A rising number of challenges of antibiotic resistance worldwide requires the creation of new antimicrobial and insecticidal agents. This incident stimulates a bioinspired methodology for the biosynthesis of novel and sustainable Ag/CeO2 and Ag/Bi2O3 nanohybrids. The high phytochemical contents of Nauplius graveolens extract, such as phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins, act as effective reducingand stabilizing agents for the synthesis of nanocomposites. N. graveolens extract and the synthesized nanohybrids also demonstrated a good antioxidant capacity; e.g., in DPPH assay, the extract had an IC50 of 0.067 mg/mL, whereas the IC50 of Ag/CeO2 and Ag/Bi2O3 NCs were 1.073 and 1.068 mg/mL, respectively. The reducible capacity by the FRAP assay is in line with the results of the DPPH assay. Notably, the nanohybrids exhibit a broad spectrum against different pathogenic bacterial species. The results of the insecticidal bioassays showed that both nanocomposites exhibited high dose-dependent insecticidal efficacy towards Brevicoryne brassicae and Aphis craccivora, with significantly lower values for the LC50 and significantly higher values for the toxicity index. The results indicated the novelty of these bioinspired nanohybrids as potential fighters against drug-resistant bacteria, as well as in the multifunctional effectiveness of antioxidant and insecticidal applications.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-42713-7.

Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry is a known spice with a high phytochemical content that can be explored in drug discovery. We investigated the in vitro enzyme inhibitory activities of a flavonoid-rich extract of S. aromaticum (FRESA) against type II diabetes (T2D) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and identified its anti-T2D and anti-AD phytochemicals via computational prediction. The in vitro enzyme inhibitory activities of a flavonoid-rich extract of Syzygium aromaticum were evaluated via standard protocols following flavonoid-enriched extraction procedures. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to characterize the constituent bioactive flavonoids. Molecular docking of eight phytochemicals was performed via AutoDock Vina in PyRx 0.8, which identified apigenin, myricetin, and quercetin as hit compounds with high binding affinities and multitarget activities against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and monoamine oxidase (MAO). Molecular dynamics simulations (100 ns) were conducted via GROMACS 2019.2, and binding free energy calculations were performed via the MM-GBSA approach to validate the stability and interaction integrity of the hit phytochemicals. FRESA (IC50 = 961.943 ± 21.031 μg/mL) exhibited moderate activity against α-amylase compared with that of acarbose (IC50 = 27.104 ± 0.270 μg/mL). Compared with acarbose (IC50 = 17.389 ± 0.436 μg/mL), FRESA had appreciable activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 = 562.045 ± 6.714 μg/mL). FRESA demonstrated significant (p < 0.0001) inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 26.911 ± 0.058 µg/mL), surpassed galantamine (IC50 = 27.950 ± 0.122 µg/mL), and moderately inhibited butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 28.168 ± 0.702 µg/mL) to galantamine (IC50 = 23.126 ± 0.683 µg/mL). FRESA also significantly suppressed monoamine oxidase activity in Fe2⁺-induced brain damage in a concentration-dependent manner. HPLC–DAD analysis identified apigenin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, kaempferol, myricetin, quercetin, and syringic acid as major constituents. Molecular docking revealed apigenin, myricetin, and quercetin as top-ranked multitarget inhibitors, exhibiting strong binding affinities (− 9.0 to − 10.2 kcal/mol) comparable to those of reference inhibitors across α-amylase, α-glucosidase, AChE, BChE, and MAO. Molecular dynamics simulations and MM-GBSA confirmed the binding strength of the hit phytoconstituents in the active pockets of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, AChE, BChE, and MAO, with multitargeting inhibitory activities supporting the in vitro and ex vivo enzyme activities. ADMET profiling indicated favorable drug likeness for apigenin, whereas myricetin and quercetin displayed acceptable pharmacokinetic properties with minimal violations. Our findings provide scientific validation of the anti-T2D and anti-AD properties of S. aromaticum and identify apigenin, myricetin, and quercetin, which could be used for the development of inhibitors of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, AChE, BChE, and MAO as dual therapies to combat T2D and AD. Additional in vivo validation is recommended to ensure a thorough assessment in the present research.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-026-45482-5.

Strawberries are among the earliest fruits of the season and represent a valuable dietary product due to their high content of nutrients and bioactive compounds. New strawberry varieties are added to the assortment each year and require systematic evaluation, particularly in relation to their adaptability to specific growing conditions. This study examined the suitability of introduced garden strawberry varieties for cultivation under the conditions of the Polissya region of Ukraine. Yield and average berry weight were determined by gravimetric methods, while sugar content and polyphenolic compounds were assessed using spectrophotometry. Titratable acidity and vitamin C content were determined by titration. The obtained data were analysed statistically using the STATISTICA software package and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results indicate that the varieties &lsquo;Sensation&rsquo; and &lsquo;Symphony&rsquo; exhibit the highest yields. These varieties also show the greatest average fruit weight, exceeding 30.0 g, whereas &lsquo;Clery&rsquo; records the lowest values. The analysed fruits show a dry matter content of 11.1% and a soluble solids content of 8.5%. The &lsquo;Clery&rsquo; and &lsquo;Jolly&rsquo; varieties accumulated significantly higher sugar levels than the other studied varieties, while &lsquo;Elsanta&rsquo;, &lsquo;Asia&rsquo;, and &lsquo;Malvina&rsquo; demonstrate lower sugar accumulation. The favourable sensory properties of the &lsquo;Clery&rsquo; variety, reflected by a sugar-acid index of 8.4, were associated with its high sugar content and low titratable acidity of 0.91%. The concentration of bioactive compounds in the studied fruits ranges from 31.0 to 68.3 mg of vitamin C per 100 g and from 150.0 to 307.3 mg of polyphenolic compounds per 100 g of fresh weight. The &lsquo;Sensation&rsquo; variety was distinguished by a high phytochemical content, with a vitamin C concentration of 51 mg/100 g. The findings are of practical relevance for breeders selecting parental material for the development of new varieties and for producers choosing cultivars for the establishment of industrial plantations in the Polissya region of Ukraine

Candidiasis, primarily caused by Candida albicans, continues to pose clinical challenges due to antifungal resistance and the adverse effects of synthetic agents. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical profile and antifungal efficacy of Salacca zalacca (Bali snakefruit) peel extract as a potential natural alternative. The extract was obtained using ethanol-based maceration and analyzed through UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results revealed high concentrations of flavonoids (857.59 mg/100 g), phenolics (860.54 mg/100 g), vitamin C (8391.10 mg/100 g), and tannins, along with the qualitative presence of saponins. Antioxidant analysis indicated weak radical scavenging activity (IC?? = 546.19 ppm) but a high total antioxidant content (2532.17 mg GAE/L). Antifungal testing using the disk diffusion method against C. albicans showed no inhibition zones at extract concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, and 10%, whereas the ketoconazole control produced a strong inhibition zone (mean 20.33 mm). The lack of activity may be attributed to diffusion limitations or solubility issues rather than the absence of bioactive compounds. Despite the negative antifungal results, the high phytochemical content suggests potential for alternative therapeutic applications. Further studies employing alternative solvents, higher extract concentrations, and more sensitive antifungal assays are recommended.

Abstract The use of fresh sage is increasingly popular due to its unique aroma and sensory characteristics. However, sage is a perishable fresh produce with a short shelf life, with limited knowledge of its storage conditions. This work investigated the effects of various temperatures (2, 6, and 20 °C) and relative humidity (RH) levels (atmospheric-65 % and high-95 %) on the quality characteristics of fresh sage during postharvest storage. The results indicated lower weight loss and respiration rate at lower temperatures and high RH. In addition, a higher phytochemical content (phenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid) and antioxidant activity were observed in sage stored at 2 and 6 °C (at a high RH level). Sage stored at 6 °C and 65 % RH, also presented higher phenolics and antioxidants. Storage at 20 °C resulted in higher microbial load compared to lower temperatures. Higher sage essential oil yield was found at plants stored at 6 °C, while camphor was also found at higher levels at this temperature. Thus, from the results, it could be suggested that postharvest storage of fresh sage at 6 °C along with high RH could contribute to the preservation of a fresh, aromatic fresh produce of high nutritional value.

Gari is one of the numerous products derived from cassava tubers, other products include, Fufu, Lafun, Starch, Tapioca, Cassava chips etc. The cassava and orange-fleshed sweet potato roots were peeled, washed, grated, fermented, press, fry, sieved and bagged. Standard methods of analysis such as the Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) International were used to determine the moisture (AOAC 925.10), crude protein (AOAC 960.52), ash content (923.03), crude fat (AOAC 922.06) and crude fibre AOAC (2000) as well as functional properties and sensory evaluation. The purpose of the present study is to explore the effect of different proportions of Cassava and Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) on the physical, chemical and sensory properties of gari produced from cassava and OFSP tubers. The result from the chemical properties of the gari produced from cassava blended with OFSP gari showed that high level of moisture in gari with 100 % cassava (11.34) than the blends 50 % casava and 50 % OFSP. Fats, crude protein, crude fibre and carbohydrate content increase with increase in the percentage of OFSP. The value for ash content was observed to be inconsistent ranging from 0.32-0.43, but yet falls within the permissible limit. The results for bulk density, water absorption (WAC) capacity and swelling index increased with increase in the percentage of OFSP. For bulk density, 100 % casava showed 0.45 % while 50 % casava: 50 % OFSP showed 0.88 % while WAC showed values ranging from 65.54-89.31. Similar result was obtained for swelling index with 100 % casava showing 21.00 and 50 % cassava; 50 % OFSP showing 27.00. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the OFSP fortified gari samples assessed from the nine (9) point hedonic scale used showed that the blending of OFSP and cassava for gari production yielded positive results. Sample A (7.59 ± 0.01), B (7.65 ± 0.01) and D (7.25 ± 0.02) were liked moderately, sample C (8.11 ± 0.01) was liked very much while sample E (6.55 ± 0.01) was liked slightly. Consequently, cassava and orange fleshed sweet potato can be blended to produce gari of better quality to enhance healthful benefits from their high content of nutrients, vitamins, phytochemicals and antioxidants.

This study investigated the effect of fermentation time on tea produced from sweet orange peel powder. Orange peels were processed into powder, with a portion fermented for 1 day and another for 2 days. Teas from fermented and unfermented powders were analyzed for proximate composition, phytochemicals, antioxidant activity (DPPH), sensory, and physicochemical properties. Lipton tea served as the control in sensory evaluation. Fermentation increased ash, fat, crude fiber, and protein, while reducing carbohydrate content. Moisture content increased slightly during fermentation compared with unfermented powder and was lowest in Lipton tea. Although some phytochemicals declined, fermentation increased flavonoid content and improved the tea&amp;apos;s antioxidant activity, with DPPH values increasing across samples, though the day 2 sample showed a significant decrease. Fermentation also reduced pH and total soluble solids but increased total titratable acidity. Sensory scores for color, flavor, and mouthfeel improved, while taste and overall acceptability decreased with longer fermentation. Significant differences (p&amp;lt;0.05) were found only in taste and overall acceptability, where unfermented tea was preferred. The study concludes that sweet orange peel is suitable for producing fermented and unfermented teas. Tea fermented for 1 day is recommended for its higher phytochemical content and antioxidant activity, as a short fermentation period appears most suitable for balancing nutritional quality, bioactive compounds, and sensory appeal.

The rising incidence of cancer has demanded the development of new anti-cancer chemical sources. The presence of phenolics in hazelnut cell cultures has led to the development of new and potential pharmacotherapeutic uses. Hazelnut extract has emerged as a promising candidate due to its high phytochemical content. HCT-116 colorectal cancer IC50 cell viability of Palaz and Tombul hazelnut extracts was determined as 400 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL, respectively. Flow cytometry annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyante (FITC) apoptosis detection indicated apoptosis of Tombul hazelnut extract and Palaz hazelnut extract as 23.53% and 17.47%, respectively. The apoptosis result of flow cytometry was also supported at the protein level. Hazelnut extracts resulted in an increased loss of MMP as well. The loss of MMP has significantly increased from an average of 0.61% to 16.17% in Tombul hazelnut extract and to 20.38% in Palaz hazelnut extract. This is further supported by screening MICU1, MICU2, PPAR-γ, PPARGC1A, UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 gene expressions. Targeting apoptosis pathways, particularly MMP, is an effective strategy for cancer prevention and treatment. Hazelnut extract contains phenolic compounds, which activate these pathways, resulting in enhanced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. The phenolic contents of Palaz and Tombul hazelnut extracts were determined as 271.72 ± 5.3 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g sample dry weight (DW) and 85.23 ± 2.2 mg GAE/100 g sample DW, respectively. Further, hazelnut extract may reduce oxidative stress, contributing to its anti-cancer properties. The extracts could be utilized as functional ingredients in foods and nutraceuticals to assist with cancer prevention and treatment.

The article presents the technology of wine production from mulberry fruit. A feature of the proposed technology is the use of osmotic dehydration for preliminary dehydration of mulberry. The solution formed as a result of osmotic dehydration is proposed to be introduced into the must during fermentation. Organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of the wine were determined by standard methods. Mórus nígra L. fruit were dehydrated in a 70% sucrose solution for 1 hour at a temperature of 50±5°C. The wine mixture was prepared from the must (100%), the spent osmotic solution (50%) and the juice formed during the pressing of partially dehydrated mulberry fruits (50%). Slow fermentation of the mixture was carried out for 4 days at a temperature of 20±2 °C under static conditions. At the stage of active fermentation, 10% of the osmotic solution was introduced into the fermenter in several stages. The addition of an osmotic solution increases the density of the wine and the sugar content. The density (1.049±0.05 g/cm3) and the mass fraction of sugars (106.95±0.05 g/dm³) of mulberry wine are higher than those of grape wine. The high sugar content (10.1±0.05%) gives the wine a sweet and rich taste, and also contributes to the stability of the wine during storage after opening the container. The mulberry wine had a more saturated color (T=0.814±0.05) and a higher color intensity (9.98±0.05), typical of aged wines. The high color intensity is associated with the high content of phytochemicals produced in the wine. The highest optical density (0.491±0.05 D) of mulberry wine is observed at a wavelength of 520 nm, i.e., in the red range, which indicates a high content of anthocyanins. Wine made from mulberry fruit processing products had a pleasant taste and color. The light taste of the wine indicated a low alcohol content. Mulberry wine can be classified as semi-dry, since it has a low alcohol content (6±0.5%).

Defatted Jasmine rice bran flour (DRBF) had higher phytochemical content and antioxidant activity than wheat flour. The addition of 15%-25%DRBF significantly improved the phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of the cookies, with the highest activity observed at 25%DRBF. However, sensory evaluation showed that scores for all sensory attributes decreased significantly at 20%-25%DRBF. The cookies with 15%DRBF achieved the best balance between consumer acceptability and antioxidant activity. Although higher DRBF levels (20%-25%DRBF) increased antioxidant activity, they led to reduced consumer preference. Additionally, substitution with 15%DRBF increased fiber and protein content of the cookies while decreasing their carbohydrate and calorific values. These findings suggested that incorporating 15%DRBF into cookies enhanced both sensory attributes and health benefits, making it an ideal functional ingredient.

Medicinal and aromatic plants continue to attract attention as rich sources of natural bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. Among them, Greek mountain tea (Sideritis scardica) is widely recognized for its high content of phytochemicals, which have been associated with various biological activities. In this study, Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) were investigated as a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional solvents for the extraction of such compounds, aiming to the development of a more efficient extraction process. Six task-specific designed NADESs were prepared and evaluated for their extraction efficiency, based on the Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) of the extract. The most promising NADES, comprising betaine and 1,3-propandeiol, was selected for process optimization using a Box–Behnken design and key extraction parameters were systematically examined to maximize TPC and TFC. The extract obtained under the proposed conditions (S/L = 20 mg/g, 240 min, 40% water as cosolvent) exhibited a TPC and TFC value of 49.2 mgGAE/g and 45.9 mgCAE/g, respectively, approximately two times higher than the values of a hydroethanolic extract, obtained under the same conditions (TPC = 26.6 mgGAE/g, TF = 19.9 mgCAE/g). The optimum extract was further analyzed using HPLC-DAD to determine its phytochemical profile and was compared with the conventional hydroethanolic extract, revealing the role of the selected media on the extracted compounds.

Herbal plants used in the production of various chemicals are of vital importance mainly in the production of drugs. The area of research in biotechnology depends heavily on these herbal plants for diverse uses. Indeed, a variety of herbal constituents are used across India for uses ranging from the production of flavors to the production of fragrances, the production of pharmaceutical compounds, and the enhancement of food coloring. A large percentage of herbal products are procured from plant extracts, which contain high phytochemical content, also referred to as secondary metabolites, and comprise a wide variety of functional constituents. Various specific aspects have been linked to the therapeutic activity of these compounds, such as their amount and the names used to identify them. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) process is used for the evaluation of the extracted compounds, which is found to be useful in the determination of the exact amount of active principles contained in the herbal plants used across different sectors ranging from cosmetics to medicine, food industries, and pharmaceutical industries. In our research, we used both the gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy processes in an attempt to identify the bioactive compounds available in whole plants using these analytical processes. GC-MS procedures can be used effectively to analyze herbal plants for the occurrence of different phytoconstituents ranging from different alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and glycosides, all of which are constituents of the chemical composition of the plant.

The present investigation were performed the phytochemicals and in-vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and GC-MS activity of Myristica fragrans. In preliminary phytochemicals screening results confirmed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, saponin, tannins and steroids. The in-vitro antioxidant activity of nutmeg was investigated by DPPH and FRAP method. In both method, plant extract possess high antioxidant activity when compared with standard ascorbic acid due to presence of high content of various phytochemicals. Antimicrobial activity of nutmeg was investigated by DPPH and FRAP method. In both method, plant extract possess high antioxidant activity when compared with standard ascorbic acid due to presence of high content of various phytochemicals. The research showed that nutmeg seed extracts have high antioxidant, antimicrobial activities due to presence of their bioactive phytoconstituents.

The popularity of edible flowers stems from their easy availability, cost-effectiveness, and health benefits. Flowers used for culinary purposes in Nayagarh and Odisha include Cucurbita maxima (Kakharu), Telosma pallida (tokei kundei), Brassica napus (sorisa), Moringa oleifera (sajana), Musa spp. (Kadali), Bauhinia acuminata (Kanchan), and Azadirachta indica (Neem). Qualitative analysis of ethanol and water extracts was conducted to determine their phytochemical components (tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, terpenoids, and saponins). All flowers exhibited a high phytochemical content. The ethanol extracts from all seven edible flowers was found to be rich in flavonoids. Similarly, water extracts of Moringa oleifera, Cucurbita maxima, Azadirachta indica, and Bauhinia acuminata contain alkaloids. Tannins are present in both the water and ethanol extracts of Brassica napus and Musa spp. Water and ethanol extracts of Musa spp., Bauhinia acuminata, and Telosma pallida are also rich in phenols. These findings thus contribute to a better understanding that edible flowers are functional foods and encourage their wider use in cooking.

Wheat, the primary cereal crop, supplies 20% of humanity's protein and caloric intake. Colored blue, purple, and black wheats specifically represent a breakthrough in functional foods due to their exceptionally high phytochemical content, especially anthocyanins. These natural pigments create vibrant hues: purple concentrates in the pericarp, blue in the aleurone, while black wheat features pigments in both layers. Genetically, purple traces to Ethiopian emmer wheat, and blue originates from wild and relative crops. Nutritionally, colored wheats outperform modern wheat cultivars. They deliver significantly elevated protein, essential minerals, and vitamin E. Anthocyanin levels are substantially higher in black, purple, and blue wheats. They are also rich sources of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and carotenoids, forming a potent bioactive profile. These phytochemicals offer major health benefits. Anthocyanins and phenolics act as powerful antioxidants, neutralizing harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). This reduces oxidative stress and cellular damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA, thereby lowering risks of developing major chronic conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and age-related degeneration. This makes colored wheats vital tools against micronutrient deficiencies and hidden hunger. Technologically, despite variable gluten strength, they are versatile for functional food production. Applications include nutrient-dense, visually appealing muffins, noodles, biscuits, pasta, crackers, nutrition bars, and chapati bread, often boasting extended shelf-life and natural pathogen resistance. Agronomically, targeted breeding programs enhance their yield potential, stress tolerance, and adaptation especially for dryland farming. The ultimate goal is integrating their superior nutrition and health benefits into mainstream diets, providing natural alternatives to synthetic additives and contributing significantly to improved global nutrition.

BackgroundPeanut oil is recognized for its mild flavor, high phytochemical content, medicinal potential, and other health advantages.ObjectiveThis study, for the first time, evaluates the antidiabetic potential of peanut oil, known for its high phytochemical content and medicinal properties.MethodsThe oil, collected from the El Oued region of Algeria, was extracted using the Soxhlet technique with n-hexane as the solvent. The obtained oil was subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The antidiabetic effect in vitro was examined by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. The molecular docking was performed using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software to assess the inhibitory potential of 20 identified phytochemical compounds against α-amylase (PDB ID: 2QV4) and α-glucosidase (PDB ID: 5NN8).ResultsThe oil is showing an inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Twenty fatty acid compounds representing 99.9% of the oil content were classified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis into saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Peanut oil demonstrated significant α-amylase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 228.23 ± 5.68 μg/mL, surpassing the standard inhibitor, acarbose, which had an IC50 of 3650.93 ± 10.70 μg/mL. Conversely, the α-glucosidase inhibition by peanut oil was less pronounced, with an IC50 value exceeding 1,000 μg/mL. Acarbose exhibited a much stronger effect with an IC50 of 405.77 ± 34.83 μg/mL. The molecular docking outcomes stated that stearic acid had a binding energy of −7.5729 kcal/mol and formed hydrogen bonds with residues like Gly164, Asn105, and Ala106, along with hydrophobic interactions with His201, Leu162, Tyr62, Leu165, and Trp59 in α-amylase inhibitory while in α-glusosidase inhibitory apt, the data revealed that compounds such as oxiraneoctanoic acid, 3-octyl, exhibited a favorable binding energy of −6.5120 kcal/mol and formed hydrogen bonds with key residues His674 and Asp616.ConclusionThese findings suggest that while peanut oil holds promise as a natural α-amylase inhibitor, its effect on α-glucosidase is relatively modest compared to the synthetic standard. Further research is recommended to explore the potential synergistic effects of peanut oil’s components for enhanced enzyme inhibition.

In Egypt, the genus Fagonia is found in all the deserts of Egypt and the Sinai Peninsula. It is widely used to treat many diseases as a home remedy without sufficient scientific studies, especially Fagonia arabica L. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the comprehensive phytochemical profile and biological evaluation of F. Arabica using HPLC method, antimicrobial activity, antioxidants, and cytotoxicity assays. The results showed that the phytochemical components detected in the aerial flowering parts of F. arabica were tannins, steroids, terpenoids, diterpenes, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, fixed oils, carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids. HPLC highlighted the presence of fifteen phenolic compounds present in F. arabica aqueous extract, and the highest of them were chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, and catechin. The antibacterial study of F. arabica extract showed significant inhibitory actions against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii with zone diameters of 20.0, 22.0, 23.0, 21.0, 17.0, and 18.0 mm, respectively. The extract of aerial flowering parts of F. arabica showed high value (IC50 = 46.25 µg mL− 1) in its free radical scavenging activity. The F. arabica extract showed low cytotoxicity against the Vero and A549 cell lines with IC50 values of 317.09 µg mL− 1 and 178.08 µg/mL, respectively. Therefore, the F. arabica extract is used as antibacterial and anticancer agents due to their high content of phytochemicals and antioxidants and can be applied in innovative pharmaceutical and medical fields.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13568-025-01918-1.

As concerns regarding beef production on human and environmental health increase, interest in sustainable practices has grown. This study compared soil, plant, and meat samples from three Southern US grass-fed beef systems to a paired grain-fed beef system to assess soil health, forage phytochemical richness, and meat nutritional composition. Soil samples from pasturelands had 1.4 times higher organic matter and 1.7- to 3.0-fold higher levels of minerals like potassium, phosphorus, and calcium compared to paired feed croplands. Grass-fed beef contained 3.1-fold higher phytochemical antioxidants than grain-fed beef, resulting from a 118.2-fold higher phytochemical content in forage. Vitamins A and E in grass-fed beef were also 2.9- and 4.2-fold higher, respectively. Urate levels were 2.0-fold higher in grass-fed samples, while homocysteine and 4-hydroxynonenal glutathione, associated with reduced metabolic health, were elevated in grain-fed samples. The study provides evidence of the beneficial effects of grass-fed beef systems along the soil-plant-animal-human nutrition continuum.

Background and objectivesMalaria remains a significant public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, primarily due to the presence of its primary vector, Anopheles gambiae. The increasing resistance to synthetic insecticides has necessitated the exploration of environmentally friendly alternatives, such as plant-derived bioactive compounds. This study investigated the adulticidal activity of methanolic extracts from the leaves of Senna occidentalis (Fabaceae) and Khaya senegalensis (Meliaceae) against A. gambiae, a primary malaria vector, in a laboratory experiment conducted from January to February 2020 at the Entomology Laboratory, University of Ngaoundéré, Adamaoua Region, Cameroon.Methodology and resultsThe extraction yields were 17.8 % for S. occidentalis and 14.9 % for K. senegalensis. Phytochemical analysis revealed that S. occidentalis leaves contained 21.55 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 g of polyphenols and 24.88 mg quercetin equivalent (QE)/100 g of flavonoids, whereas K. senegalensis leaves contained 18.34 mg GAE/100 g of polyphenols, 34.34 mg QE/100 g of flavonoids, and 27.56 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/100 g of tannins. Bioassays conducted according to World Health Organization (WHO) protocols demonstrated synergistic insecticidal effects between the extracts against A. gambiae. The lethal concentration (LC50) values were 0.87 g/L for S. occidentalis and 1.07 g/L for K. senegalensis, with half-lethal time (HL50) values of 2 h 48 min and 2 h 14 min, respectively. The most effective combination (S. occidentalis [75 %] + K. senegalensis [25 %]) achieved an LC50 of 0.98 g/L and HL50 of 1 h 45 min.Conclusion and applicationThese results highlight the potential of S. occidentalis and K. senegalensis extracts as sustainable biocides for controlling A. gambiae ss populations. Their synergistic efficacy and high phytochemical content support further development into eco-friendly vector control tools, aligning with global efforts to combat insecticide resistance.

Cooking red rice induces chemical and biological changes to the phytochemical content, affecting the food's texture and nutritional profile. In the present study, the effect of cooking red rice on its chemical contents and in vitro anti-diabetes properties was investigated. The raw red rice was extracted with 70% ethanol (RRRE) as well as cooked red rice using an electric rice cooker (CRRE1), an electric pressure rice cooker (CRRE2), a microwave cooker (CRRE3), and boiling (CRRE4). All extracts' phytoconstituents were evaluated using colorimetric analysis and HPLC techniques, and then in vitro anti-diabetes properties were examined. The results revealed that cooked red rice extracts (CRREs) reduced phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, and vanillic acid, as well as flavonoid compounds such as catechin and epicatechin, proanthocyanidin compounds, vitamin E analogs such as α-tocotrienol, α-tocopherol, g-tocotrienol, and g-tocopherol, and g-oryzanol. Furthermore, CRREs retained antioxidant activity in the DPPH and ABTS assays, decreased ROS and NO production in RAW264.7-induced cells, and reduced in vitro lipid peroxidation and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation, similar to RRRE. In addition, we discovered that cooked red rice with boiling had higher phytochemical contents and greater anti-diabetes properties than other cooked red rice. The findings revealed that boiled red rice may be considered anti-diabetic, providing vital insights into the health benefits of eating boiled red rice and promoting boiled red rice for diabetes patients.