Higher-order cosh-Gaussian Beam Research Articles

The characteristics of Laguerre higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam propagating in uniaxial crystal orthogonal to the optical axis

The characteristics of Laguerre higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam propagating in uniaxial crystal orthogonal to the optical axis

Impact of human upper dermis tissue on the spectral intensity of a pulsed chirped general model vortex higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam

Impact of human upper dermis tissue on the spectral intensity of a pulsed chirped general model vortex higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam

Propagation properties of general model vortex higher-order Cosh-Gaussian laser beam through uniaxial crystal orthogonal to the optical axis

Propagation properties of general model vortex higher-order Cosh-Gaussian laser beam through uniaxial crystal orthogonal to the optical axis

Analyzing the theoretical evolution behavior of Laguerre higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam propagating through liver tissue

Analyzing the theoretical evolution behavior of Laguerre higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam propagating through liver tissue

Maritime turbulence effect on the axis light intensity of a Bessel higher-order cosh-Gaussian laser beam

Maritime turbulence effect on the axis light intensity of a Bessel higher-order cosh-Gaussian laser beam

Axial intensity of Bessel higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam propagating in a turbulent atmosphere

Axial intensity of Bessel higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam propagating in a turbulent atmosphere

Propagation of hollow higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam in human upper dermis

Optical detection, measurement, and treatment methods are widely used in the medical industry nowadays. The evolution of radiated beams, received power and beam size play vital roles while developing devices. The propagation properties of hollow higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam (HHOCGB) while propagating in human upper dermis tissue are derived analytically and analyzed numerically. The impact of the hollowness parameter, beam order, operating wavelength, and Gaussian beam waists on the beam’s intensity profile is examined. Received power and beam size variations are analyzed considering operating wavelength and Gaussian waist width. According to the results, as the beam propagates, its profile rapidly evolves into a shape with a circular Gaussian peak in the center and petals at the corner. Dark hollow regions are observed among the petals. Furthermore, the received power by HHOCGBs with a higher Gaussian waist width is more than those received by beams with a lower Gaussian waist width. However, at far field, operating at a lower wavelength prevents the increase of the beam spread. Thus, the obtained results will be significant in the bio-optical disease detection and treatment technology development.

Introduction of Bessel higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam and its propagation through a paraxial ABCD optical system

Introduction of Bessel higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam and its propagation through a paraxial ABCD optical system

The effects of atmospheric turbulence on the spectral changes of diffracted pulsed hollow higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam

The effects of atmospheric turbulence on the spectral changes of diffracted pulsed hollow higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam

Propagation of General Model vortex higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam in maritime turbulence

Propagation of General Model vortex higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam in maritime turbulence

Analyzing the spectral characteristics of a pulsed Laguerre higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam propagating through a paraxial ABCD optical system

Analyzing the spectral characteristics of a pulsed Laguerre higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam propagating through a paraxial ABCD optical system

Spectral properties of pulsed Laguerre higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam propagating through the turbulent atmosphere

The formula for the propagation of pulsed Laguerre higher-order cosh-Gaussian (LHChG) beam in turbulent atmosphere is derived using the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle and the Fourier Transform method. The impact of atmospheric turbulence, transverse positions, and initial beam parameters on the spectral intensity of the propagated beam has been examined using graphical representations. The relative spectral shift of pulsed LHChG beam in turbulent atmosphere with different radial coordinates has also been studied and illustrated with numerical calculations. Analysis show that the spectral intensity depends on the structure constant of the refractive index, pulse duration, and beam order. On-axis spectral intensity is blue-shifted and off-axis spectral intensity is red-shifted with increasing radial coordinate. From our main results, one derive some published particular cases of the considered beam. The research results have potential applications in information coding and transmission.

Propagation of hollow higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam in oceanic turbulence

The averaged received intensity of hollow higher-order cosh-Gaussian (HHOCG) beam propagating in oceanic turbulence is derived based on extended Huygens–Fresnel integral. In detail, the effect of beam parameters and oceanic turbulence parameters on the received intensity is analyzed. Interestingly, beam has a focusing nature along propagation. Our results indicate that received intensity distribution is not affected from the variation in source field parameters. Beam size at the receiver plane can vary according to the changes in turbulence nature. Accordingly, the provided results will contribute to the improvement of both underwater optical communication and imaging systems.

Atmospheric turbulent effects on the propagation properties of a general model vortex higher-order Cosh-Gaussian beam

The propagation properties for a General Model vortex Higher-order Cosh-Gaussian beam (GMvHchGB) propagating in a turbulent atmosphere are studied in detail. Based on the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction principle, the analytical formula of the intensity evolution for the considered beam traveling in turbulent atmosphere is derived at various propagation distances. The derived equation provides a general convenient procedure for describing the propagation properties of some particular beams in free space/atmospheric turbulence such as a fundamental Gaussian, Cosh-Gaussian, vortex Cosh-Gaussian and higher-order Cosh-Gaussian beams. The impact of the incident parameters as Gaussian waist, Cosh parameter, wavelength, hollowness and order of the beam are numerically verified. The results of our study proved that the beams maintain their intensity focused over long propagation distances. So, such of these beams will be useful in applications of the optical communication over free-space of the long-distance.

Near field propagation of hollow higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam in jet engine induced turbulence

Propagation of hollow higher-order cosh-Gaussian (HHOCG) beam through jet engine induced turbulence is analyzed in this article. Special form of Huygens–Fresnel integral is solved in order to find averaged received intensity. Since beam shows rapidly focusing behavior, intensity profile is analyzed for short propagation distances. Beam evolves into four petal shape at short distance and size of hollow in the center is directly proportional with beam parameters. Raise in these parameters brings longer focusing point along propagation axis. Surprisingly, beam shows focusing behavior along propagation. According to our results, we think that especially this focusing trend is useful for applications required line of sight alignment like directed infrared counter measure (DIRCM).

Beam propagation factor of Hollow higher-order Cosh-Gaussian beams

Based on the second-order moments definition, the beam propagation factor of a new mathematical model of Hollow higher-order Cosh-Gaussian (HhCG) beams is investigated. Analytical formula for the M2-factor of HhCG beams is derived, which depends on the hollowness parameter l, the beam order n, the parameter of the cosh part δ and the beam waist ω0. The influences of these parameters are illustrated with numerical examples. The result provides more general characteristics because the higher-order Cosh-Gaussian, Cosh-Gaussian and Gaussian beams are obtained as specials cases of HhCG beams.

Paraxial propagation and focusing of higher-order cosh-Gaussian beams

Based on the Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral, a concise formula for the higher-order cosh-Gaussian beams (HOChGB) propagating through a paraxial ABCD optical system is derived. The propagation formula of the HOChGB is expressed as a superposition of cosh-Gaussian modes and in terms of the Gaussian beam-parameter q. The profile and the inter-lobe space of the beam at the initial plane are analyzed with the help of the maximum intensity criterion as a function of the decentered parameter and the beam order. It is shown that during propagation the HOChGB with appropriate parameters may progressively change profile, and in far-field the amplitude of the beam is expressed as a superposition of cosine functions modulated by a Gaussian envelope. Furthermore, it is found that the focal shift of the focused HOChGB increases with the decrease of the Fresnel number, the decentered parameter and the beam order.

Propagation properties of Hollow higher-order cosh-Gaussian beams in quadratic index medium and Fractional Fourier transform

Hollow higher-order cosh-Gaussian (HhCG) beam is a new mathematical model to describe the dark-hollow beam. An analytical expression for HhCG beams propagating through a paraxail ABCD optical system is derived and used to investigate its propagation properties in a quadratic index medium (QIM) and a Fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) optical system. By using the derived expressions, the properties of HhCG beams of both systems are graphically illustrated with numerical example. Several influence parameters on the evolution of HhCG in the both systems QIM and FRFT, respectively, are discussed in detail. Results show that the intensity distribution of HhCG evolves periodically during propagation in the QIM. In FRFT system, it is found that the normalized intensity distribution of HhCG beams plane depends not only on the fractional order but also on the beam order and the truncation parameter. The results obtained in this work are valuable to provide a convenient way for HhCG beams shaping, optical fibers, lenses, and other fields.

Transformation of higher-order cosh-Gaussian beams into an Airy-related beams by an optical airy transform system

In this paper, we investigate the transformation of a higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam into an Airy-related beam by an Airy transform optical system. Based on the Huygens-Fresnel integral diffraction, the analytical expression of the generated curved beam is derived. The effects of the decentered parameter b, the beam orders, and the phase constants (α and β) on the generated beam are discussed numerically. It is shown that the number and the intensity distributions of side lobes of the generated beam pattern depend on the parameter b and the beam orders. Peak band structures are observed for higher-orders and large b. Furthermore, the localization of the beam pattern in the plane depends on the relative signs of α and β. The obtained results may be useful in practical applications dealing with Airy beams.

Computational ghost imaging with higher-order cosh-Gaussian modulated incoherent sources in atmospheric turbulence

We show that the resolution of the computational ghost imaging (CGI) system through atmospheric turbulence can be significantly improved by modulating a coherent source with high-order cosh-Gaussian functions. The analytical formula for the CGI system with a higher-order cosh-Gaussian source in turbulent atmosphere is derived and can be viewed as the original object convoluted a point-spread function (PSF). The imaging quality is mainly determined by the size of the PSF, which is closely related to the source parameters of the higher-order cosh-Gaussian beam, the turbulent strength and the propagation distance. Numerical examples are given to clearly see the effects of the above system parameters on the PSF and the quality of the CGI system. Compared with the widely used Gaussian source, it is found that the resolution of CGI can be obviously enhanced by properly adjusting the parameters of the higher-order cosh-Gaussian sources. Thus this kind of shaped source can be used to improve the imaging resolution and may be helpful to the CGI real applications.