The neuro-behavioral contributions of early parental autonomy support to executive function.

A new type of superconducting wire with high critical current density, fine filament, ultra-low loss experimental NbTi/Cu5Ni/Cu has been developed in this paper for the miniaturized heavy ion therapy device of China. The wire uses Cu-5%Ni alloy instead of conventional high-purity OFC as the matrix, which could prevent the coupling between filaments at low temperature and reduce the eddy current loss effectively. Meanwhile, the Cu5Ni matrix and NbTi filament are separated by high-purity Nb. Nb, as a barrier layer, could isolate the diffusion reaction between Cu and Ti in the process of high-temperature and long-time aging heat treatment. In order to reduce the hysteresis loss of the wire, the filament inside the wire is increased to 75276. The filament diameter is reduced to 1.9 μm under wire diameter of Φ0.8 mm. Due to large number of filaments of the wire, filament breakage and wire breakage phenomena occur during processing of the wire. The Jc (4.2 K, 5 T) of the wire is only 2410 A/mm2, and the “n” value is only 17.9. The hysteresis loss (4.2 K, ±3 T) of the wire is 19.9 mJ/cm3, which reached a new higher level in history.

Falls are a critical health and safety issue, causing over 46,000 deaths, 8.5 million injuries, and $190 billion in costs annually in the United States. To effectively prevent falls, assessing fall risk is essential to direct interventions such as jobsite or home modifications or physical training programs. Current fall risk assessments mainly rely on wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU)-based methods, which accomplish the assessment by monitoring abnormal body movements when exposed to slip, trip, and fall (STF) hazards. However, wearable IMU-based methods often face a significant challenge in distinguishing body movement induced by STF hazard exposure versus other intended or unintended actions while walking (transitional walking), such as bending and jumping. Both STF hazard exposure and transitional walking similarly induce large abnormal motion patterns, leading to a high likelihood of false positives. To overcome this challenge, this study aimed to examine the feasibility of monitoring physiological arousal via a wearable electrodermal activity (EDA) sensor to differentiate between body movement induced by STF hazard exposure and transitional walking. Because the EDA sensor reliably indicates arousal changes during stress-inducing events, it may help distinguish arousal changes caused by STF hazard exposure—a common type of stressor—from those due to nonhazardous walking. Specifically, this study focuses on daily walking in the built environment to confirm the potential of integrating EDA in typical walking scenarios encountered in everyday routines. To examine this feasibility, EDA data were collected while participants walked an in-lab and outdoor predetermined route. Friedman’s tests and multivariable modeling determined whether the arousal levels differ significantly among regular walking, transitional walking, and STF hazard exposure. The results indicate that STF hazard exposure is accompanied by a significantly higher mean arousal level relative to regular walking and transitional walking (p<0.05). This finding suggests that sensing of physiological arousal via a wearable EDA sensor helps differentiate between STF hazard exposure and other walking activities.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of diagnostic radiographers regarding non-accidental injuries in Zambia.

We investigated the flux pinning properties of NdBCO films, and commercially available coated conductors (CCs) with and without APCs (Y<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>O<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> nano-particles), that were irradiated with 44 MeV Au ions to create spherical defects (SDs) along the ion path. The critical temperature T<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> decayed more slowly with the irradiation fluence for the CCs with APCs, which had more crystal strains due to the introduction of APCs and higher hole doping level due to full oxygenation. In addition, the CCs with APCs exhibited the most significant enhancement of in-field critical current density Jc due to the introduction of the SDs, probably due to a hybrid flux pinning consisting of SDs and APCs, as well as enhanced flux pinning through the overdoped state. The flux creep rate S decreased with irradiation fluence; however, a slight peak occurred at higher fluence. This suggests that SDs arranged in series have both random and correlated flux pinning features.

Can Google trends be used to estimate the geographic distribution of alien plants in the United States?

Halogenated flame retardants, thyroid function biomarkers, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-related traits and neurodevelopment in children: Recent evidence from a Canadian prospective birth cohort study.

We aimed to evaluate population-based outcomes of chemoradiation therapy (CRT) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer given a lack of population-based data, particularly in older adults. We conducted observational analyses using SEER-Medicare based on the CRT protocol in the control arm of SWOG/NRG 1806. We included adults aged 66-89years with T2-T4a N0 M0 urothelial bladder cancer treated with radiation and concurrent chemotherapy (cisplatin, gemcitabine, or 5-FU+mitomycin C) within 90days of transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) from 2000 to 2017. We examined progression-free (PFS), cancer-specific (CSS), and overall survival (OS) using claims-based proxies and the Kaplan-Meier method. Associations of baseline characteristics with outcomes were evaluated using Cox regression. A total of 283 patients were included. Median age was 78years (IQR 73-82), and tumor stage was T2 in 247 (87%) patients. Median follow-up was 26.0months. At five years, PFS was 47%, CSS was 53%, and OS was 35%. On multivariable analysis, female sex (HR 1.74) was associated with increased risk of cancer-specific mortality (CSM), while higher education level (HR 0.37 for <14% without high school education versus >29%) was associated with reduced CSM. Notwithstanding the limitations of SEER-Medicare, in observational analyses designed to evaluate outcomes of a hypothetical single-arm trial, CRT was associated with lower CSS and OS than reported in prior clinical trials. Additional studies are required to determine if this is related to the efficacy or completeness of CRT in population-based practices or differences between trial and non-trial populations.

Digital divide begins at home: Socioeconomic disparities in digital parenting practices in rural China.

Detritivorous organisms, such as sea cucumbers, are key components of marine benthic ecosystems, contributing to sediment bioturbation and nutrient recycling, and thereby playing a pivotal role in ecosystem functioning. However, due to rising plastic production and inadequate waste management, their sediment-ingesting feeding strategy makes them particularly susceptible to anthropogenic particle (AP) contamination, potentially influencing trophic transfer and benthic-pelagic coupling. This study represents the first investigation on AP occurrence in holothuroids, Holothuria sanctori and H. tubulosa, inhabiting the transitional coastal waters of the Capo Peloro Natural Reserve (Mediterranean Sea). Raman and FT-IR analyses identified 12 synthetic polymers, three elastomers, one rubber, one petroleum derivative, and one semisynthetic particle. Additionally, cotton and dyed cellulose were also identified. Overall, our findings reveal a broader spectrum and higher level of complexity of APs than previously reported in sea cucumbers from marine environments, with 18 types identified in H. sanctori and 17 in H. tubulosa. Neoprene and cotton were the most frequently detected APs. The results underscore the suitability of the studied invertebrates as sentinel species for assessing plastic contamination in transitional environments.

A boronate affinity-enhanced and PEGylated cell-imprinted platform for efficient capture of circulating colorectal cancer cells.

Dilated memory in hierarchical reinforcement learning for long-horizontal task.

Genomic instability may result from a shift in the double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway from homologous recombination (HR) to error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Normal BRCA1 expression is essential for high-fidelity HR, and its deficiency may promote error-prone NHEJ. Similarly, a low NADH/NAD+ ratio promotes low-fidelity HR, whereas a high NADH/NAD+ ratio promotes NHEJ. Further, although p53 inhibits HR, it is required for the high fidelity of this process. Furthermore, estrogen promotes NHEJ and nuclear export of p53, leading to low-fidelity HR or error-prone NHEJ. Thus, a shift in BRCA1 expression, NADH/NAD+ ratio, or a higher level of estrogen may cause genomic instability, which may initiate breast cancer. Furthermore, hypoxia may shift DSB repair from HR to NHEJ by repressing BRCA1 through dimeric CtBP, which forms under an elevated NADH/NAD+ ratio caused by hypoxia. Genomic instability caused by this shift in the DSB repair mechanism under hypoxia promotes EMT-induced breast cancer metastasis. This review discusses the roles of CtBP, BRCA1, estrogen, and metabolic shift linked to an altered NADH/NAD+ ratio in the initiation of breast cancer and EMT-mediated metastasis.

The SystemC language, with its higher level of abstraction, plays a critical role in facilitating hardware/software co-design and architecture exploration. However, as most hardware models are predominantly written in Verilog and translating between SystemC and Verilog remains a challenge, an efficient and reliable tool for translating between these two languages is essential to streamline system development. This article proposes SCAV, a bidirectional translator between SystemC and Verilog, which breaks these limitations. SCAV provides a fully automated solution for translating both SystemC to Verilog and Verilog to SystemC, leveraging a translation framework with front-end/back-end separation. Additionally, SCAV incorporates an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) filter, optimizing the translation process by filtering out invalid content. The experimental results demonstrate that SCAV achieves a 100% adaptation rate for Verilog and a 98% adaptation rate for SystemC, with 100% accuracy in both directions. Furthermore, SCAV outperforms existing tools, delivering a minimum speedup of 18% across various test cases.

Abstract The burden of HIV/AIDS in India is high, yet there is a dearth of scales measuring HIV/AIDS stigma that have been validated in an Indian health care population. Thus, this study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Health Care Provider HIV/AIDS Stigma Scale (HPASS) among Indian medical students. Data were collected from post-graduate (PG) medical students at a South Indian tertiary hospital via a structured online survey (March 2023-May 2024) including HPASS items and sociodemographics. The psychometric properties of HPASS were assessed using the principles of Item Response Theory. Respondents had a mean age of 25.9 years (SD = 2.5); 52% were female. Stereotyping and Discrimination subscales had satisfactory fit statistics, but two items of the Discrimination subscale did not fit the unidimensional construct and were therefore excluded. The 6-point rating scale performed poorly across subscales. The Stereotyping measure ranged from − 1.2 to 0.8 logits, Prejudice ranged from − 3 to 3 logits, Discrimination ranged from − 4 to 1.5 logits, indicating that Stereotyping subscale exhibited a reasonable spread in terms of the person and item distributions overlapping while the items in the two other subscales of Discrimination and Prejudice showed bias towards measuring higher level of Discrimination or Prejudice. Person separation index and person separation reliability were satisfactory for all the subscales. Stereotyping and Discrimination subscale had satisfactory construct validity, but Prejudice subscales and rating scales require further updates. This study is an important step in the direction of assessing HIV stigma in Indian medical students.

This paper examines the effect of carbon nanofiber (CNF) reinforcement on the surface finish and dimensional accuracy of the polylactic acid (PLA) composite produced using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). Twin-screw compounding was used to prepare PLA-CNF composite filaments with 0-3 wt.% CNF with extrusion of filaments (L/D ratio 30:1, 120 rpm). To prepare rectangular specimens (10 x 10 x 20 mm), the filaments were printed with the nozzle size of 0.4 mm, the layer thickness of 0.1 mm, the infill density of 100 percent, and the print speed of 5 mm/s. Dimensional accuracy was assessed by a digital vernier caliper with a resolution of ±0.01 mm, and surface roughness (Ra) was measured by a digital surface tester that was stylus-based. Every measurement was averaged three times, and the statistical examination of percent deviation and variance analysis of compositions was done. Findings show that CNF addition was important with respect to the dimensional stability and surface finish. The volume variation of the print decreased to 0.20% of PLA/3 wt.CNF compared to 0.30% of neat PLA, which is a 33 percent smaller variation of the dimensional accuracy. The surface roughness also reduced as 0.70 μm of neat PLA was reduced to 0.42 μm of PLA/3 wt.% CNF, which is a 40% decrease. It was statistically tested that trends of consistent improvement were observed between compositions. The findings indicate that CNF reinforcement result in a higher level of geometric accuracy and less surface morphology in FDM-printed polymer composites.

The growing number of survivors of cancer in China has created an increasing need for survivorship care as many survivors face ongoing physical, psychological, and social challenges after treatment. Mobile health (mHealth) services, which are delivered through mobile devices and apps, have emerged as potential tools to support self-management, facilitate access to care, and improve quality of life. However, evidence on the prevalence, use patterns, and determinants of mHealth adoption among Chinese survivors of cancer remains limited. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and patterns of mHealth use among adult survivors of cancer in China and identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with adoption. We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional survey study between February 13, 2024, and September 21, 2024, at 4 tertiary cancer care centers in China. Adult survivors of cancer were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were collected through structured face-to-face questionnaires assessing sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, mHealth use, perceived needs, concerns, and user experience. Missing data were limited and handled using complete-case analysis after the Little test supported consistency with missing completely at random. Descriptive analyses summarized participant characteristics and mHealth-related variables. Group differences were examined using chi-square tests and 2-tailed independent-sample t tests. Significant variables in univariate analyses were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Of 1152 participants, 364 (31.6%) reported prior mHealth use. Use was concentrated in practical functions, particularly appointment booking (301/364, 82.7%), online consultation (244/364, 67%), and viewing examination or laboratory reports (215/364, 59.1%), with WeChat-based platforms being the most commonly used access channel (244/364, 67%). Participants reported high demand for clinical guidance (917/1152, 79.6%) and direct communication with health care professionals (901/1152, 78.2%), whereas common concerns included leakage of private information (694/1152, 60.2%) and inaccurate illness judgment (633/1152, 54.9%). In multivariable analysis, mHealth use was significantly associated with younger age, higher educational level, annual household income of at least ¥100,000 (US $14,527.90), widowed or divorced marital status, living alone, and treatment dissatisfaction; cancer type and time since diagnosis were not significant predictors. mHealth use among adult survivors of cancer in China is established but uneven, with use concentrated in practical service functions rather than comprehensive survivorship support. Uptake was significantly associated with age, socioeconomic position, social circumstances, and treatment experience but not with clinical characteristics. Survivors reported a strong demand for clinically relevant and communication-oriented functions but also expressed substantial concerns about privacy, accuracy, reimbursement, and physician authenticity. Future survivorship mHealth services should prioritize clinical relevance, trust, integration with formal care, and equitable implementation to achieve broader and more meaningful use.

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common condition that can be effectively treated if detected early. DDH screening remains institution-based with no clear guidelines at the national level in many countries, including Jordan and most of the MENA region. The aim of the study was to assess Jordanian pediatricians' DDH screening knowledge and skills, identify associated factors, and explore readiness for a national screening approach. A nationwide, cross-sectional, STROBE-compliant survey was administered (Aug-Sep 2025) to 255 Pediatricians. A 19-item questionnaire assessed aspects such as risk factors, age of screening, incidence in Jordan, physical signs, confidence in performing the Barlow and Ortolani manoeuvres, and management approaches, along with their 'composite knowledge score' score. CKS was graded using Bloom's cut-offs (high ≥80%, moderate 60%-79%, low <60%). Factors associated with higher CKS were examined with the Welch two-sample t-test, ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests. Only 9% achieved high CKS scores, 49.4% moderate, and 41.6% low. DDH screening was routinely performed by 69.4% of participants, and 70.6% had access to hip ultrasound at their workplace. The mean overall CKS was 61.6±14.6 and the mean CKS scores were 63.3±14.25 for specialists and 57.7±14.78 for residents; Participants with more experience, higher infant exposure, and greater confidence in performing the Barlow and Ortolani manoeuvres achieved higher scores. Our study revealed that pediatricians in Jordan generally lack adequate knowledge and skills in DDH screening, a gap consistent across location, sector, and experience level. Higher level of experience, greater exposure to infants and higher confidence in performing Barlow and Ortolani manoeuvres were associated with better proficiency. A national training programme coupled with national guidelines is needed to promote early detection and reduce late-presenting cases.

The contamination of aquatic ecosystems by textile microfibers is a growing concern. Because bivalves continuously filter large volumes of water, they are particularly vulnerable to microfiber exposure, making them important indicators of emerging pollutants. The ingestion of microfibers by marine organisms can lead to bioaccumulation and biomagnification across the food chain, putting higher trophic levels at risk. This study evaluated the sublethal effects of three textile microfiber types and a mixed-fiber treatment (conventional cotton, polyester, their mixture and, organic cotton) at two exposure concentrations, a wastewater-impacted hotspot concentration (0.11 mg. L-1) and a higher level (1.00 mg. L-1), on the gills, and digestive gland, of Crassostrea gasar across 7, 14, and 21 days. Responses were assessed using biomarkers of biotransformation, antioxidant defenses, oxidative damage, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and survival rate. Exposure to microfibers induced multi-system toxicity with organ-specific response patterns. Reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity increased in the gills but decreased in the digestive gland, whereas lipid peroxidation and DNA damage occurred in both organs. In addition, survival decreased significantly in oysters exposed to conventional cotton and mixed fibers at both concentrations (Log-rank test: cotton, P = 0.0302; mix, P = 0.0247). Among the evaluated microfiber types, organic cotton elicited the most pronounced integrated sublethal responses, as shown by notable biochemical and cellular disturbances. However, conventional cotton and mixed fibers had a more significant impact on survival, indicating that the microfiber hazard varies depending on the biological endpoint considered. These findings demonstrate that both natural and synthetic textile microfibers impair C. gasar's redox and cellular homeostasis, leading to oxidative damage and reduced survival, underscoring their ecological relevance as emerging contaminants, and the magnitude and dynamics of this toxicity depend on fiber type and exposure duration.

Hydroxide coprecipitation in nitric acid was used to synthesize U0.86Pu0.14O2±x solid solutions for the fabrication of model mixed nuclear fuels, one of the main objectives of this study being to evaluate the cationic homogeneity. Three precipitation methods were compared: simultaneous precipitation of U(IV) and Pu(IV), simultaneous precipitation of U(IV) and Pu(III), and precipitation of a premixed solution containing U(IV)-Pu(III). In order to obtain dense pellets, oxide precipitates were calcined and sintered at 1700 °C under Ar-4.3 vol H2 %. Despite an apparent similarity on a macroscopic scale, the pellets produced by the different methods reveal distinct microstructures, indicating differences in the sintering capability of the powders. These differences in microstructure and density have a low impact on the cationic homogeneity of the pellets after sintering. Regardless of the precipitation method used, the distribution of U and Pu elements remains uniform, with a higher level of homogeneity than that measured on MOX fuel obtained by other wet or dry chemistry routes. Finally, the most efficient coprecipitation route was applied to mixed oxides with 11 and 17 mol % Pu, in a range typical of PWR and FNR fuels, revealing a clear influence of Pu content on the physicochemical and sintering behavior of the powders.