Macronutrient composition of Button Grass, Curly Mitchell Grass, Native Millet and Weeping Grass grains for their potential in modern food applications

Physicochemical and functional properties of high-protein flour for lentil-rice meat analog nuggets.

A metabolomics approach to commercial protease enzyme hydrolysis of gourami meat.

Solea aegyptiaca gelatin (GSA) is a promising alternative to conventional gelatin. With a yield of 9.64% after 9h, it was produced by alkali pretreatment followed by acid extraction. GSA exhibited a positive surface charge (+ 2.88mV), a pH of 4.96, and high protein and low lipid contents (79.6% and 0.2%, respectively). SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed its typical gelatin profile, showing β, α1, and α2 chains. The FTIR spectra displayed characteristic Amide A, I, II, and III bands. The gel demonstrated good textural properties, with a gel strength of 209.85g and a hardness of 953.41g. Thermal analysis indicated a gelation temperature of 6.5°C and good thermal reversibility. GSA showed significant emulsifying capacity (25.97m2/g) and moderate foaming properties, suggesting its potential application in confectionery products, dairy desserts, and aerated bakery formulations. Moreover, its marine origin makes it suitable for consumers with religious or dietary restrictions. The results support the development of alternative gelatin sources with industrial relevance by providing new information on adding value to fish processing residues. This study advances the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, specifically SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) by valuing waste, SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) by encouraging the development of sustainable biomaterials, and SDG 14 (Life Below Water) by promoting the responsible use of marine resources. Ultimately, the study promotes sustainable material development and circular bioeconomy strategies.

Functional and physicochemical properties of fava bean protein concentrates obtained from isoelectric pH precipitation and membrane ultrafiltration

Characterization of HRS wheat stone-milled refined flour: A comparative study with conventional flours

• Solid-state fermentation improved the nutritional profile of flaxseed oil cake. • Incubation for 120 h increased protein digestibility and reduced antinutrients. • SDS-PAGE confirmed fermentation-induced structural modifications in proteins. • Fermented flaxseed oil cake can act as a functional food ingredient. Waste valorization represents a critical strategy to address the sustainability challenge while simultaneously harnessing the nutritional profile of agro-industrial by-products. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) offers a promising solution to upcycle various agro-industrial waste into edible biomass, with enhanced nutritional bioavailability and functional properties. In the present study, flaxseed oil cake (FOC) was subjected to monocultural fermentation using Rhizopus oryzae for different incubation times. The highest protein (42.67%) and fat content (10.05%) were observed at 72 and 120 h of fermentation, respectively. An increase in free phenolic content (23% increase) after 72 h, whereas a decrease in bound phenolics (20% decrease) was observed after 120 h of fermentation. The fermented FOC exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity with increased DPPH (18.09%) and FRAP (56.63%) than unfermented FOC. Fermentation led to alterations in fatty acid profile where oleic acid content increased by 1.22-fold, whereas linoleic and linolenic acid decreased by approximately 1-fold and 0.8-fold, respectively. On the other hand, a complete removal of hydrocyanic acid was observed with a 12% decrease in phytic acid. SEM micrographs confirmed surface degradation due to fermentation, and the peak shifts in the FTIR graph in the amide region (1200-1700 cm -1 ) revealed changes in functional groups. SDS-PAGE showed that the protein molecular weight decreased to approximately 25 kDa from 55 kDa, confirming the occurrence of proteolysis during fermentation. Functional properties such as water, oil holding, and swelling capacity were enhanced. SSF upcycles flaxseed oilcake by improving the nutritional and functional qualities, making it a promising nutrient-rich plant-based ingredient.

Impact of injection time and protein modality on particle formation when using closed system transfer devices.

The toddler milk intervention trial (ToMI): A randomized controlled trial on the effect of protein content in young child formula on BMI and growth.

Adipose-derived stem cell exosomes attenuated fibroblast senescence by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress through SIRT1.

Screening for novel chemical scaffolds targeting PCNA identifies the Hsp90alpha inhibitor SNX-2112.

The evolving role of single-molecule force spectroscopy in protein biophysics.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex progressive disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Circulating serum biomarkers have the potential to optimize diagnosis and prognosis in PAH. The cellular communication network (CCN) protein family is a group of similarly structured matricellular proteins with many roles ranging from fibrosis to malignancy. Individual CCN proteins have been associated with PAH in previous studies, but no study has evaluated multiple CCN proteins as potentially relevant biomarkers in PAH. This study sought to establish associations using the circulating concentrations of measurable CCN proteins and PAH diagnosis, severity, outcomes, and other biomarkers. Serum levels of CCN1, CCN2, CCN3, and CCN6 were measured utilizing 225 patients from the PAH Biobank (PAHBiobank) with available hemodynamic data and 40 control samples. Serum levels of CCN1, 2, 3, and 6 proteins were significantly increased in PAH compared to controls. CCN1, CCN2, and CCN3 were associated with a lower 6-min walk distance. CCN2 and CCN3 were also associated with worse New York Heart Association Functional Class. Higher CCN2 and CCN3 levels correlated with higher levels of Endostatin and NT-proBNP. CCN6 was not significantly associated with any hemodynamic or clinical variables in the PAH cohort. Our results suggest that multiple CCN proteins are increased in PAH and that CCN2 and CCN3 have the most potential as novel biomarkers in PAH.

The dental pellicle is a continuously forming layer present at the interface between oral surfaces and saliva. It protects the dental surfaces by shielding against chemical and mechanical damages. The pellicle represents the basis for further biofilm development, and its formation starts after oral hygiene through the adsorption of mostly salivary proteins to all exposed oral surfaces. In spite of its important physiologic role, its formation process and composition are not yet revealed in all details. The objective of the current study was 1) to visualize and elucidate the individual proteomic composition of the very early (only a few seconds) formed in situ pellicle, named seconds-pellicle, and 2) to analyze changes in its ultrastructure and proteomic composition over time. Transmission electron microscopic analyses demonstrated the seconds-pellicle to consist of an already continuous electron-dense layer without a detectable increase in thickness within the first minutes of formation. Proteomic analyses showed it to consist of up to 841 proteins on an individual level, without elevating protein content or diversity over the first minutes. Analyses of several pellicle formation times enabled the detection of changes over time and the first direct verification of protein desorptions occurring during pellicle formation. Comparisons between the salivary and pellicle proteomes at the different formation times revealed insights in the amount of substance of single pellicle proteins over time. The present study provides first evidence that the pellicle forms instantaneously and dynamically on solid surfaces in the oral cavity. Furthermore, the data suggest these first proteins to be replaced by proteins adsorbing with higher selectivity to stabilize the pellicle within the first minutes of its formation. These insights represent the basis for selective modifications of the pellicle layer to control the originating biofilm and develop preventive strategies for oral biofilm management.

Emerging pretreatment technologies for agricultural wastes in single cell protein production

Electrical screening of biological defects in single helical proteins

HTRA1 and brain disorders: A balancing act across neurodegeneration and repair.

Engineered Liposomal Quercetin Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Targeted HMGB1-NF-κB Suppression.

Soybean is a vital crop in Egypt, recognized for their high oil and protein content. Although damping-off and root-rot diseases pose significant threats to soybean production and quality, El-Giza-R.s6 (NCBI accession number PX694340) exhibited the highest aggressiveness among the Rhizoctonia solani isolates in vivo. Salicylic acid (SA) and glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt (GAS), in both nanoparticles (NPs) and bulk form, significantly inhibited the linear growth of R. solani in PDA medium at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 3.0 ml/L concentrations, particularly by increasing SA and GAS concentrations to 3 ml/L in nanoparticles than in their bulk forms. GAS and SA, both in bulk form and as NPS at concentrations of 1.0, 1.5 and 3 ml/L, along with the fungicide Topsin-M 70®, significantly reduced R. solani damping-off and root-rot diseases, while also increasing plant survival in greenhouse and field trials. Among all treatments, Topsin-M 70® was the most effective, followed by SA-NPs and GAS-NPs at a concentration of 3 ml/L. Furthermore, soybean root cross-sections examined under a light microscope showed that these treatments prevented the plants from harmful anatomical changes caused by the pathogenic fungus in the epidermis, cortex, and vascular cylinder structure due to artificial infestation in vivo. Additionally, these treatments notably enhanced the enzyme activity of β-1,3-glucanase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase in soybean leaves compared to both infested and uninfested controls. During the 2024 and 2025 growing seasons in El-Menuofia Governorate, SA-NPs, Topsin-M 70®, and GAS-NPs were the most effective treatments, significantly improving soybean yield and its components.

Halogenated phenolic disinfectants suppress 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 activity in human and rat models: Experimental and computational evidence.