High-order Modulation Research Articles

Design and performance investigation of a coherent optical system based multi-band OFDM with various indexes

Abstract In this work, a comprehensive study of a multi-band optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OOFDM) system is investigated. Different OFDM indexes (128,256,512, and 1024) are utilized with the coherent detection CD technique. High-order modulation 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) is used to obtain high spectral efficiency. Transmission studies indicated that 128 subcarriers with 2-bands exhibit a higher optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of 23 dB with lower bit error rate (BER) of 1 × 10−4, while 1024 subcarriers with 8-bands shows a lower OSNR of 22 dB with a higher BER of 3 × 10−3. Even though the higher subcarrier type has the lowest BER, it provides a superior solution when combined with wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) in the presence of forward error correction (FEC). The performance of the system with 40 Gbps along 800 km of uncompensated fiber has designed and simulated using Optisystem software.

RF-PSF: A CNN-Based Process Distinction Method Using Inadvertent RF Signatures

Stochastic variation of process parameters within a die and technology-limitation-driven variation from die-to-die give rise to unique distribution patterns for manufacturing process parameters. These patterns work as a process signature that is transferred from the device level to the system level through electrical circuits and can be used to make a distinction among the processes. In this work, we propose an in-situ manufacturing process technology distinction method‘, Radio Frequency Process Specific Functions (RF-PSF)’, that uses process-specific inherent properties of an IC manifested in the transmitted radio frequency signal. Among many desirable testing criteria, RF-PSF addresses the question of fabrication with the intended process technology. This information plays an important role in modern zero-trust architecture and IC clone detection, a counterfeiting method where the IC is manufactured using a different process. An RF transmitter with RF-DAC power amplifier for QPSK modulation has been designed and simulated in 14nm, 22nm, and 65nm processes for 5 process corners (TT, FF, FS, SF, and SS) in Cadence. The simulated data have been processed in MATLAB. A Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), trained with the constellation data, provides an average accuracy of ~90% for process distinction. Realizing that (i) a higher order modulation will have even more process information and (ii) we can harness the Convolutional Neural Network’s (CNN) improved capability on pattern recognition, we can feed image-like constellation plots to a CNN to get better and consistent performance. Using the baseband constellations for 64-QAM modulated data as images, we have achieved ~100% accuracy with commonly used, pretrained CNN models (ResNet18, ResNet50, and GoogleNet) through transfer learning. The separation among 5 process corners within a process, termed intra-process variation, is also analyzed. The effect of baseband sampling rate and ADC resolution, two practical limitations in RF systems, have been explored. An extensive study has been performed on the effect of a key design parameter at the RF circuit level i.e. W/L or aspect ratio, leading to design insights, proper CNN selection, and some control parameters. This work establishes RF-PSF as a zero-power, zero-area overhead, in-situ process distinction method.

23.1-Gb/s 135-GHz Wireless Transmission Over 4.6-Km and Effect of Rain Attenuation

In this article, we have experimentally demonstrated a fiber-wireless-integration <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D$</tex-math> </inline-formula> -band (110–170 GHz) transmission system. To extend the wireless transmission distance while maintaining the wireless bit rate as high as possible, we designed high-gain lens horn antenna modules consisting of a pair of dielectric plano-convex lenses and horn antennas for long-haul wireless links. In addition, we employ the Volterra nonlinear equalization (VNE) algorithm based on the multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) structure to precisely compensate for the in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance and nonlinear impairment of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals mainly caused by photoelectric (O-E) conversion and electric-photo (E-O) conversion. Meanwhile, one of the methods adopted in our experiment to decrease the influence of nonlinearity on high-order QAM signals is coupling the high-order modulation format with the probabilistic shaping (PS) technology. As a result of outdoor field experimental verification, the demonstration at 135 GHz carrier with a net rate of 23.1 Gb/s over 10 km optic-fiber and 4.6 km wireless transmission distance has been successfully carried out. It is, as we know, the first time that a record-breaking product of net bit rate and wireless transmission distance, i.e., 23.1 Gb/s <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$</tex-math> </inline-formula> 4.6 km <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$=$</tex-math> </inline-formula> 106.3 Gb/s <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot$</tex-math> </inline-formula> km, has been accomplished based on a fiber-wireless-integration system. Also, for the first time, we have measured the effect of rain attenuation for the 135 GHz millimeter-wave (mm-wave) wireless link and established more accurate rainfall models for the Shanghai region of China by comparing them with multiple rainfall models. This work can be used as a complement to the International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunication sector (ITU-R) recommendations.

Mode Coupling in Mode Division Multiplexing techniques for futuristic high speed optical networks and exploring optical fiber parameters to control mode coupling

Fiber optic communications are inevitable to achieve higher data rates of modern telecom networks. After utilization of Wavelength division multiplexing, higher order modulations and polarization multiplexing, mode division multiplexing is a new dimension to achieve higher transmission capacity for optical fiber communication links. Different spatial distributions of optical energy along cross sectional area of optical fiber allows simultaneous transmission of data by considering each mode as an independent channel. During such simultaneous transmissions, possibility of mixing of signals amongst modes causes signal degradations and acts as limiting factor for bandwidth – distance product of the link. This effect of mode coupling has been explored in this article by presenting its mathematical formulations. A simulation has been performed to study the impact of fiber constructional parameters on mode coupling using optical wavelengths used for telecommunication systems. The observations help to develop fibers for reduced mode coupling for particular group of modes and operating wavelengths. This article paves the way forward for study of mode coupling in micro and macro bending conditions for forthcoming research endeavours.

Mitigating nonlinear distortions of high-powered LEDs for VLC using deep neural networks

Visible light communication (VLC) is an emerging technology showing promising signs of being incorporated into 6G. VLC has challenges to overcome, mainly the nonlinear distortion from light-emitting diodes (LEDs), attenuation at high frequencies, and the presence of ambient light. This paper presents the hardware implementation of VLC with a deep neural network (DNN) based demodulator that can mitigate the nonlinear distortions and improve the received signal quality, especially when high-powered LEDs are used. Off-the-shelf available LEDs have different properties from different manufacturers, and developing a model of all the combined effects is intricate. Few machine learning (ML) based solutions have been presented to mitigate these hindrances like Autoencoders, but the difficulty is with their pre-training. The presented method uses DNN that can be used robustly without pre-training. It is tested with experimentally obtained data using high-powered, off-the-shelf available LEDs. The DNN is trained using the received training and data symbols that are transmitted simultaneously. The DNN has improved the bit error rate (BER) by recovering the data symbols that had undergone distortion. It is observed that the DNN can make up for decreased efficiency due to training symbols by improving the BER for higher-order modulations. It is also observed that the required BER performance can be achieved with fewer training symbols in the transmitted packet.

Performance Evaluation of Single-Carrier and Orthogonal Frequency Divison Multiplexing-Based Autoencoders in Comparison with Low-Density Parity-Check Encoder

Recently, the growing demands for ultra-high speed applications require more advanced and optimal data transmission techniques. Wireless autoencoders have gained significant attention since they provide global optimization of the transceiver structure. This article explores the application of autoencoders to enhance the performance of wireless communication systems. It provides the performance evaluation of the systems using single-carrier and OFDM-based autoencoders under the conditions of AWGN and fading channels. Then, in terms of the BLER metric, the wireless systems with autoencoders are compared with conventional systems using LDPC coding and quadrature amplitude modulation for various configurations. Simulation results indicate that for high-modulation orders (QAM-64 or QAM-256), communication systems employing autoencoders provide superior performance compared to systems using LDPC channel encoding in regions with a low signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio. Specifically, a gain of 1–2 dB in signal power is obtained for single-carrier autoencoders and 0.3–2 dB is obtained for OFDM-based autoencoders. Therefore, wireless communication systems utilizing autoencoders can be considered as a promising candidate for future wireless communication systems.

GGCNN: An Efficiency-Maximizing Gated Graph Convolutional Neural Network Architecture for Automatic Modulation Identification

Automatic modulation identification (AMI) is a technique to detect the modulation type and order of a received signal, which has the potential to enhance cognitive radio capabilities for future generations of communication devices. However, AMI classifiers traditionally have exhibited low efficiency in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments. Hence, to address this problem we present our novel Gated Graph Convolutional Neural Network (GGCNN) classifier for feature-based AMI. This architecture includes a robust feature extraction stage to extract deep correlative patterns about the received symbols. Not only does this feature extraction stage use the temporal characteristics of the received symbols, but it also takes advantage of embedded signaling features from the received signal. In the proposed classifier, the received constellations are treated as a graph, allowing it to outperform state-of-the-art classifiers due to its strong performance in graph classification. This is observed clearly in the visualization of the extracted features, even for high-order modulation schemes. In this paper, we present our systematic research conducted for maximizing the efficiency obtainable by our classifier. Extensive simulation results demonstrate a significant accuracy improvement of 18.44 percentage points, and an efficiency increase by 60.78% for our GGCNN-AMI classifier compared to state-of-the-art classifiers in low-SNR environments.

Design of Orthogonal Pulse Waveforms With Tunable Frequency and Bandwidth for Carrier-Free THz Communications

Carrier-free pulse-based waveforms are desired in terahertz (THz) communications since pulse-based systems have simpler transceiver architectures than carrier-based systems. For such a pulse-based THz communication system, there still lacks pulse waveforms that can support high-order modulation and flexible multiple access. In this paper, a pulse-based waveform with continuously tunable center frequencies and bandwidths is designed for carrier-free THz communications. More specifically, a Gaussian pulse is utilized as the basic pulse, and then the weighted sum of its high-order derivatives is used to generate waveforms with tunable frequencies and bandwidths according to the probability density function of Rice distribution. Such a pulse-based waveform is called frequency and bandwidth continuously tunable (FBCT) pulse. By making the derivative orders of all weighted terms odd or even, a pair of orthogonal FBCT pulses can be generated. Based on the pair of orthogonal FBCT pulses, a basic pulse-based <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> -ary quadrature amplitude modulation (P <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> QAM) scheme can be readily achieved. Moreover, with frequency and bandwidth tunability, FBCT pulse can support pulse division multiple access (PDMA) with tunable bandwidth, through which frequencies with high molecular absorption loss can be avoided. Numerical results demonstrate that FBCT pulse is significantly effective and flexible in supporting carrier-free THz communications.

Clone-comb-enabled high-capacity digital-analogue fronthaul with high-order modulation formats

Clone-comb-enabled high-capacity digital-analogue fronthaul with high-order modulation formats

PDM-OFDM 1-bit DSM 1024QAM/4096QAM signals at W-band transmission over 4.6-km wireless distance.

In this Letter, we propose the application of delta-sigma modulation (DSM) higher-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) technology in long-distance transmission of W-band wireless communication, and demonstrate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the wireless transmission of millimeter wave signals in the W-band based on 1-bit DSM quantization using polarization-division-multiplexed orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (PDM-OFDM) 1024QAM/4096QAM for 4.6 km. We successfully achieved a bit error rate (BER) of 40-Gbit/s PDM-OFDM 1024QAM and 48-Gbit/s PDM-OFDM 4096QAM after 4.6-km wireless transmission, both lower than the soft decision forward error correction (SD-FEC) of 4.2 × 10-2. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that up to 4096QAM signals have been quantized and transmitted based on 1-bit DSM in a 4.6-km-long distance W-band millimeter wave system.

LiNEV: Visible Light Networking for Connected Vehicles

DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) has been introduced to visible light networking framework for connected vehicles (LiNEV) systems as a modulation and multiplexing scheme. This is to overcome the light-emitting diode (LED) bandwidth limitation, as well as to reduce the inter-symbol interference caused by the multipath road fading. Due to the implementation of the inverse fast Fourier transform, DC-OFDM suffers from its large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which degrades the performance in LiNEV systems, as the LEDs used in the vehicles’ headlights have a limited optical power-current linear range. To tackle this issue, discrete Fourier transform spread-optical pulse amplitude modulation (DFTS-OPAM) has been proposed as an alternative modulation scheme for LiNEV systems instead of DCO-OFDM. In this paper, we investigate the system performance of both schemes considering the light-emitting diode linear dynamic range and LED 3 dB modulation bandwidth limitations. The simulation results indicate that DCO-OFDM has a 9 dB higher PAPR value compared with DFTS-OPAM. Additionally, it is demonstrated that DCO-OFDM requires an LED with a linear range that is twice the one required by DFTS-OPAM for the same high quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) order. Furthermore, the findings illustrate that when the signal bandwidth of both schemes significantly exceeds the LED modulation bandwidth, DCO-OFDM outperforms DFTS-OPAM, as it requires a lower signal-to-noise ratio at a high QAM order.

Two-Stage LMMSE/DNN Receiver for High-Order Modulation

High-order modulation has been seen as a promising technology to increase the spectral efficiency of wireless communications. Unfortunately, higher-order signals are susceptible to power amplifier (PA) nonlinearities and multi-path effects of the channel, leading to nonlinear distortion and severe inter-symbol interference. To guarantee the reliable detection of high-order signals, a two-stage receiver consisting of linear minimize mean squared error (LMMSE) equalizer and deep neural network (DNN) demodulator, namely TSLD receiver, is proposed, where LMMSE equalizer and DNN are deployed to eliminate inter-symbol interference and handle the amplifier nonlinearity, respectively. To facilitate the implementation of our proposed receiver, the specific pilot structure is designed, where low-order modulations are used for LMMSE equalizer and high-order modulations are used for DNN training. Simulation results show that our proposed TSLD receiver for high-order demodulation could recover the transmitted symbols effectively, even under serious multi-path and nonlinerity scenarios.

Analysis of throughput and error rate of 16-QAM, 64-QAM, and 256-QAM O-NOMA waveforms

Abstract This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the throughput performance, spectrum efficiency, and block error rate (BLER) of optical non-orthogonal multiple access (O-NOMA) waveforms using 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), 64-QAM, and 256-QAM modulation schemes. The aim is to assess the trade-offs between data rate, spectral efficiency, and error performance in O-NOMA systems. The analysis reveals that higher-order modulations, such as 64-QAM and 256-QAM, offer higher data rates and improved spectrum efficiency compared to 16-QAM. Furthermore, the study investigates the spectrum performance of the O-NOMA waveforms. The results indicate that higher-order modulations may utilise the spectrum more efficiently, maximising the data throughput within the available bandwidth. Moreover, the BLER analysis provides insights into the error performance of the O-NOMA waveforms. It quantifies the probability of errors occurring in a block of transmitted data and evaluates the system’s reliability. The analysis reveals that 256-QAM O-NOMA achieves lower BLER and high throughput in uplink and downlink as compared with the 16 and 64-QAM O-NOMA frameworks.

A nonbinary LDPC-coded product distribution matching probabilistic shaping scheme for high order modulation

In this paper, a non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC)-coded low complexity product distribution matching (PDM) probabilistic shaping (PS) scheme for high-order modulation is proposed. Compared with conventional non-binary LDPC-coded regular quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes, the proposed non-binary LDPC-coded low complexity PDM-PS QAM scheme can obtain shaping gain, as evidenced through theoretical average mutual information and simulated error performance analyses. When the spectral efficiency is 4.5 bits/s/Hz, compared with the regular 64QAM system, the proposed 64QAM PDM-PS system can obtain 0.26 dB theoretical energy gain, while its simulated error performance is 0.30 dB. When the spectral efficiency is 6.0 bits/s/Hz, compared with the regular 256QAM system, the proposed 256QAM PDM-PS system can obtain 0.73 dB theoretical energy gain, while its simulated error performance is 0.93 dB. Compared with the conventional non-binary LDPC-coded PS QAM scheme, the proposed non-binary LDPC-coded PDM-PS QAM scheme can reduce the computational complexity by 33.1% and 49.7% under 64QAM and 256QAM, respectively, with acceptable error performance loss. The information-theoretic and error performance analyses both indicate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed scheme.

A Multi-Modal Modulation Recognition Method with SNR Segmentation Based on Time Domain Signals and Constellation Diagrams

Deep-learning-based automatic modulation recognition (AMR) has recently attracted significant interest due to its high recognition accuracy and the lack of a need to manually set classification standards. However, it is extremely challenging to achieve a high recognition accuracy in increasingly complex channel environments and balance the complexity. To address this issue, we propose a multi-modal AMR neural network model with SNR segmentation called M-LSCANet, which integrates an SNR segmentation strategy, lightweight residual stacks, skip connections, and an attention mechanism. In the proposed model, we use time domain I/Q data and constellation diagram data only in medium and high signal-to-noise (SNR) regions to jointly extract the signal features. But for the low SNR region, only I/Q signals are used. This is because constellation diagrams are very recognizable in the medium and high SNRs, which is conducive to distinguishing high-order modulation. However, in the low SNR region, excessive similarity and the blurring of constellations caused by heavy noise will seriously interfere with modulation recognition, resulting in performance loss. Remarkably, the proposed method uses lightweight residuals stacks and rich ski connections, so that more initial information is retained to learn the constellation diagram feature information and extract the time domain features from shallow to deep, but with a moderate complexity. Additionally, after feature fusion, we adopt the convolution block attention module (CBAM) to reweigh both the channel and spatial domains, further improving the model’s ability to mine signal characteristics. As a result, the proposed approach significantly improves the overall recognition accuracy. The experimental results on the RadioML 2016.10B public dataset, with SNR ranging from −20 dB to 18 dB, show that the proposed M-LSCANet outperforms existing methods in terms of classification accuracy, achieving 93.4% and 95.8% at 0 dB and 12 dB, respectively, which are improvements of 2.7% and 2.0% compared to TMRN-GLU. Moreover, the proposed model exhibits a moderate parameter number compared to state-of-the-art methods.

AUTOMATIC MODULATION CLASSIFICATION USING DEEP LEARNING POLAR FEATURE

The automatic modulation classification of signals is of great importance in modern communications, especially on cognitive radio. Several methods have been used in this field, the most important of which is the classification of modulation automatically using Deep Learning, where the methods depend on the convolution neural network, which is one of the Deep Learning networks, achieved high accuracy in classifying the modulation, so the proposed network depends on the type of deep learning CNN consisting of four blocks, each block contains a set of symmetric and asymmetric filters. The network also contains Max Pool. In this paper, the features extracted in phase-squaring and polar have been combined for the input, which helps in extending the input, that is, an increase in the features inside the network. It also contributes to improving the accuracy of classifying the higher-order modulation through the Polar plane. The dataset RadioML 2018.01A was adopted, which is used in the most recent research, where 11 types of modulation normal-class: (FM, GMSK, QPSK, BPSK, 0QPSK, AM-SSB-SC, 4ASK, AM-DSB-SC, 16QAM, 8PSK,00K) were taken. A simulation of which can be found in Matlab 2021. The proposed network achieved 100% classification accuracy when the signal-to-noise ratio is greater or equal to 2 dB for 11 types of modulation. The results of the paper were compared with modern networks Baseline network, Visual Geometry Group network, and Residual Neural network. The comparison showed the superiority of the proposed network over these networks, as the proposed network achieved an accuracy equal to 100% at SNR 2 dB while BL achieved an accuracy equal to 72% at SNR 2 dB, RN, and VGG almost reach 93% at SNR 2 dB.

Polar Codes and a M-ary Modulation-Based OFDM-PLC System

Power Line Communication (PLC) serves as a medium for communication over power lines, utilizing the existing power grid for information transmission. It offers a low-cost, highly scalable signal transmission method and has the potential to become the preferred technology for providing broadband in smart homes, offices, and smart grids. However, noise in the power line channel, especially impulse noise, seriously affects the communication quality of PLC. In this paper, we establish an OFDM-PLC system with higher-order modulation and polar codes. The higher-order QAM or APSK modulation technique is employed to increase the signal transmission rate and the system performance is analyzed. To combat the impulse noise in the PLC channel, we first model it using a superposition of multi-damping sinusoidal functions and then introduce the polar coding scheme to suppress the impulse noise in the system, thereby improving the transmission reliability. Simulation results verify that the proposed polar coding scheme based on the OFDM-PLC system can improve the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of PLC channel transmission under impulse interference.

Joint-Transceiver Equalization Technique over a 1.4 km Multi-Mode Fiber Using Optical MIMO Technique in IM/DD Systems

In optical fiber communication, recent advances in multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems using space-division multiplexing have helped achieve higher spectral efficiency and data rates. Propagating higher-order modulation formats over MIMO systems further strengthens the capacity of the transmission link. In the optical-MIMO system, the dispersion impairments originating from a 1.4 km long multi-mode fiber (MMF) are mitigated using the proposed joint-transceiver equalization technique. A numerical convex optimization algorithm is used to compute and optimize the pre- and post-equalization (PPE) coefficients jointly restricted by cost and power budgets. The potential of the proposed joint-PPE technique is tested on an MMF link, which is severely degraded by dispersion compared to a single-mode fiber channel. From the experimental results, the average optical received power gain necessary to reach 10−4 bit-error rate is improved by nearly 2.5 dB using the joint-PPE compared to the post-equalization only based on the minimum mean-squared error principle. When the efficiency of the conventional zero-forcing (ZF) principle-based PPE and the joint-PPE is compared, the joint-PPE scheme outperforms the ZF-PPE by approximately 1.5 dB. The enhancement in the transmission quality is observed with experimentally measured eye diagrams using the joint-PPE scheme. Under the analyzed scenarios, computer simulation also confirms the hypothesis, which establishes the effectiveness of the proposed joint-transceiver equalization over the conventional ZF-PPE scheme. Moreover, the simulated performance benefits of the joint-PPE are evaluated using the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique. Improvement of ≈3.86 dB in the average optical received power gain required to reach 10−4 bit-error rate is witnessed with the PAM-4 format. Overall, the joint-transceiver equalization technique is proven to be beneficial in optical MIMO systems.

High Spectral Efficiency Photonics-Based Polarization Multiplexing OFDM Signal Delivery at W-Band

We have implemented a large-capacity, long-haul, and high spectral efficiency photonics-based polarization multiplexing communication system at W-band. The signal delivery up to 119.1 Gb/s with spectral efficiency of 9.9 bit/s/Hz is achieved over a 10 km optic-fiber link and 4600 m wireless link. In our study, we utilize an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme to compensate for the signal impairments caused by the dispersion effect and the wireless multipath effect. Based on a pair of antennas, the antenna polarization multiplexing technique is used to realize the polarization-multiplexed mm-wave signal delivery. Also, only one communication link is required, instead of the complex 2×2 line-of-sight multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) link. Instead of Cassegrain antennas, the combination of plano-convex lens and horn antenna greatly extends the wireless distance. For increasing the spectral efficiency and throughput of the communication system, we employ higher-order modulation formats, probabilistic shaping (PS) techniques, and a series of equalization algorithms. Based on photonics technology, we have created a record-setting distance-rate product of 547.9 Gb/s•km (119.1 Gb/s × 4.6 km) for an independent channel at W-band.

100 Gbit/s PAM-4 Linear Burst-Mode Transimpedance Amplifier for Upstream Flexible Passive Optical Networks

Next-generation passive optical networks (PONs) with upstream rates of 50 Gbit/s and beyond will require a new class of burst-mode transimpedance amplifiers (BMTIAs) that are linear to enable (digital) equalization of channel impairments. Such linear BMTIAs also enable higher-order modulation formats like 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4). In this paper, we demonstrate operation of a novel linear BMTIA integrated together with a commercial off-the-shelf 25G-class avalanche photodiode (APD), achieving 50 Gbit/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) operation with a sensitivity of -23.7 dBm optical modulation amplitude (OMA) and dynamic range exceeding 21.7 dB and 100 Gbit/s PAM-4 operation with a sensitivity of -15.8 dBm OMA and dynamic range exceeding 15.4 dB, both at a bit error ratio (BER) of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> . In addition, fast burst-mode gain-control and balancing circuits limit loud-soft sensitivity penalties in the case of AC-coupled circuits to less than 1.3 dB. The chip was designed in a 0.13 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula> m SiGe:C BiCMOS technology, has an area of 1.2×1.7 mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and consumes between 260 mW and 310 mW. This receiver paves the way to a next-generation class of BMTIAs, supporting the ITU-T G.9804.3 Amd 1 standard.