Higher Emotional Support Research Articles

When bigger looks better: CLASS results in public Montessori preschool classrooms

The CLASS-PreK instrument is widely used to evaluate early childhood classrooms, but how classrooms using Montessori, the world's most common alternative education system, fare on CLASS is understudied. Because CLASS focuses largely on teacher-child interactions as the situs of learning, but in Montessori theory, child-environment interactions are considered more primary, Montessori classrooms may score systematically lower than conventional classrooms on CLASS. CLASS also collects format, content, and demographic information that could illuminate how Montessori classrooms compare to other classrooms. Here we used data from the first national study of public Montessori preschool to examine CLASS data in Montessori preschool classrooms as compared to a lottery-control-selected set of business-as-usual ones. Montessori classrooms (n = 54) had 50% more children on average, and significantly higher child:adult ratios (roughly 9 vs. 6) than a set of intentionally stratified control classrooms (n = 19 of 128), and CLASS scores did not differ across classroom types. Children in Montessori classrooms were observed in whole group activities during fewer cycles and in freely chosen activities during more cycles; also children were observed engaging with math content during more cycles in Montessori than in control classrooms. Counterintuitively, but consistent with Montessori theory, Montessori classrooms with larger class sizes (up to 26) had higher Emotional Support and Classroom Organization domain scores, and those with higher child:adult ratios (up to 13:1) trended towards higher Instructional Support domain scores.

Disclosing Personal Health Information to Emotional Human Doctors or Unemotional AI Doctors? Experimental Evidence Based on Privacy Calculus Theory

The commercialization of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is accelerating, yet academic research on its users remains scarce. To what extent are they willing to disclose personal health privacy to AI doctors compared to traditional human doctors? What factors are shaping these decisions? The lack of user research has left these questions unanswered. This article, based on privacy calculus theory, conducted a multi-factorial between-subjects online experiment (N = 582) with a 2 (medical provider: AI vs. human) × 2 (emotional support: low vs. high) × 2 (information sensitivity: low vs. high) design. The results indicated that AI doctors lead participants to perceive both lower health benefits and privacy risks. Emotional support is not always beneficial. On one hand, high emotional support can provide patients with more health benefits, but on the other hand, it also poses higher levels of privacy risks. Additionally, high emotional support responses from AI doctors could enhance patients’ health benefits, trust, and willingness to disclose health privacy, while the opposite was observed for human doctors.

Parent emotional support alters the association between parent-child interbrain synchrony and interaction quality.

Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning methodology, this study investigated whether parent emotional support moderated the relation between parent-child interbrain synchrony and interaction quality (via behavioral observation and child-report), controlling for individual emotional distress. Eighty-eight parent-child dyads (96.6% Han ethnicity), including a school-age child between the ages of 6 and 11 (Mage = 8.07 years, SD = 1.16 years; 58.0% boys) and their parent (Mage = 39.03 years, SD = 3.54 years; 69.3% mothers), participated in a cooperative task during which brain activity was assessed. Cluster-based permutations indicated parent-child interbrain synchrony in the left and right temporoparietal junction (TPJ). Interbrain synchrony in the left TPJ positively related to parent-child interaction quality in the context of high parent emotional support, whereas the association was weaker and negative when parents demonstrated low emotional support. Findings suggest the emotional context of an interaction is critical when assessing interbrain synchrony.

Social support and the association between post-traumatic stress disorder and risk for long-term prescription opioid use.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in patients with chronic pain, adversely affects chronic pain outcomes, and is associated with opioid use and adverse opioid outcomes. Social support is a robust predictor of PTSD incidence and course as well as chronic pain outcome. We determined whether the association between PTSD and persistent opioid use was modified by emotional support in a cohort of patients receiving opioids for noncancer pain. Eligible participants were ≥18 years and had completed a new period of prescription opioid use lasting 30 to 90 days. Bivariate associations between cohort characteristics and each key variable was assessed using χ 2 tests for categorical variables and t -tests for continuous variables. Interaction between PTSD and emotional support was assessed by a priori stratification on low vs high emotional support. Participants (n = 808) were 53.6 (SD ± 11.6) years of age, 69.8% female, 69.6% White, and 26.4% African American. Overall, 17.2% had probable PTSD. High emotional support was significantly ( P < 0.0001) more common among those without probable PTSD. Prescription opioid use at 6-month follow-up was significantly ( P = 0.0368) more common among patients with vs without probable PTSD. In fully adjusted models, PTSD was no longer associated with opioid use at 6-month follow-up among participants with high emotional support. Among those with lower emotional support, PTSD was significantly associated with opioid use at 6-month follow-up in unadjusted (odds ratio = 2.40; 95% confidence interval: 1.24-4.64) and adjusted models (odds ratio = 2.39; 95% confidence interval: 1.14-4.99). Results point to the hypothesis that improvement of emotional support in vulnerable patients with chronic pain and PTSD may help reduce sustained opioid use.

Relationship functioning moderates the link between history of childhood maltreatment and depression during pregnancy.

Prenatal depression is a significant health issue associated with increased risk for poor mental and physical health outcomes among for both parents and their children. Having a history of childhood maltreatment is associated with increased risk for prenatal depression. Although research suggests that romantic relationship functioning likely plays a role in the links between childhood maltreatment and prenatal depression, it remains to be tested which aspects of relationship functioning modulate these associations. Using an actor-partner interdependence model framework (Kenny et al., 2006), the present study examined how specific aspects of romantic relationship functioning-relationship commitment, perceived partner support, constructive communication, and destructive conflict-moderated the links between mothers' and fathers' childhood maltreatment and depression during pregnancy. Participants included a subset of 1,135 low-income heterosexual couples (2,270 individuals) who enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a relationship education program during pregnancy. Baseline, pretreatment data were used. Results indicated significant actor and partner effects of childhood maltreatment on prenatal depression. Further, these effects were moderated by specific indices of relationship functioning, such that the effect of one's own maltreatment on their prenatal depression was mitigated by high emotional support from partner and high constructive communication and was exacerbated by destructive conflict. Findings demonstrate that high relationship functioning can act as a protective factor, and low relationship functioning as a risk factor, in the link between one's own childhood maltreatment and their prenatal depression among both mothers and fathers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Communal coping and glycemic control: Daily patterns among young adult couples with type 1 diabetes.

Young adulthood is a time when persons with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) become more fully responsible for diabetes management. Establishing healthy diabetes routines during this period is foundational for successful management across adulthood. Although partner support is generally considered helpful in T1D management, less is known about specific partner behaviors that could benefit glucose levels. The aim of this study was to explore associations between communal coping behaviors and T1D glucose management. During 2018-2020, 23 young married opposite-sex couples (Mage = 25.7 years), wherein one spouse had T1D, completed daily measures of communal coping for 9 consecutive days. Daily average glucose and time-in-range were computed from the person with T1D's glucose meter or continuous glucose monitor. Multilevel model results suggested that higher time-in-range on a given day was predicted by reports of lower daily spousal instrumental support, lower overprotective and controlling behaviors, and by higher emotional support. Controlling spousal behavior on one day was associated with higher time-in-range the next day. At the same time, patient reports of higher average spousal controlling behavior (across all days) were associated with lower time-in-range and higher average glucose. Average glucose was also predicted by communal coping behaviors (especially within-person higher instrumental support), yet results were less robust after covariates were considered. Some young romantic partners may engage in behaviors that are associated with higher average blood glucose and lower time-in-range for the person with T1D. Persons with T1D could communicate to their partners types of support that are helpful versus not. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Examining the Attributional Links Between Message Quality and Outcomes of Emotional Support Received on Facebook

ABSTRACT Facebook users can receive high quality emotional support in response to their posts, but not all emotional support is of the same quality nor does it all benefit support receivers. Receivers’ perceptions of supportive messages influence the outcomes they experience. This study assessed support receivers’ attributions for the helpful support offered to them on Facebook to understand how their perceptions of the causes of that support may explain why some messages produce more beneficial outcomes than others. Participants (N = 147), who comprised predominantly white, female Facebook users in the United States, identified the most helpful comment on a recent support-seeking post on Facebook, rated the extent to which they made three types of attributions (dispositional, interpersonal, and medium) for the comment, and rated their corresponding emotional improvement. Raters coded the level of verbal person-centeredness (VPC) of each comment. Supportive messages with higher levels of VPC corresponded with more dispositional attributions and fewer medium attributions. Dispositional attributions also explained why the level of VPC of the most helpful comments was positively associated with emotional improvement.

Uloga socijalne podrške u relaciji između različitih strategija prevladavanja gubitka i emocionalnog distresa kod tugujućih starih osoba

The aim of this study is to explore does social support (emotional and instrumental) has a moderating effect on the relation between coping strategies (the loss-oriented and restoration-oriented) and emotional distress. In this research participated 64 respondents who experienced a death of a spouse in the last 40 days. They were uniformed in terms of gender, with their age ranging from 65 to 89. The moderators were measured on a one-item scale, while the predictors were measured with a 22item Inventory of Daily Widowed Life (IDWL; Caserta &amp; Lund, 2007). Emotional distress was measured with The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS21, Lovibond &amp; Lovibond, 1995). The results indicated the following. When the predictor variable was loss orientation, and the moderator was emotional and instrumental support, significant main and interactive effects on emotional distress were registered. Namely, in the conditions of low loss orientation, the elderly who had higher social support had lower emotional distress than the elderly who had lower social support. However, in the conditions of high loss orientation, individuals achieved equal scores on the emotional distress scale regardless of the level of social support. When the restoration orientation was the predictor, and emotional support was the moderator, both main and interactive effects were registered. Thus, in the conditions of low restoration orientation, the elderly with higher emotional support had a lower score on the emotional distress scale than those with lower support. In the conditions of restoration orientation, regardless of the level of emotional support, the elderly achieved approximately the same values on the scale of emotional distress.

To vent or not to vent? The impact of venting on psychological symptoms varies by levels of social support

The current study examined the interaction between venting (as a form of emotional coping) and perceived emotional social support in predicting internalising psychological symptoms (anxiety, depression and somatic symptoms) over time in international students. A short-term longitudinal survey design was employed with three months between two measurement points. Participants were 130 international students from a university in New Zealand. The questionnaire included questions on venting, perceived emotional social support and internalising symptoms. The longitudinal impacts of venting and its interaction with emotional support on internalising symptoms were evaluated using structural equation modelling. Perceived emotional social support significantly moderated the effect of venting on internalising symptoms over time. Specifically, venting was associated with decreased internalising symptoms when students reported low levels of perceived emotional social support. However, venting was associated with increased symptoms when they reported very high levels of perceived support. In the presence of moderate to high emotional support, venting was not associated with changes in internalising symptoms over time, indicating that venting has no significant psychological consequences for international students with moderate to high perceived support. Venting can be an adaptive coping response for those with low perceived support, but it can be harmful in the presence of very high perceived support.

Predictors of Students’ Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Impact of Coping Strategies, Sense of Coherence, and Social Support

Young people and women seem to suffer more from social restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic than do others. Findings from pre-pandemic surveys identified students as a specific risk group for developing anxiety and depressive symptoms. Recent studies have indicated that students especially denoted a decrease in mental health during the pandemic. In a sample of n = 1938 university students (67.6% female), we investigated protective factors that are associated with mental health (defined as the absence of any mental disorder) and more specifically, the absence of major depression during the pandemic despite social restrictions. Investigated protective factors were social support, sense of coherence and situational coping strategies. The results of the multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that male gender, high sense of coherence and specific coping strategies could be identified to be associated with mental health in general and the absence of major depression. Protective coping strategies that were related to mental health in general were lower substance use, lower behavioral disengagement, higher positive reframing and lower self-blame. Protective coping strategies that were associated with the absence of major depression specifically were higher use of instrumental support, lower substance use, lower behavioral disengagement, higher positive reframing, higher emotional support, lower self-blame and lower humor. Social support was related to the absence of major depression, but not to mental health in general. Higher age in university students was associated with better mental health, but not with the absence of major depression specifically. These findings indicate that sense of coherence and situational coping strategies can buffer the adverse effect of social restrictions on mental health and thus, can serve as important resilience factors. Moreover, they highlight the political relevance of promoting specific coping strategies to foster mental health in students encompassing adverse events and social restrictions.

The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine27th Annual International MeetingBaltimore, MarylandSeptember 15–18, 2022

The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine27^th Annual International MeetingBaltimore, MarylandSeptember 15–18, 2022

The impact of patient-centered care on health outcomes in adolescents living with diabetes

There is increasing evidence from research studies that suggest patient-centered care has a relationship with good clinical outcomes. In Singapore, there are no studies done to assess and address the issue of patient-centered care and its association with the adolescent’s ability to manage their chronic medical condition, such as Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. The relationship between the patient and clinicians has changed from a paternalistic form to a position which aims to foster patient-centered care. More importantly, this study aims to show the adolescent’s readiness and ability to assume a more mature role in management of their own medical condition. Data collection involved 85 adolescents with diabetes who were surveyed during their follow-up outpatient clinic visit at KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital (KKH) Diabetes Transition Clinic. The study offers important clinical and nursing implications as well as policy contributions. Improved patient–provider communication as well as high quality discharge, care transition and emotional support from providers fostered by patient-centered care are likely to contribute to better patient reported psychosocial health outcomes. These findings imply that public healthcare leaders have to place emphasis in the patient and their families’ experience equivalent to those in patient safety, clinical quality, and hospital finance.

Hubungan Dukungan Emosional Orang Tua Terhadap Prestasi Akademik Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Ciputra

Emotional support is one of the social supports given by parents to children, in various ways, one of which is education. Emotional support for medical students is needed in undergoing learning in lectures. The aim of this study is to perceive the relationship of parental emotional support and academic achievement of students at the Faculty of Medicine, Ciputra University. The method used was cross sectional analytic. The sampling was done using census techniques or total sampling on 42 students of the Faculty of Medicine, Ciputra University batch 2018. The results showed that 29 respondents (69%) received high emotional support from their parents and 18 respondents (42.9%) have good academic achievement. Based on the Spearman rank test, the correlation coefficient was 0.117 and the significance value was 0.461. Based on the research that has been done, it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between the relationship of parental emotional support to the academic achievement of students at the Faculty of Medicine, Ciputra University.

Differential associations between extracurricular participation and Chinese children's academic readiness: Preschool teacher–child interactions as a moderator

Participation in organized extracurricular activities (EAs) is becoming increasingly prevalent among young children in China and worldwide. As an important microsystem of child development, EA involvement is likely to interact with other microsystems in relation to child outcomes. The current study focused on the interaction between EA participation and the quality of preschool education, specifically the quality of teacher–child interactions, in relation to children's academic readiness. This study included 443 Chinese preschoolers (Mage = 5.08 years) from 49 preschool classrooms. Parents reported children's EA participation. Preschool teacher–child interactions were assessed using the Classroom Assessment Scoring System. Children's academic readiness was measured using one-on-one tasks. The results showed that although EA participation was not related to child academic readiness, the quality of preschool teacher–child interactions (i.e., emotional support and instructional support) moderated the association between EA participation and children's academic readiness (the slope variance reduction was between 12.7% and 17.5%). Specifically, the significant associations found suggest that EA participation could have a small compensatory effect on academic readiness for children experiencing very low emotional support in preschool; however, EA participation had a small negative association with academic readiness when children were already exposed to high emotional or instructional support in preschool. The findings highlight that EA involvement may not always produce beneficial outcomes in young children and that exposing children to high-quality classroom interactions in preschool is a key to fostering positive development.

THE DESCRIPTION OF FAMILY SUPPORT IN TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENS : LITERATURE RIVIEW

Diabetes Mellitus is the seventh leading cause of death in the world where the incidence of type 2 DM is 95% of the world's population. The DM incidence rate in Indonesia is 8.5% while the incidence rate in West Java is 4.2%. Efforts to prevent complications that occur by controlling the therapeutic and regular through lifestyle changes in DM patients, in this case family support is needed. This study aims to determine family support for patients with type 2 diabetes. This type of research is a descriptive study that provides an overview of the variables to be studied. The design used is a systematic literature review or often abbreviated as SLR in Indonesian called a systematic literature review. The data presented are secondary data. The results of tracing 3 journals found that the 1 st researcher mentioned family support (67.9%) with a low category with the easiest form of support that is related to emotional support and the most difficult support given that is related to information support, the 2 nd researcher (62.2%) high category, where (60.4%) high emotional support, (52.3%) high appreciation support, (55.9%) high instrumental support, and (58.6%) informational support high, the third researcher mentioned (53.3%) the high category. The results of this study are recommended for health workers to be able to provide health education about the disease from diabetes mellitus, its management, and prevention. This health education can be done by providing knowledge at the time of the visit to the health center both to patients and families, so we get the same perception between patients and families about type II diabetes mellitus.

The Association Between Toddlers' Temperament and Well-Being in Norwegian Early Childhood Education and Care, and the Moderating Effect of Center-Based Daycare Process Quality.

Children who experience well-being are engaging more confidently and positively with their caregiver(s) and peers, which helps them to profit more from available learning opportunities and support current and later life outcomes. The goodness-of-fit theory suggests that children’s well-being might be a result of the interplay between their temperament and the environment. However, there is a lack of studies that examined the association between children’s temperament and well-being in early childhood education and care (ECEC), and whether this association is affected by ECEC process quality. Using a multilevel random coefficient approach, this study examines the association between toddlers’ (N = 1,561) temperament (shyness, emotionality, sociability, and activity) and well-being in Norwegian ECEC and investigates whether process quality moderates this association. Results reveal an association between temperament and well-being. Staff-child conflict moderates the association between shyness and well-being, and between activity and well-being. Moreover, high emotional behavioral support moderates the association between activity and well-being. Extra attention should be paid by the staff to these children’s needs.

Sex differences in psychosocial resources among people with chronic pain and with pain more seldom

Abstract Background Despite the importance of psychosocial resources such as self-efficacy and social support for pain coping, sex differences in populations with and without chronic pain, and the impact of psychosocial resources on pain prospectively is sparsely examined. Methods Data from the Health Assets Project, a longitudinal cohort study with two data collections (2008 and 2009) in Sweden was used. We analyzed self-efficacy, emotional and instrumental social support among 1155 people with chronic pain and 2855 people with pain more seldom, including sex differences and the interaction between pain and sex. Among people with chronic pain we examined prospective associations between self-efficacy and social support in 2008 and pain in 2009. All regression models were analyzed unadjusted and adjusted for age, education and place of birth. Results People with chronic pain had lower psychosocial resources than people with pain more seldom (p&amp;lt;.001). People with pain more seldom showed sex differences for all psychosocial resources (p&amp;lt;.001), people with chronic pain did not show sex differences for instrumental social support. In addition, the interaction between sex and pain was significant for instrumental social support (p=.006, p=.005). Men with pain more seldom had the highest prevalence of low instrumental social support. High compared to low instrumental social support in 2008 was associated with lower odds of chronic pain in 2009, especially for women (OR = 2.2, 95%CI=1.19-4.28). The association between pain 2009 and the interaction between sex and high emotional social support was significant (p=.040). Women with high compared to low emotional support 2008 had 55% higher chance to have pain more seldom 2009, men had a 28% lower chance. Conclusions People with chronic pain showed less sex differences in psychosocial resources, compared to people with pain more seldom. In addition, for women, social support was associated with lower pain frequency during one-year follow-up. Key messages Men and women with chronic pain reported more alike on psychosocial resources than men and women with pain more seldom. For women only, both high instrumental and high emotional social support were associated with lower pain frequency during one-year follow-up.

Positive mental health framework of transdiagnostic protective factors in elucidating the association between adverse childhood experiences and severe mental disorders.

Objectives:Transdiagnostic risk factors—disrupted processes common to psychopathology—link adverse childhood experiences to severe mental disorders (i.e. major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders); however, transdiagnostic protective factors are understudied. The present study investigated the association between a positive mental health framework of protective intra- and interpersonal resources and severe mental disorders in individuals with adverse childhood experiences. We hypothesized that (1) individuals with adverse childhood experiences will experience more severe mental disorders and poorer intra- and interpersonal resources than those without adverse childhood experiences; (2) intrapersonal (e.g. general coping) and interpersonal resources (e.g. emotional support) will interact to predict severe mental disorders.Methods:A total of 1929 adults participated in this population-based study. Participants were assessed for adverse childhood experiences, severe mental disorders, and intra- and interpersonal resources (general coping, general affect, emotional support, interpersonal skills, spirituality, and personal growth and autonomy) via structured interviews and self-reports.Results:As hypothesized, individuals with adverse childhood experiences (62.6%) experienced more severe mental disorders and poorer intra- and interpersonal resources than those without adverse childhood experiences. Among those with adverse childhood experiences, emotional support interacted with general coping and general affect to predict severe mental disorders; general coping and general affect were negatively associated with severe mental disorders at high (+1 SD) and low (−1 SD) emotional support, respectively.Conclusions:The present study identified interactions between specific intrapersonal (i.e. general coping and general affect) and interpersonal resources (i.e. emotional support); knowing among whom and when to intervene are essential for optimal treatment of adverse childhood experiences and severe mental disorders.

A Cross-Cultural Study on Coping Strategies of Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Adolescence is a very complex phase during which understanding how they cope up is essential for psychological wellbeing. And it becomes challenging if they have an ASD sibling. Hence it is essential to understand from their perspective. Moreover, knowing the nature of their coping could allow clinicians to provide better support to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families. Objectives: This study aims to compare adolescent living with ASD siblings from Male and India on their different coping strategies. Methods: The participant’s age was (10-19) living with a sibling diagnosed with autism. The sample included a total of (N=60) from both Male’ and India. To accomplish the objectives of the present research work, under the ex-post facto research design, a cross-cultural study has been conducted. Results: Participants from Male’ scored higher on distraction and wishful thinking as compared to participants from India; showing that siblings with ASD children use distraction and wishful thinking most frequently as a coping strategy. Whereas, participants from India indicated significantly high emotional regulation and social support compared to Male ‘participants. The current study indicated despite the cultural differences among the two samples (Male’& India), there is a need for siblings of children with ASD to be included in psychosocial interventions along with primary caregivers for better coping and prevent internalizing behaviors.

A mixed-methods study of resilience and return to school among adolescent mothers in South Africa

ABSTRACT Up to two-thirds of South African adolescent mothers drop out of school, which increases their HIV risk and other poor health outcomes. Despite variability in adolescent mothers’ schooling trajectories, we have a limited understanding of their re-enrollment in school following the life-changing circumstance of childbirth. In this paper, we draw on qualitative interviews (n = 16) and quantitative surveys (n = 109) with adolescent mothers (aged 14–19) who had recently given birth to describe how access to individual and social resources contributes to their resilience following childbirth and thus affects their ability to re-enroll in school. Nearly all the adolescent mothers in our study expressed a desire to return to school, and most of their families also emotionally supported adolescent mothers in these goals. Despite mothers’ high hopes and familial emotional support, only half of the adolescent mothers re-enrolled in the first six months following childbirth. Adolescent mothers’ re-entry trajectories were strongly affected by institutional support and by family members’ provision of instrumental support. To a lesser extent, support from partners and peers also played a role in re-enrollment. Multilevel interventions to maximise resilience following the onset of early motherhood may facilitate return to school and positively influence adolescent mothers’ health and well-being.