High Prevalence Of Periodontal Disease Research Articles

High prevalence of periodontitis in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes.

The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of periodontitis in children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes, and if poor glycemic control is associated with increasing prevalence of the disease. This is a cross-sectional study involving children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. A questionnaire related to oral health care history and oral health behaviors was administered to each participant and they then underwent a full-mouth oral evaluation. In addition, clinical and metabolic parameters were extracted from the clinical chart. One hundred and twenty one children and adolescents (8-17 years, 11months) participated. Overall, 45.5% presented some degree of periodontitis, with 10 (8.3%) mild, 36 (29.8%) moderate, and nine (7.4%) severe. The periodontitis group (PD-group) had higher mean gingival and plaque indexes, periodontal probing depth, and clinical attachment loss than the group without periodontitis (NoPD-group) (p<0.05). A statistically significant relationship between the prevalence of periodontitis and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was verified in the bivariate (odds ratio [OR] 1.31 [95% CI, 1.13-1.53], p = 0.001) and multivariate (OR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.03-1.61], p = 0.03) analysis. For the adjustment variables, associations were verified for duration of diabetes, age, body mass index z-score, lack of running water, insulin use, and acanthosis nigricans. Children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes presented high rates of periodontitis comparable with that seen in previous studies in youth with diabetes. Uncontrolled HbA1c influences prevalence of periodontal disease. The lack of matched control group and radiographs are limitations of the study. Comprehensive periodontal examination is essential for children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes to prevent, identify, and treat periodontitis early.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO DENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION SPECIAL NEEDS CHILDREN ON THE ORAL HYGIENE STATUS

Background. The clinical oral cavity characteristics of children with intellectual disabilities include a high prevalence of periodontal disease and dental caries. South Kalimantan is a wetland or marsh that contains acidic water with a pH of 3.5-4.5. The acidic condition causes tooth demineralization, which can lead to caries. Oral health education through special needs children dental health education (DHE) interactive video is needed. Objective. Analysing the effectiveness of dental health education (DHE) video media for special needs children living in wetlands during the Covid-19 pandemic on the oral hygiene status of children with intellectual disabilities. Methods. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest, posttest without control design and using a simple random sampling technique. The samples were 52 children with intellectual disabilities who were subjected to the OHI-S examination before watching a DHE video for children with intellectual disabilities made by the author as a pretest. Afterward, the children were instructed to watch a 5-minute video made by the author using the Makaton method. Posttest involved OHIS reexamination after watching the video for 20 consecutive days. Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon statistical test. Results. There were 29 children with fair OHI-S (55.8%), 15 with poor OHI-S (28.8%), and 8 with good OHI-S (15.4%). The result of the Wilcoxon test indicated a value of 0.000 (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusion. OHI-S score before the DHE video treatment was fair and improved to good after the DHE video. DHE video can increase the OHI-S in children with intellectual disabilities. Keywords: Covid-19, Dental Health Education Video, Oral Hygiene Index Status, Special needs children video.

Oral Health Status of Children and Adolescents Living with HIV Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) increases the survival of HIV-infected children, but might also bring in oral health-related side effects and increase their risks of oral diseases. The review compared the oral health status of children living with HIV (CLWH) undergoing ART with healthy controls. Dual independent screening and study selection from four electronic databases and manual searches, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and quality-of-evidence evaluation with Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation were performed. Twelve studies were included in qualitative and quantitative analysis. CLWH taking ART had a significantly higher prevalence of periodontal diseases (OR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.62–5.97), mucosal hyperpigmentation (OR = 20.35, 95% CI 3.86–107.39), and orofacial-related opportunistic infections than healthy controls. No significant differences regarding caries prevalence and tooth development were identified. Those with CD4+ T-cell counts below 250 cells/mm3 were more likely to manifest opportunistic infections, while medication duration had minimal influence on the prevalence of orofacial opportunistic infections. The current findings did not identify HIV and antiretroviral status as predisposing factors to dental caries, but affirmed the associated increased risk of periodontal diseases, mucosal hyperpigmentation and candidiasis.

Assessment of Periodontal Status in the Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Background: Oral infections, especially periodontal diseases, may affect the course and pathogenesis of a number of systemic diseases including respiratory diseases. The current study aimed to determine the periodontal status in the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Materials and Methods: The study consisted of 65 COPD patients (case) and 65 healthy individuals (non-COPD). Individuals in the case group were well-functioning, ambulatory patients having COPD as determined by their history, clinical examination, and spirometry. Periodontal status was evaluated by the indices, namely, simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket probing depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) in both the groups. Results: In the studied population, the mean (± standard deviation, SD) age was higher in COPD group (50.3 ± 11.4) compared to the control group (41.9±8.1; P &lt; 0.0001). In the COPD group, average smoking index was 369.3 ± 167.2, while in control group, it was 323.88 ± 132.8 (P = 0.889). Our data show that individuals in the COPD group had significantly higher OHI-S, PI, GI, PPD, and CAL (P &lt; 0.0001) compared with the control group. The mean score of OHI-S, PI, GI, PPD, and CAL was higher in moderate and severe COPD patients compared to mild COPD patients; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The patients with COPD showed poor oral hygiene and a higher prevalence of periodontal disease. Prevention and treatment of periodontal disease could be included in the planned intervention campaigns designed to help patients with COPD.

Nasolacrimal duct obstruction due to periodontal disease in domestic rabbit, &lt;em&gt;Oryctolagus cuniculus&lt;/em&gt; - case report

Rabbits are animals with a high prevalence of periodontal diseases, which can be explained by anatomical particularities. The roots of the incisive and premolar teeth of the maxilla are very close to the lacrimal duct, and in addition, these animals have continuous teeth growth which can predispose to compression and obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct, resulting in dacryocystitis and leading to secondary ophthalmic problems. As visualization of the oral cavity is only possible under sedation, dental problems are often underdiagnosed. The present report aims to show the case of a female rabbit which had chronic conjunctivitis with purulent secretion associated with the nasolacrimal duct obstruction, secondary to periodontal disease.

The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency on General and Oral Health during Childhood

Severe vitamin D deficiency may cause rickets in infants or children, though it is now uncommon in developed countries. However, subclinical vitamin D deficiency is more prevalent, and it is associated with osteoporosis and higher incidence of falls or fractures. Since vitamin D receptors are present all over the body, insufficient vitamin D status may correlate with several extra-skeletal effects, such as immune dysfunction. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is associated with a wide variety of oral health disorders, and impaired VD synthesis may expedite some of these conditions. In children, severe VDD can induce defective tooth mineralization, resulting in dentin and enamel defects. As a consequence, these defects may increase the risk of the onset and progression of dental caries. Further, VDD has been associated with higher prevalence of periodontitis and gingival inflammation.

The association of healthy eating index with periodontitis in NHANES 2013-2014.

BackgroundPeriodontal disease is very common worldwide and is one of the main causes of tooth loss in adults. Periodontal disease is characterized by chronic inflammation that can destroy adjacent alveolar bone and lead to a loss of periodontal ligaments. Although previous studies have found that a daily diet can influence the development of periodontal disease (e.g., a diet low in carbohydrates and rich in vitamins C and D and fiber can have a protective effect). Periodontal disease may present as gingivitis or periodontitis. However, studies on the role of healthy eating index in periodontitis are lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between healthy eating index and periodontitis.MethodsWe analyzed data collected from participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative survey conducted in 2-year cycles from 2013 to 2014. As part of our analysis, we developed multivariate logistic regression models to examine the independent association between the healthy eating index and periodontitis. We evaluated the significance of association using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI).ResultsIndividuals with a lower total healthy eating index had a higher prevalence of periodontitis. Adjusted multivariate regression models showed that a higher healthy diet index was associated with a lower prevalence of periodontitis (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.55–0.86, P < 0.05).ConclusionThe results of the study showed that dietary structure was associated with the prevalence of periodontitis. Patients with a higher healthy eating index had a lower prevalence of periodontitis. These findings will need to be confirmed by longitudinal, prospective studies in the future.

Ancient dental calculus preserves signatures of biofilm succession and interindividual variation independent of dental pathology.

Dental calculus preserves oral microbes, enabling comparative studies of the oral microbiome and health through time. However, small sample sizes and limited dental health metadata have hindered health-focused investigations to date. Here, we investigate the relationship between tobacco pipe smoking and dental calculus microbiomes. Dental calculus from 75 individuals from the 19th century Middenbeemster skeletal collection (Netherlands) were analyzed by metagenomics. Demographic and dental health parameters were systematically recorded, including the presence/number of pipe notches. Comparative data sets from European populations before and after the introduction of tobacco were also analyzed. Calculus species profiles were compared with oral pathology to examine associations between microbiome community, smoking behavior, and oral health status. The Middenbeemster individuals exhibited relatively poor oral health, with a high prevalence of periodontal disease, caries, heavy calculus deposits, and antemortem tooth loss. No associations between pipe notches and dental pathologies, or microbial species composition, were found. Calculus samples before and after the introduction of tobacco showed highly similar species profiles. Observed interindividual microbiome differences were consistent with previously described variation in human populations from the Upper Paleolithic to the present. Dental calculus may not preserve microbial indicators of health and disease status as distinctly as dental plaque.

Association of combustible and non-combustible tobacco use with clinically diagnosed adverse oral health outcomes among US adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2014).

There is an established link between tobacco use and adverse oral health outcomes. However, there is a paucity of research exploring the effect of various tobacco products on clinically diagnosed adverse oral health outcomes. Data were pooled from three cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: 2009-2010; 2011-2012; and 2013-2014 (n=11,453). Multivariable logistic regressions examined the associations between periodontitis and dental caries with the type of tobacco product used (combustible, non-combustible or both). Overall, 42.3% of the study sample had any periodontitis, 7.8% had severe periodontitis and 21.7% had dental caries. There was a higher prevalence of periodontitis and caries among combustible tobacco users than non-combustible tobacco use; 62.1% of combustible tobacco smokers had any periodontitis, 17.1% had severe periodontitis, while 39.4% of adults with dental caries were dual users. Compared to non-smokers, combustible tobacco use increased the odds of any periodontitis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.28, 3.45) and severe periodontitis (aOR 2.62, 95% CI 1.90, 3.61). Compared to non-smokers, both combustible tobacco (aOR 2.11, 95% CI 1.61, 2.76) and non-combustible tobacco use (aOR 2.09, 95% CI 1.19, 3.66) increased the odds of dental caries. In this study of US adults, combustible tobacco use was associated with periodontitis and dental caries, while non-combustible tobacco use was associated with dental caries. In addition to conducting extensive oral health screening among all smokers, oral health-care providers should counsel smokers on the need for smoking cessation.

Periodontal Health Status of Pregnant Women Attending Three Ante-Natal Clinics in Accra, Ghana

Objective:To assess the periodontal health status of pregnant Ghanaian women at different gestation periods.Methodology: A cross-sectional study involving two hundred pregnant women attending the ante-natal clinic at Ussher polyclinics was done. Data was obtained by use of a questionnaire and on-site periodontal examination. Variables determined included the socio-demographic characteristics and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) of study participants. A summary description of variables was presented, and cross-tabulations was used to compare responses among the three trimesters.Results: About one third, (38%) of the study participants were in the third decade of life, with a majority (55%) having had formal education to the basic level. While 72% of women had never seen a dentist, nearly three-quarters (76.2%) had a CPITN of 2 or more.Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of periodontal disease among pregnant women. Healthcare professionals should therefore consider oral healthcare referrals and education for pregnant women.

High Prevalence of Periodontal Disease Observed in Patients on Hemodialysis: A Call for Equitable Access to Dental Care

Periodontal disease is a common, multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease of the gums and tooth-supporting apparatus, associated with loss of teeth, systemic inflammation and increased mortality.1 Various factors may contribute to the development of periodontal disease in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), including altered immune system function, CKD mineral and bone disease, oral dysbiosis, poor oral hygiene, and the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes; some have suggested that periodontal disease may itself be a risk factor for progression of CKD.

Клінічна ефективність місцевого лікування запальних захворювань тканин пародонту в осіб підліткового та юнацького віку, що палять

The high prevalence of periodontal disease requires the development of effective treatment and prevention measures in teenagers and young adults who smoke. Purpose - to study the effectiveness of the proposed local treatment of inflammatory periodontal disease in teenagers and young adults who smoke. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, changes in periodontal tissues before and after treatment were studied in 123 teenagers and young adults aged 15 to 24 years, which were divided into groups: group I involved 31 people who regularly smoke traditional cigarettes; to group II - 26 people who regularly smoke electronic cigarettes (Weipi); to group III - 30 people who regularly smoke tobacco heaters (IQOS); to group IV - 36 people without a bad habit of smoking. The dynamics of OHI-S, PMA and PBI indices before and after treatment with the proposed method of treatment - a combination of Stomolik solution and Holisal gel in comparison with the generally accepted treatment was analyzed. Results. During the treatment process, a positive trend of the studied indices was registered in all observation groups, but the best results were registered in the groups where the proposed local treatment was used, which is confirmed by the data of the objective survey. Conclusions. Comparison of the results of local treatment of inflammatory diseases of periodontal tissues in the observation groups with different methods indicates the advantages of the proposed method of treatment - a combination of Stomolik solution and Holisal gel. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local ethics committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the author. Key words: teenagers and young adults, catarrhal gingivitis, local treatment, smoking.

РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСТЬ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ И ОСОБЕННОСТИ ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ У ОНКОБОЛЬНЫХ

Subject. Oncological diseases are one of the leading causes of medical losses worldwide, so early and timely diagnosis of oncological diseases remains relevant to this day. Most patients have multiple comorbidities. It is known that all pathological processes occurring in the human body cannot but affect the state of the oral cavity. Therefore, the study of common pathogenetic links in the development of these diseases, including cancer, and the need to optimize the methods of their diagnosis, complex treatment and prevention continue to be relevant.&#x0D; Objectives. To study the features of the dental status and analysis of blood parameters in patients with extraoral pathology.&#x0D; Methodology. To carry out the study, a dental examination was carried out, including an assessment of the condition of the oral mucosa and periodontium, screening by diascopy and APS diagnostics, determination of KPU indices, oral hygiene index OHI-S, PMA, CPITN. All subjects underwent a clinical and biochemical blood test with further research.&#x0D; Results. The study revealed the predominance of certain types of dental diseases in patients with different localization of oncopathology. According to the results of the general and biochemical blood tests, changes were noted that are characteristic of latent iron deficiency and anemia, as well as liver pathology.&#x0D; Conclusion. The study revealed a high intensity of dental caries in cancer patients. A high prevalence of periodontal disease has been noted. Of the dental diseases in cancer patients, hyperplasia of the filiform papillae, geographic tongue, and candidiasis were most often diagnosed. Analysis of blood parameters revealed the presence of a latent iron deficiency and impaired hemoglobin formation. Changes in biochemical parameters of blood, characteristic of the pathological state of liver tissues, were also noted.

Periodontal and systemic health of morbidly obese patients eligible for bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundIn obese patients, periodontitis might be associated with deprived systemic health. Edmonton obesity staging system (EOSS) is a new tool for classification of obesity that considers the metabolic, physical, and psychological health. The cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the periodontal status of morbidly obese patients eligible for bariatric surgery and the association between periodontitis, obesity-related comorbidities, and EOSS.MethodsMorbidly obese patients eligible for bariatric surgery underwent detailed periodontal examination and were divided into the periodontitis group (PG) and the non-periodontitis group (NPG). The medical and demographic data were obtained from medical files, while behavioural data were obtained by the interview. Descriptive statistics and simple statistical tests were used to summarise the characteristics of the sample and the differences between PG and NPG. The logistic regression models were used to calculate the association (odds ratio (OR)) between periodontitis and obesity-related diseases and EOSS.ResultsThe study included 79 patients, with an average BMI of 44.6 kg/m2 (SD = 7.2). The prevalence of periodontitis was 65% (CI 95% 53%-75%). PG patients (n = 51) were older, more often smokers and were more often hypertensive than NPG patients (n = 28) (p < 0.05). Hypertension was positively associated with periodontitis with adjusted OR 3.98 (95% CI 1.23–12.8; p = 0.021)) and age with adjusted OR 1.06, (95% CI 1.01–1.13; p = 0.038)), while other tested conditions (diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and smoking habits) did not show significant association with periodontitis. Periodontitis did not correlate with EOSS or other obesity-related comorbidities (p > 0.05).ConclusionThe morbidly obese patients eligible for bariatric surgery show a high prevalence of periodontitis and, therefore, are advised to be examined by a dentist before undergoing surgery. They have higher odds of hypertension but not of other obesity-related diseases or higher stages of EOSS. The medical personnel should raise awareness among obese patients on the potential association of poor periodontal health with hypertension.Trial registrationNCT04653714.

&lt;strong&gt;Efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin application for improving collagen density of gingival connective tissue in periodontitis-induced rabbits&lt;/strong&gt;

Introduction: Due to the high prevalence of periodontal diseases that increase the possibility of tooth loss, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a regenerative treatment has been proposed. PRF is a potential second-generation platelet concentrate and autologous healing biomaterial which contain growth factors that accelerate wound healing mechanisms. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin application to improve gingival connective tissue collagen density in periodontitis-induced rabbits. Methods: An experimental study with a post-test only control group design approach was conducted on 20 samples calculated using the Federer formula. Periodontitis was induced in ten rabbits with silk ligatures tied around the cervical region of central incisors teeth bilaterally for 14 days. After periodontitis occurred, phase I treatment was performed and followed by curettage. PRF was placed in the lower region as a treatment group using a split-mouth design, whereas a control group without PRF was in the upper jaw region. Subjects were euthanised after the 7th and 14th days of healing. Histopathological analysis was performed, and collagen density was quantified using ImageJ software. Statistical analysis was carried out using paired-T and two-way ANOVA tests. Results: There was a significant difference (p=0.001; p&lt;0.05) in gingival connective tissue collagen density between treatment and control groups on the 7th and 14th days of observation. There was a significant increase in gingival connective tissue collagen density in the treatment group. Conclusion: Platelet-rich fibrin could improve gingival connective tissue collagen density in periodontitis-induced rabbits.

PERIODONTAL STATUS OF INSTITUTIONALIZED ELDERLY

Impaired general health in institutionalized elderly has an impact on oral health and dental status, especially on periodontal health and oral hygiene. The periodontal health of institutionalized elderly people is influenced by a number of other factors such as: multimorbidity, dependence in maintaining oral hygiene, limited abilities and mobility and the use of numerous medications. Progression of periodontal disease is characterized by the presence of increased destruction of periodontal tissues. The destruction of periodontal tissues is seen through the presence and increased clinical loss of the attachment, but also through the presence of gingival recession and resorption of the alveolar bone. The most common form of periodontal disease in older adults is chronic periodontitis. Due to the chronicity of this disease, most of the detected periodontal disorders are due to the accumulation of the disease over time. The interaction of the highly prevalent xerostomia and the inability to maintain oral hygiene at a satisfactory level in institutionalized elderly leads to an increased incidence of dental plaque. Due to that, the elderly have an increased risk of manifesting dental caries and periodontal diseases. Taking into account the aforementioned facts about oral health, the presence of numerous dental and oral problems, as well as the increased health needs and impaired health in institutionalized elderly people, the aim of this paper was to assess periodontal health among institutionalized elderly people over 65 years of age. Assessment of periodontal status among institutionalized elderly was done by using the Ramfjord Periodontal Disease Index. The research was conducted in the period from April to July 2018 in the Department “Mother Teresa”, part from the Gerontological Institute “Thirteenth November” - Skopje. It included a total number of 75 people over the age of 65 who were accommodated in the department and gave their consent to participate in the research. The dental clinical examination was performed in the long-term care institution, in the office or in the rooms of the institutionalized elderly or in a room determined for that purpose. The examination of the subjects was performed on a patient sitting on a chair, lying in bed or placed in a wheelchair. For the examination a dental probe, a dental mirror and disposable gloves and a portable lamp for artificial illumination were used. The average number of present (remaining) teeth in the respondents was 5.81± 7.34 (range 0-24, with Confidence interval from 4.09 to 5.52).The mean value of the simplified OHI Green Vermilion index obtained for the presence of dental plaque was 2.33 ± 0.51 (range from 1.33 to 3.00, with Confidence interval from 2.15 to 2.51). The average value for the Ramfjord index (for assessment of periodontal health) was 4.57 ± 0.74 (range 2.5 to 6.00, with Confidence interval 4.33 to 4.82). Most of the subjects after the appropriate analysis had moderately advanced periodontitis (68.42% of the subjects). Based on the obtained data and subsequent analysis of the results we had found high percentage of people with unsatisfactory oral hygiene and high prevalence of periodontal disease.

Association between BMI and periodontitis in women living with or at risk for HIV.

Currently, there is no data available assessing the association between body mass index (BMI) and periodontitis among women living with HIV (WLWH). This study aims to investigate this association among WLWH and women at risk for HIV (WRH) in the United States. Data from 351 WLWH and 52 WRH participants from the Women's Interagency HIV Study having pocket depths and clinical periodontal attachment loss assessments in 2003-2004 were included. Multinomial logistic regression analyses in the full sample assessed the relationship between BMI (underweight/normal, overweight, or obese) and periodontitis by severity (mild, moderate, severe), adjusting for study sites, age, education, annual household income, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes. Overall, 75.2% women (76.0% WLWH; 69.0% WRH) had periodontitis. Moreover, 75.0% obese and 75.3% overweight women were affected by periodontitis. In the full sample, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of having mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis in obese women were: 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51-2.52), 1.02 (95% CI: 0.46-2.29), and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.06-1.07), respectively, and in overweight women: 0.70 (95% CI: 0.31-1.58), 0.85 (95% CI: 0.38-1.90), and 0.31 (95% CI: 0.08-1.15), respectively. Even with high prevalence of periodontitis among women with or without HIV infection in this cohort, this study does not provide evidence of an association between BMI and periodontitis.

Abstract P162: Cardiovascular Disease And Periodontal Disease In Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a condition in which the body’s immune system destroys insulin-producing beta cells, resulting in hyperglycemia. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in those with T1D. Periodontal disease (PD) is the 6th major complication of T1D. Oral bacteria have been detected in atherosclerotic plaques. Thus, oral bacteria may play a causal role in cardiovascular disease. The aims of this study are to determine how subclinical measures of cardiovascular disease differ by diabetes status and how they are related to the extent of periodontal disease. It is hypothesized that people with T1D will have stiffer vessels with higher pulse wave velocity (PWV), lower brachial artery distensibility (BrachD), and higher carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) compared to non-diabetic controls. It is also hypothesized that people with T1D will have a higher prevalence of PD compared to non-diabetic controls. Study visits were performed to assess cardiovascular and periodontal outcomes in people with T1D (n=144) and non-diabetic controls (n=147). Univariate analysis was performed using t-test and chi-square to test for significant differences in vascular measures and periodontal status between T1D and controls. Age and sex-adjusted multivariate linear and logistic regression was used to further examine differences in vascular measures and periodontal disease by diabetes status. PWV was significantly higher in people with T1D compared to controls (8.390 +/- 0.111 vs. 7.822 +/- 0.108, p=0.0003). BrachD was significantly lower in people with T1D compared to controls (5.795 +/- 0.095 vs. 6.413 +/- 0.094, p&lt;0.0001). cIMT was significantly higher in people with T1D compared to controls (0.679 +/- 0.009 vs. 0.626 +/- 0.009, p&lt;0.0001). Adults with T1D were significantly more likely to have moderate to severe PD compared to controls (OR = 2.759, 95% CI [1.310-5.811], p=0.0076). Adults with T1D have worse cardiovascular health as measured by stiffer central vessels, more subclinical atherosclerosis, and lower peripheral vessel distensibility. Adults with T1D had almost 3-fold higher risk of moderate to severe PD compared to non-diabetic adults. The relationship between PD and the increased CVD risk in people with T1D warrants further examination.

Buccofacial Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Role of the Oral Surgeon in its Diagnosis and Management: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-system autoimmune disease with very heterogeneous clinical and serological manifestations. SLE is a relatively rare and more frequent disease in women. Clinical criteria such as photosensitivity, malar rash, neurological, articular and visceral manifestations are redefined. Among the immunological criteria, the ANA, anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm and anti-phospholipid antibodies are currently considered. Oral lesions are frequently identified in patients with SLE. They include oral ulceration, discoid lupus, lichenoid lesions, erythematous areas, and leukoplastic plaques. Secondary Sjögren's syndrome may develop. A high prevalence of periodontitis was also detected. Other oral and facial manifestations are reported, such as plaque calcification, joint damage and angioedema.Through our personal case, the role of the oral surgeon seems indisputable in the diagnosis and the management of patients with SLE.

Assessment of the contextual effects on the prevalence of periodontitis: a systematic review.

This study reviews the influence of contextual factors on periodontitis based on a systematic search of studies recorded in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. Periodontitis was assessed by clinical attachment loss and probing depth for studies with data on the socioeconomic status (SES) of a specific area (area-level SES) or dental care service (service-level) in a catchment area among individuals aged 18 and over. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction, and assessment of methodological quality. Of the 646 articles identified, 13 were included in the systematic review, representing 101,362 individuals from five countries (USA, UK, Brazil, China, and Uruguay). A higher prevalence of periodontitis was described in lower SES neighborhoods, more deprived postcodes, and poorer provinces. Gini Index results were mixed and inconclusive. Three studies showed that higher coverage of primary dental care at the municipal level was associated with a lower prevalence of periodontitis. Contextual factors at the area-level SES and dental care service might influence periodontitis, but the existing evidence is unclear. The contextual effect is important for periodontal health and may contribute to the prevalence of periodontitis, independent of well-known risk factors and individual levels.