. The approach exploits a scalable epidemic algorithm that uses different sources of network knowledge, such as exponential distribution, to fulfill the users requirements in order to ensure high recall, further reduce the number of messages exchanged and reduce the execution time for discovering SWs in the unstructured P2P network. In order to improve the applicability of the scalable epidemic algorithm for discovering SWs, we propose the semantic matching of OWL-S process model which improves the recall while keeping an acceptable matching quality level. The experimental results show that our efficient approach is able dynamically to adapt to network changes and preserve high levels of recall.

Evaluation of Recursive Background Subtraction Algorithms for Real-Time Passenger Counting at Bus Rapid Transit System

This work discusses a method to count the number of passengers waiting in Bus Rapid Transit station. The proposed system relies on computer vision technique to monitor the movement of passengers crossing doors on the station. In this work, three background subtraction techniques, namely, Running Gaussian Average, Gaussian Mixture Model, and Adaptive Gaussian Mixture Model, were used to count the passengers crossing an entrance on a BRT station from a pre-recorded motion picture. The results indicates that the tree algorithms are able to identify the passenger crossing with a reasonable high level of recall and but low level of precision. These results indicates that many false positives are identified by the three algorithms. In addition, the empirical data indicate that the three algorithms tend to have better performance with higher value of the learning rate.

Comparing the Recall to Pleasant and Unpleasant Face Pictures in Depressed and Manic Individuals

The main purpose of the present study is to compare the perception of recalling pleasant and unpleasant face pictures in the case of depressed and manic people. Methodology: The present study is an analysis based on a comparative type research; the statistical sample is made up of depressed and manic people (males) referred to LAVASANI Hospital in Tehran City using Beck’s depression questionnaire and a diagnostic interview based on (SCID) DSMIV 30 depressed individuals who were selected after the process of screening. Ranging from moderate to high depression levels (with a cut-off point of 21 and higher), samples of 30 people with manic and 30 depressed people were compared with 30 healthy individuals. It should be mentioned that three groups were convergent in terms of age, gender, marital status and educational level. Then, a test involving computer-based cognitive-neural recall (emotional facial Pictures) was carried out on the related subjects. Findings: A t test of both independent groups was used to evaluate the convergence of the groups and multi variable bilateral variance analysis (MANOVA) was used to assess the pleasant and unpleasant perception of images among three groups. The results of the study showed that there is a difference among three groups in terms of recalling pleasant and unpleasant faces so that the depressed group shows a higher level of recall in terms of unpleasant images than the other two groups, but it indicates little recall of pleasant images in comparison to the other two groups (p Conclusion: The findings of the present study include some explicit outcomes in relation to the application of therapeutic approaches and concentrated educational methods on the amendment of emotional bias in depressed and manic people.

Dying scenarios improve recall as much as survival scenarios

Merely contemplating one's death improves retention for entirely unrelated material learned subsequently. This “dying to remember” effect seems conceptually related to the survival processing effect, whereby processing items for their relevance to being stranded in the grasslands leads to recall superior to that of other deep processing control conditions. The present experiments directly compared survival processing scenarios with “death processing” scenarios. Results showed that when the survival and dying scenarios are closely matched on key dimensions, and possible congruency effects are controlled, the dying and survival scenarios produced equivalently high recall levels. We conclude that the available evidence (cf. Bell, Roer, & Buchner, 2013; Klein, 2012), while not definitive, is consistent with the possibility of overlapping mechanisms.

The effects of thoughts of survival and thoughts of death on recall in the adaptive memory paradigm

In a recent paper Hart and Burns (2012) presented evidence that conditions that prime thoughts of one's mortality benefit recall. Drawing on the conceptual relation between thoughts of death and thoughts of survival, Hart and Burns interpret their findings as suggestive of the possibility that death-related thoughts function in manner similar to survival-related thoughts in enhancing recall. In the present study I draw on evolutionary arguments to question whether a conceptual relation between thoughts of death and thoughts of survival translates into a functional relation. I then present data showing that while death-related thoughts can promote high levels of recall, (a) the level achieved does not match that produced by survival processing and (b) survival and death cognition likely rely on different mechanisms to achieve their effects.

The natural history of antismoking advertising recall: the influence of broadcasting parameters, emotional intensity and executional features

BackgroundThe necessary first steps for televised media campaign effects are population exposure and recall. To maximise the impact of campaign funding, it is critical to identify modifiable factors that increase...

Mining the impact of evolution categories on object-oriented metrics

Despite the relevance of the software evolution phase, there are few characterization studies on recurrent evolution growth patterns and on their impact on software properties, such as coupling and cohesion. In this paper, we report a study designed to investigate whether the software evolution categories proposed by Lanza can be used to explain not only the growth of a system in terms of lines of code (LOC), but also in terms of metrics from the Chidamber and Kemerer (CK) object-oriented metrics suite. Our results show that high levels of recall (ranging on average from 52 to 72 %) are achieved when using LOC to predict the evolution of coupling and size. For cohesion, we have achieved smaller recall rates (<27 % on average).

Modeling learning and memory using verbal learning tests: results from ACTIVE.

To investigate the influence of memory training on initial recall and learning. The Advanced Cognitive Training for Independent and Vital Elderly study of community-dwelling adults older than age 65 (n = 1,401). We decomposed trial-level recall in the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) into initial recall and learning across trials using latent growth models. Trial-level increases in words recalled in the AVLT and HVLT at each follow-up visit followed an approximately logarithmic shape. Over the 5-year study period, memory training was associated with slower decline in Trial 1 AVLT recall (Cohen's d = 0.35, p = .03) and steep pre- and posttraining acceleration in learning (d = 1.56, p < .001). Findings were replicated using the HVLT (decline in initial recall, d = 0.60, p = .01; pre- and posttraining acceleration in learning, d = 3.10, p < .001). Because of the immediate training boost, the memory-trained group had a higher level of recall than the control group through the end of the 5-year study period despite faster decline in learning. This study contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms by which training benefits memory and expands current knowledge by reporting long-term changes in initial recall and learning, as measured from growth models and by characterization of the impact of memory training on these components. Results reveal that memory training delays the worsening of memory span and boosts learning.

Automatic Protein Abbreviations Discovery and Resolution from Full-Text Scientific Papers: The PRAISED Framework

Abstract This paper describes a methodology for discovering and resolving protein names abbreviations from the full-text versions of scientific articles, implemented in the PRAISED framework with the ultimate purpose of building up a publicly available abbreviation repository. Three processing steps lie at the core of the framework: i) an abbreviation identification phase, carried out via domain-independent metrics, whose purpose is to identify all possible abbreviations within a scientific text; ii) an abbreviation resolution phase, which takes into account a number of syntactical and semantic criteria in order to match an abbreviation with its potential explanation; and iii) a dictionary-based protein name identification, which is meant to select only those abbreviations belonging to the protein science domain. A local copy of the UniProt database is used as a source repository for all the known proteins. The PRAISED implementation has been tested against several known annotated corpora, such as the Medstract Gold Standard Corpus, the AB3P Corpus, the BioText Corpus and the Ao and Takagi Corpus, obtaining significantly high levels of recall and extremely fast performance, while also keeping promising levels of precision and overall f-measure, in comparison to the most relevant similar methods. This comparison has been carried out up to Phase 2, since those methods stop at expanding abbreviations, without performing any entity recognition. Instead, the entity recognition performed in the last phase provides PRAISED with an effective strategy for protein discovery, thus moving further from existing context-free techniques. Furthermore, this implementation also addresses the complexity of full-text papers, instead of the simpler abstracts more generally used. As such, the whole PRAISED process (Phase 1, 2 and 3) has been also tested against a manually annotated subset of full-text papers retrieved from the PubMed repository, with significant results as well.

تذکر القراء للکاریکاتیر فی الصحافة المصریة دراسة شبه تجریبیة على عینة من الشباب الجامعی.

تمثلت أهداف الدراسة في الکشف عن تذکر القراء للکاريکاتير في الصحف المصرية المطبوعة في ضوء المتغيرات البحثية (المجلة المفضلة للجمهور ــ المضمون المفضل للجمهور ـ الفرق الزمني بين التعرض للکاريکاتير والتذکر). أداة الدراسة: تم إجراء البحث الميداني من خلال صحيفة الاستقصاء على عينة قوامها 66 مفردة من طلاب الفرقة الثالثة تخصص صحافة وإذاعة في کلية التربية ـ جامعة عين شمس، بالتطبيق على مجلة صباح الخير الصادرة في 29 مارس 2011م. نتائج الدراسة: 1ـ تصدر مجلة صباح الخير مستوى التذکر المرتفع. 2ــ وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في درجات التذکر بين المبحوثين في مستوى التذکر. 3ـ لا يوجد تأثير للفارق الزمني بين التعرض للکاريکاتير والتذکر. 4ـ ملاءمة فروض نظرية معالجة المعلومات للبحث الحالي. Researcher name: Dr. Lamiya el-Behery Assistant Professor of Journalism, Department of Media, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University Research Title: Remember the readers of the comics in the Egyptian press semi-experimental study on a sample of university youth. Objectives of the study: It is to reveal the readers' recollections of the comics in the Egyptian printed newspapers in the light of the research variables (the public's favorite magazine - the public's favorite content - the time difference between the exposure of the comics and remembering). Study tool: The field research was carried out through the survey newspaper on a sample of 66 singles of the third year students specializing in journalism and radio at the Faculty of Education - Ain Shams University, applied to the magazine good morning issued on 29 March 2011. The most important Results: 1. Sabah Elkher magazine has a high level of recall. 2 - There are statistically significant differences in the degrees of remembering among the respondents in the level of remembering. 3- There is no effect of the time difference between exposure to comics and remember. 4- the appropriateness of the hypotheses of the theory of information processing for the current research.

Performance of South African Adolescents on Two Versions of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test

In South Africa the multicultural and multilinguistic nature of society has impacted on the cultural appropriateness of psychological tests. In the assessment of memory and learning, tasks such as the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) are widely used although they may not be standardised for the South African context. We investigated how South African learners performed on the RAVLT as well as on an adapted version of this test, the South African List Learning Test (SALLT). The impact of language differences on performance was also noted. Subjects were 54 first (L1) and second language (L2) English speaking secondary school learners. Results indicated that South African learners achieved a higher level of recall on the SALLT than on the Euro-American RAVLT. Findings confirmed the impact of language experience on performance and highlight the necessity for the development and standardisation of culturally relevant psychological tests in South Africa.

A Field Test of the Effectiveness of Different Print Layouts: A Mixed Model Field Experiment in Alternative Advertising

This article investigates the effectiveness of bathroom print ads. Using liquor as the product domain, field study data (n = 146) indicate a high level of ad (60%) and product category (80%) recall. Contrary to the literature and the researchers’ hypothesis, respondents had a significantly higher level of recall for copy dominant than for visual dominant ads. Hypotheses suggesting that color advertisements would outperform non-color advertisements and interactions between ages and visual-based versus copy-based stimuli and gender and visual-based versus copy-based stimuli were not supported by the data. The implications for practitioners of the effectiveness of copy rich ads and suggested directions for future research are discussed.

The future-orientation of memory: Planning as a key component mediating the high levels of recall found with survival processing

In a series of papers, Nairne and colleagues have demonstrated that tasks encouraging participants to judge words for relevance to survival led to better recall than did tasks lacking survival relevance. Klein, Robertson, and Delton (2010) presented data suggesting that the future-directed temporal orientation of the survival task (e.g., planning), rather than survival per se, accounts for the good recall found with the task. In the present studies we manipulated the amount of survival and planning processing encouraged by a set of encoding tasks. Participants performed tasks that encouraged processing stimuli for their relevance to (a) both survival and planning, (b) planning, but not survival, or (c) survival but not planning. We predicted, and found, that recall performance associated with tasks encouraging planning (i.e., survival with planning and planning without survival) should exceed tasks that encouraged survival but not planning (i.e., survival without planning). We draw several conclusions. First, planning is a necessary component of the superior recall found in the survival paradigm. Second, memory, from an evolutionary perspective, is inherently prospective—tailored by natural selection to support future decisions and judgements that cannot be known in advance with certainty.

Empirical studies of clinical supervision in psychiatric nursing: A systematic literature review and methodological critique

The objective of this paper was to systematically review and critically evaluate all English language research papers reporting empirical studies of clinical supervision in psychiatric nursing. The first part of the search strategy was a combination of brief and building block strategies in the PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases. The second part was a citation pearl growing strategy with reviews of 179 reference lists. In total, the search strategy demonstrated a low level of precision and a high level of recall. Thirty four articles met the criteria of the review and were systematically evaluated using three checklists. The findings were summarized by using a new checklist with nine overall questions regarding the studies' design, methods, findings, and limitations. The studies were categorized as: (i) effect studies; (ii) survey studies; (iii) interview studies; and (iv) case studies. In general, the studies were relatively small scale; they used relatively new and basic methods for data collection and analysis, and rarely included sufficient strategies for identifying confounding factors or how the researchers' preconceptions influenced the analyses. Empirical research of clinical supervision in psychiatric nursing was characterized by a basic lack of agreement about which models and instruments to use. Challenges and recommendations for future research are discussed. Clinical supervision in psychiatric nursing was commonly perceived as a good thing, but there was limited empirical evidence supporting this claim.

Children's subjective identification with social groups: A group‐reference effect approach

A study is reported that seeks to examine 5‐, 7‐, and 10‐year‐old children's internalization of in‐groups within the self‐concept. Methodologically, the study draws upon the self‐reference effect, extending it to the group‐level identity. In particular, it was found that participants' encoding of information with reference to in‐groups (family, age, gender) facilitated recall to the same degree as when information had been encoded with reference to the personal self. Both self‐ and group‐reference encoding were associated with higher levels of recall than were control conditions. These findings suggest that group memberships are integral parts of children's self‐concepts.

Plot and see! Maternal comprehension of growth charts worldwide

To evaluate maternal comprehension of growth charts used in growth monitoring and promotion (GMP), a worldwide programme with important budgets but contrasting results. Systematic literature review through MEDLINE, POPLINE, Global Health, ERIC and the Cochrane Library with the keywords 'growth monitoring' or 'growth chart' limited to the title/abstract field and to the 0-5 years age range. Twenty studies from Asia (8), Africa (8) and Latin America/Caribbean (3) were included in the review. The results of the 14 non-intervention, cross-sectional studies provide convincing evidence that a third to three-fourths of carers in developing countries do not understand the growth charts. Literacy had a strong effect on women's ability to interpret the cards. Appropriate training and educational activities also increased substantially maternal comprehension as demonstrated in five of the six intervention trials. Many carers have poor comprehension of growth charts, but their comprehension increases not only with literacy, but also with training. Activities aimed at improving communication skills of health staff and at empowering parents to practice responsive parenting could greatly improve GMP outcomes.