Higher Between Body Mass Index Research Articles

1236-P: Association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity (BAPWV) in Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in Chinese woman with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: We identified 1148 diabetes patients between 1 November 2017 and 1 November 2019 from Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital. 407 women over were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. BaPWV was assessed as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. According to baPWV values, arteriosclerosis (AS) was set as 3 degrees: mild AS (baPWV ≥ 1400 cm/s), moderate AS (baPWV ≥ 1700 cm/s) and severe AS (baPWV ≥ 2000 cm/s). The multivariate linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between BMI and baPWV. Results: Compared with the mild AS group, BMI was significantly lower in the moderate AS and severe AS groups (25.63±4.15 kg/m2 vs. 24.59±4.12 kg/m2 p=0.030; 25.63±4.15 kg/m2 vs. 24.49±3.60 kg/m2 p=0.025) There were no statistical difference between the moderate AS and the severe AS groups (p=0.838). BMI was significantly negatively associated with baPWV (r=-0.118, P=0.018). The associations were still significant after age and blood pressure adjustment (r=-0.160, P=0.001). Using multiple linear regression, BMI was negatively associated with baPWV (β=-0.152, P=0.001). Conclusion: Arterial stiffness, as measured by baPWV, is lower in overweight and obesity Chinese woman with type 2 diabetes. High BMI was found to be a protective factor for AS. These findings may contribute to the explanation of the “obesity paradox” in T2DM. Disclosure Y. Chen: None. B. Ma: None. S. Qu: None. X. Wang: None. D. Wei: None. Funding Cheng du Committee of Health, China (20PJ201)

"Obesity Paradox" in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Among Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Study.

BackgroundThe “obesity paradox” exists in many diseases. It is unclear whether it also exists in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The purpose of our study was to clarify the relationship between obesity and the development of and hospital mortality from ARDS among patients who underwent cardiac surgery.Material/MethodsThis retrospective case-control study included 202 patients with ARDS and 808 matching patients without ARDS. We clarified the relationship between obesity and the development of ARDS after adjusting for confounding factors by multiple logistic regression analysis. A total of 202 ARDS patients were divided into survival and mortality groups. After all confounding factors were adjusted by multiple logistic regression analysis, we demonstrated the relationship between obesity and mortality from ARDS.ResultsWe found a significant association between body mass index (BMI) and the development of ARDS; the cutoff point of BMI was 24.78 kg/m2 by adjusting for confounding factors for the development of ARDS. When the BMI was lower than 24.78 kg/m2, the higher BMI was a protective factor (odds ratio [OR] 0.68, P=0.000, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55–0.84). When the BMI was higher than 24.78 kg/m2, the higher BMI was a risk factor (OR 1.07, P=0.050, 95% CI 1.00–1.14). However, obesity was found to be associated with decreased ARDS mortality by adjusting for confounding factors (OR 0.91, P=0.039, 95% CI 0.83–1.00).ConclusionsAn “obesity paradox” may exist in ARDS among patients with obesity who undergo cardiac surgery.

Body mass index and dental caries in New Zealand pre-school children: A population-based study.

Pre-school dental caries is a significant public health problem and may be associated with the growth and nutritional status of children. This study aimed to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and early childhood caries (ECC) among pre-school children. This population-based retrospective study involves all 5-year-old children who resided in northern New Zealand and received school entry dental examinations between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2015. ECC status was determined with the decayed missing filled teeth (dmft) score obtained from a routinely collected regional dental data set. Objectively measured BMI information was obtained from the 'Before School Check' (B4SC) Programme. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and the occurrence of ECC (dmft score ≥ 1). Ethnic subgroup analyses were also conducted. Of the 27 333 children involved in this analysis, 11 173 (40.9%) had ECC with a mean dmft score of 1.85, and 3948 (14.4%) were overweight and 2964 (10.8%) were obese at school entry. The prevalence of ECC was higher in overweight and obese children but in subgroup analyses by ethnicity, this positive association was observed in European children only (adjusted odds ratio for overweight children compared to normal weight children: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.32 and adjusted odds ratio for obese children: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.45). ECC is highly prevalent in New Zealand children and associated with higher BMI in children of European ethnicity.

Higher body mass index associated with smaller frontal cortical volumes in older adult patients with bipolar disorder

Background and objectivesPatients with bipolar disorder (BD) tend to have accelerated decline in executive function during the aging. Thus far, only few studies have examined the effect of obesity on frontal cortical volumes in young patients with BD. Herein we aimed to ascertain the association between body mass index (BMI) and frontal cortical volumes in older adult patients with BD. MethodsWe recruited outpatients who were diagnosed as bipolar I disorder (BD-I) and aged over 50 years to undergo volumetric magnetic resonance imaging and anthropometric measurement. Clinical data were obtained through interview and chart review. ResultsA total of 42 patients (mean age, 59.5±7.9 years) with BD-I were recruited in this study. Compared with normal BMI group, overweight/obese patients (59.5%, n=25) had significantly smaller volumes of the bilateral prefrontal cortex and right orbitofrontal cortex. After adjusting cardiometabolic variables, higher BMI and age were significantly associated with smaller volumes of the left prefrontal cortex and bilateral orbitofrontal cortex, accounting for 29.8% (left prefrontal cortex), 33.1% (left orbitofrontal cortex), and 42.0% (right orbitofrontal cortex) of the variance. BMI alone was negatively associated with the volumes of the right prefrontal and right medial frontal cortexes, accounting for 25.7% and 14.7% of the variance, respectively. ConclusionsHigher BMI was associated with smaller cortical volumes across individual frontal regions in older patients with BD independent of cardiometabolic morbidity. Future research is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the association between BMI and frontal cortical volumes in older patients with BD.

Invited Commentary: Body Mass Index and Risk of Dementia-Potential Explanations for Life-Course Differences in Risk Estimates and Future Research Directions.

The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and health outcomes of older adults, including dementia, remains controversial. Many studies find inverse associations between BMI and dementia among older adults, while in other studies high BMI in midlife is associated with increased dementia risk. In this issue, Li et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2021;190(12):2503-2510) examine BMI from mid- to late life and risk of dementia using the extensive follow-up of the Framingham Offspring Study. They found changing trends in the association between BMI and dementia from a positive association for midlife (ages 40-49) to an inverse trend in late life. Their work demonstrates the importance of studying dementia risk factors across the life course. Midlife obesity might be an important modifiable risk factor for dementia. However, because incipient dementia can lead to weight loss, reverse causation remains a key source of bias that could explain an inverse trend between BMI and dementia in older ages. The extent of other biases, including unmeasured confounding, inaccuracy of BMI as a measure for adiposity, or selective survival, are also unclear. Triangulating evidence on body composition and dementia risk could lead to better targets for dementia intervention, but future work will need to evaluate specific pathways.

The role of inflammatory biomarkers as mediators in the association between body mass index and pain in persons with hand osteoarthritis: results from the nor-hand study

Purpose: The association between body mass index (BMI) and hand osteoarthritis (OA) is debated. We hypothesized that higher BMI is associated with a higher joint pain intensity in persons with hand OA. Since overweight/obesity is associated with a low-grade inflammatory state, we further hypothesized that inflammation may mediate the relation between BMI and joint pain. The aim of this study was to assess whether BMI is associated with joint pain intensity and central pain sensitization in persons with hand OA, and whether these potential associations might be mediated by inflammatory biomarkers using a causal mediation analysis.

Saudi Knowledge and Awareness of Drinking Tea as Natural Fighter Against COVID-19

Objective: Stressful period as COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine affect human health indirectly by weakening the immune system which lead to increase the risk of having viral infection. Tea in all its kind considered as a strong antioxidant that helps to enhance the immune system and body defense against COVID-19 infection. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of participants toward the benefits of drinking tea during COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: A cross-sectional study including 2368 participants who answered a structured survey. The survey had some information about basic demographic characteristics including age, education, gender, physical examination level, and place of residence. The second part of the survey will be measuring knowledge about drinking different kind of tea to booster immunity against COVID-19. Results: Both gender have participate in this study with a ratio of 2:1 female more than male both within the age group of 30–50 years and 76.4% have higher educational level, 78.2% married and majority 55.8% and 30.4% from central and western areas of Saudi, respectively. The majority 69% consider drinking tea is part of their daily habit and mostly 44.3% drinking black tea, with 15% increase of tea consumption during the quarantine and that consumption increased to more than five cups a day by 2.2%. Regarding the source of knowledge about immune boosting benefits of tea majority specified their source is self-developed, family tradition and media during the quarantine period. The association between body mass index (BMI) and drinking tea showed strong significance among normal overweight groups and statistical significance of increase consumption related to high BMI categories. Conclusion: Saudi traditional tea drinking habit and knowledge of health benefits of such a routine have helped them during the threatening time as COVID-19 pandemic and stressing time of quarantine.

Body Mass Index and Risk for COVID-19-Related Hospitalization, Intensive Care Unit Admission, Invasive Mechanical Ventilation, and Death - United States, March-December 2020.

Obesity* is a recognized risk factor for severe COVID-19 (1,2), possibly related to chronic inflammation that disrupts immune and thrombogenic responses to pathogens (3) as well as to impaired lung function from excess weight (4). Obesity is a common metabolic disease, affecting 42.4% of U.S. adults (5), and is a risk factor for other chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers.† The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices considers obesity to be a high-risk medical condition for COVID-19 vaccine prioritization (6). Using data from the Premier Healthcare Database Special COVID-19 Release (PHD-SR),§ CDC assessed the association between body mass index (BMI) and risk for severe COVID-19 outcomes (i.e., hospitalization, intensive care unit [ICU] or stepdown unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, and death). Among 148,494 adults who received a COVID-19 diagnosis during an emergency department (ED) or inpatient visit at 238 U.S. hospitals during March-December 2020, 28.3% had overweight and 50.8% had obesity. Overweight and obesity were risk factors for invasive mechanical ventilation, and obesity was a risk factor for hospitalization and death, particularly among adults aged <65 years. Risks for hospitalization, ICU admission, and death were lowest among patients with BMIs of 24.2 kg/m2, 25.9 kg/m2, and 23.7 kg/m2, respectively, and then increased sharply with higher BMIs. Risk for invasive mechanical ventilation increased over the full range of BMIs, from 15 kg/m2 to 60 kg/m2. As clinicians develop care plans for COVID-19 patients, they should consider the risk for severe outcomes in patients with higher BMIs, especially for those with severe obesity. These findings highlight the clinical and public health implications of higher BMIs, including the need for intensive COVID-19 illness management as obesity severity increases, promotion of COVID-19 prevention strategies including continued vaccine prioritization (6) and masking, and policies to ensure community access to nutrition and physical activities that promote and support a healthy BMI.

Inverse association of mortality and body mass index in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction of both ischemic and non-ischemic etiologies.

BackgroundObesity is a worldwide epidemic that has been associated with poor outcomes. Previous studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between body mass index (BMI) and outcomes, the 'obesity paradox', in several diseases.HypothesisWe sought to evaluate whether the obesity paradox is present in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) of all etiologies, using all‐cause mortality as the primary endpoint and hospitalization as the secondary endpoint.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of LVSD patients (n = 18 003) seen within the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center network between January 2011 and December 2017. Patients were divided into four BMI categories (underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese) and stratified by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF): <20%, 20–35%, and 35–50%.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 2.28 years, higher BMI (mean 28.9 ± 6.8) was associated with better survival for the overall cohort and within LVEF strata (p < .0001). The most common cause of hospitalization was subendocardial infarction among underweight and normal weight patients and heart failure among overweight and obese patients. Cox proportional hazards model showed that BMI, age, and comorbid conditions of diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and prior myocardial infarction are independent predictors of death.ConclusionsOur results support the existence of an obesity paradox impacting all‐cause mortality in patients with LVSD of ischemic and non‐ischemic etiologies even after adjusting for LVEF and comorbidities. Additional research is needed to understand the effect of weight loss on survival once a diagnosis of LVSD is established.

BMI and atrial fibrillation recurrence post catheter ablation: A dose-response meta-analysis.

The evidence on the association between obesity and atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence was equivocal. We aimed to evaluate the dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and AF recurrence and adverse events. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Europe PMC, EBSCO, ProQuest and Cochrane Library. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥28kg/m2 . The primary outcome was AF recurrence, and the secondary outcome was adverse events. Adverse events were defined as procedure-related complications and cardio-cerebrovascular events. There were a total of 52,771 patients from 20 studies. Obesity was associated with higher AF recurrence (Odds ratio [OR] 1.30 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-1.47], P<.001; I2 : 72.7%) and similar rate of adverse events (OR 1.21 [95% CI 0.87-1.67], P=.264; I2 : 23.9%). Meta-regression showed that the association varies by age (coefficient: -0.03, P=.024). Meta-analysis of highest versus lowest BMI showed that the highest group had higher AF recurrence (OR 1.37 [95% CI 1.18-1.58], P<.001; I2 : 64.9%) and adverse events (OR 2.02 [95% CI 1.08-3.76], P=.028; I2 : 49.5%). The linear association analysis for AF recurrence was not significant (P=.544). The dose-response relationship for BMI and AF recurrence was nonlinear (pnonlinearity <0.001), the curve became steeper at 30-35kg/m2 . For adverse events, an increase of 1% for every 1kg/m2 increase in BMI (OR 1.01 [95% CI 1.00-1.02], P=.001), the relationship was nonlinear (pnonlinearity =0.001). Obesity was associated with higher AF recurrence in patients undergoing catheter ablation. High BMI might be associated with a higher risk for adverse events. CRD42020198787.

The impact of body mass index on breast cancer incidence among women at increased risk: an observational study from the International Breast Intervention Studies

BackgroundWe investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and breast cancer risk in women at increased risk of breast cancer receiving tamoxifen or anastrozole compared with placebo using data from the International Breast Cancer Intervention Studies [IBIS-I (tamoxifen) and IBIS-II (anastrozole)].MethodsBaseline BMI was calculated from nurse assessed height and weight measurements for premenopausal (n = 3138) and postmenopausal (n = 3731) women in IBIS-I and postmenopausal women in IBIS-II (n = 3787). The primary endpoint was any breast cancer event (invasive and ductal carcinoma in situ). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for risk after adjustment for covariates.ResultsThere were 582 (IBIS-I) and 248 (IBIS-II) breast cancer events [median follow-up = 16.2 years (IQR 14.4–17.7) and 10.9 years (IQR 8.8–13.0), respectively]. In adjusted analysis, women with a higher BMI had an increased breast cancer risk in both IBIS-I [HR = 1.06 per 5 kg/m2 (0.99–1.15), p = 0.114] and in IBIS-II [HR per 5 kg/m2 = 1.21 (1.09–1.35), p < 0.001]. In IBIS-I, the association between BMI and breast cancer risk was positive in postmenopausal women [adjusted HR per 5 kg/m2 = 1.14 (1.03–1.26), p = 0.01] but not premenopausal women [adjusted HR per 5 kg/m2 = 0.97 (0.86–1.09), p = 0.628]. There was no interaction between BMI and treatment group for breast cancer risk in either IBIS-I (p = 0.62) or IBIS-II (p = 0.55).ConclusionsHigher BMI is associated with greater breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women at increased risk of the disease, but no effect was observed in premenopausal women. The lack of interaction between BMI and treatment group on breast cancer risk suggests women are likely to experience benefit from preventive therapy regardless of their BMI.Trial registration Both trials were registered [IBIS-I: ISRCTN91879928 on 24/02/2006, retrospectively registered (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN91879928); IBIS-II: ISRCTN31488319 on 07/01/2005, retrospectively registered (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN31488319)]

Correlation between Body Mass Index and Radiation Dose in Patients Undergoing Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography

ABSTRACT Background: Radiation dose is an important factor in performing a coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA). Objective: To assess the correlation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and radiation dose in patients receiving a Coronary CTA. Methods: All retrospectively EKG gated coronary CTA studies using a 64 slice CT in patients above 18 years old, during a one-year time period were included in the study. The data was obtained by a query of the PACS system. Sixteen of the total 75 subjects were excluded due to lack of BMI or Dose length product (DLP) data or the CTA deviated from standard protocol. Seven of these patients were specifically excluded by using an x-ray tube voltage other than the standard 120 kVp. For the remaining 52 subjects, correlation and linear regression statistical analysis was used to analyze the relationship between BMI and DLP. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated using Microsoft Excel. Results: There was a weak correlation between the BMI and DLP with a coefficient of determination value of 0.0217. Conclusion: When appropriate criteria exist for obtaining a coronary CTA, a high BMI should not deter ordering based only on high radiation dose concerns since correlation between BMI and DLP is weak.

Body Mass Index and 90-Day Mortality Among 35,406 Danish Patients Hospitalized for Infection

ObjectiveTo examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality after hospitalization for infection because obesity is associated with increased energy reserves that may protect against death from severe infections. Patients and MethodsOf 76,044 patients admitted with a primary infection diagnosis from January 1, 2011, to September 30, 2015, in Central Denmark, we examined a subgroup of 35,406 patients with a known BMI. We compared the 90-day death risk among patients with underweight, overweight, or obesity with a reference cohort of normal-weight patients. We also examined the impact of comorbid conditions, including cancer, tobacco smoking, and recent weight changes, on the associations and adjusted for other potential confounding factors. ResultsThe 90-day mortality after hospital admission was 9.8% (3479 of 35,406) for any infection, 10.5% (466 of 4425) for urinary tract infection, 17.3% (1536 of 8855) for pneumonia, 24.9% (986 of 3964) for sepsis, and 6.2% (114 of 1831) for skin infection. The 90-day adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for death was substantially increased in patients with underweight (aHR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.58 to 1.94) compared with normal-weight patients. In contrast, mortality aHRs were decreased in patients with overweight (aHR, 0.64; 95% CI; 0.58 to 0.69) and obesity (aHR, 0.55; 95% CI; 0.49 to 0.62). Mortality reductions with overweight and obesity were consistent for all major infection types and remained robust independent of recent weight changes, smoking status, or comorbid conditions. Mortality was highest in patients without an apparent reason for their underweight (smoking/known disease), suggesting a role of undiagnosed comorbid conditions. ConclusionWe found evidence that higher BMI (overweight and obesity) is associated with improved survival following acute hospitalization for infection, whereas underweight increases the risk for death.

Gender modifies the effect of body mass index on lung function decline in mild-to-moderate COPD patients: a pooled analysis

BackgroundLow body weight is associated with poor prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it is not known whether gender modifies this relationship.MethodsWe pooled data of 8686 COPD patients from 7 studies with a median length of 36-months of follow up. Using a longitudinal natural cubic spline regression model, we examined the dose–response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the rate of decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in patients with GOLD 1 and 2 disease, stratified by gender and adjusted for age, smoking status, and cohort effects.ResultsThere was an inverse linear relationship between BMI and the rate of FEV1 decline in GOLD Grades 1 and 2, which was modified by gender (p < 0.001). In male patients, an increase of BMI by 1 kg/m2 reduced FEV1 decline by 1.05 mL/year (95% CI 0.96, 1.14). However, in female patients, BMI status did not have a clinically meaningful impact on FEV1 decline: an increase of baseline BMI by 1 kg/m2 reduced FEV1 decline by 0.16 ml/year (95% CI 0.11, 0.21). These gender-modified relationships were similar between GOLD 1 and 2 patients, and between current and former smokers.ConclusionIn mild to moderate COPD, higher BMI was associated with a less rapid decline of FEV1 in male patients whereas this association was minimal in females patients. This gender-specific BMI effect was independent of COPD severity and smoking status.

Abstract PS6-44: The significance of body mass index and absolute lymphocyte count as a prognostic factor for disease-free survival in Korean breast cancer patients

Abstract Introduction: The purpose of our study is to identify the association between body mass index (BMI) and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), and to determine the effect of these two factors on the prognosis of breast cancer patients.Methods: We retrospectively identified 16,375 healthy female and 1,226 primary invasive breast cancer patients from Gangnam Severance Hospital. BMI and complete blood count (CBC) information at the time of diagnosed was collected. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to variable associated with disease-free survival (DFS).Results: BMI and ALC has positive correlation in breast cancer patients as well as health female (both P &amp;lt; .001). However, the effect of BMI and ALC on prognosis was the opposite. Overweight and obese had worse DFS (HR, 2.00; 95% CIs, 1.36-2.96; P &amp;lt; .001) than underweight or normal weight, but patients with high ALC had better DFS than those with low ALC (HR, 0.42; 95% CIs, 0.28-0.63; P &amp;lt; .001). When the risk stratification group was divided according to BMI /ALC, the high-risk group who had high BMI and low ALC had worse DFS than low-risk group (HR, 2.61; 95% CIs, 1.51-4.51; P = .001). In subgroup analysis, Her2-overexpressing and early stage tumor was more affected by BMI/ALC.Conclusions: The impact of BMI and ALC on prognosis in breast cancer was the opposite although BMI and ALC had positive correlation. Patients with high BMI and low ALC had worse DFS than others. Weight management is essential to breast cancer patients, and additional study about correlation between BMI and ALC affecting prognosis is needed in the future. Citation Format: Sung Min Ko. The significance of body mass index and absolute lymphocyte count as a prognostic factor for disease-free survival in Korean breast cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS6-44.

Association between body mass index and cardio-metabolic risk factors among subjects in Wuhan, China: A cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and cardio-metabolic risk factors and to determine the optimal BMI cut-off values in male and female subjects in Wuhan, China.We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 20218 adult subjects (aged 18–85 years, 12717 men of them) who had health examinations at the health management center of Tongji Hospital of Wuhan in 2017. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was preformed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) of cardio-metabolic risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and optimal cut-off values for BMI predictive of cardio-metabolic risk factors.Of the 20218 participants, the percentage of males with overweight and obesity was as twice as that of females and the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia was significantly higher in males than females (27.18% vs 17.69%, 7.88% vs 4.16%, 41.97% vs 15.20%, and 34.50% vs 9.93%, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher BMI was a significant risk factor for hypertension (OR:1.27, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.25–1.29), DM (OR:1.25, 95% CI:1.22–1.28), dyslipidemia (OR:1.26, 95% CI:1.25–1.28), and hyperuricemia (OR:1.25, 95% CI:1.23–1.27) after adjusting for age in both sexes. But in overweight or obesity status, females had higher ORs for hypertension and DM, and lower ORs for dyslipidemia than that in males. The optimal cut-off values of BMI for the presence of cardio-metabolic risk factors were among 24.25 to 25.35 kg/m2 in males, which were higher than in females among 22.85 to 23.45 kg/m2.The association between BMI and cardio-metabolic risk factors is different by gender. It is necessary to determine appropriate threshold for overweight status in men and women separately.

Heart rate response to alarm tones in firefighters.

To examine cardiovascular responses to medical (MED) and fire (FIRE) alarm tones in firefighters. Heart rate was collected throughout 24-h shifts (N = 41). Call logs were utilized post hoc to identify heart rate at the time the alarm sounded (TIMETONE), peak heart rate following the alarm (TIMEPEAK), and heart rate at the time of station departure (TIMEDEPART) for MED and FIRE calls. A 2X3 (TONE x TIME) split-plot mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant differences tests examined the influence of tone type on heart rate, expressed as a percent of age estimated maximum. Bivariate Pearson correlations examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and TIMEPEAK and TIMEDEPART. An alpha of 0.05 determined statistical significance and Bonferroni Corrections were applied to post hoc comparisons (p < 0.017). Follow-up analyses for the significant 2 × 3 repeated-measures ANOVA (p = 0.035) indicated differences in heart rate for MED (p < 0.001) and FIRE (p < 0.001) where TIMETONE < TIMEPEAK, TIMETONE < TIMEDEPART, and TIMEPEAK > TIMEDEPART. There was a non-significant simple effect of time for MED and FIRE at TIMETONE (p = 0.259), but significant effects of tone type where FIRE > MED at TIMEPEAK (p < 0.001) and TIMEDEPART (p = 0.002). There was a significant small positive relationship between BMI and TIMEPEAK (p = 0.002) and TIMEDEPART (p < 0.001) for MED only. Alarms increased heart rates to a greater extent in FIRE than MED calls. Higher BMI was related to greater heart rate responses in MED but was unrelated to FIRE response.

Obesity and high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio are prognostic factors in non-metastatic breast cancer patients.

Obesity has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer recurrence and death. Some readily available biomarkers associated with systemic inflammation have been receiving attention as potential prognostic indicators in cancer, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). This study aimed to explore the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and invasive breast cancer and the association of NLR, PLR, and BMI with breast cancer outcomes. We undertook a retrospective study to evaluate patients treated for breast cancer over 14 years. Clinicopathological data was obtained before receiving any treatment. Of the 1664 patients included with stage I-III, 567 (34%) were obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2). Obese patients had larger tumors compared to non-obese patients. Higher BMI was associated with recurrence and worse survival only in patients with stage I disease. NLR and PLR were classified into high and low level groups. The NLRhigh (NLR>4) was found to be an independent prognostic factor for recurrence and mortality, while the PLRhigh (PLR>150) group had no impact on survival. A subgroup of patients with NLRhigh and BMIhigh had the worst disease-free survival (P=0.046), breast cancer-specific survival (P<0.001), and overall survival (P=0.006), compared to the other groups. Patients with early-stage breast cancer bearing NLRhigh and BMIhigh had worse outcomes, and this might be explained by the dysfunctional milieu of obesity in adipose tissue and its effects on the immune system. This study highlights the importance of lifestyle measures and the immune system interference with clinical outcomes in the early breast cancer setting.

Obesity, Blood Pressure, and Intraocular Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Italian Children

Introduction: Several studies in the adult population have shown that obesity is an independent risk factor for elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), whereas data in the paediatric population are sparse and controversial. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and IOP in healthy school children. Methods: The survey was conducted among a random sample of 8-year-old Italian students. Data were collected on their health status and behaviours related to obesity (physical activity, food and drinking habits, etc.). Physical examinations, conducted at school, included measurements of height, weight, BP, and IOP. Results: Five hundred and seventy-six subjects were recruited (92.8% response rate); 42.4% were overweight or obese, 58.9% consumed inadequate daily servings of fruit and vegetables, and 87.5% were involved in sedentary activities. Elevated BP/hypertension (HTN) affected 3.6% and high IOP was revealed in 12.5% of the children. In the multivariate analysis, elevated BP/HTN was the only significant determinant of ocular HTN (OR 5.36, 95% CI 1.95–14.73, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Our results show that high IOP affects 12.5% of 8-year-old school children and appears to be associated with high BP related to a high BMI.

Body mass index and variability in hippocampal volume in youth with major depressive disorder

BackgroundThe hippocampus has been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD), in both adults and youth. However, possible sources of variability for the hippocampus have not been well delineated. Here, we explored the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and hippocampal volume in youth with MDD. MethodsTwenty-two controls (9 male, 13 female, 12-24 years), 24 youth with MDD and normal BMI (12 male, 12 female, 14-24 years), and 20 youth with MDD and high BMI (14 male, 6 female, 13-22 years) underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Hippocampal volume was determined through manual tracing of high-resolution anatomical T1 scans, and LCModel quantified neurochemical concentrations. Intracranial volume was used as a covariate in analysis to control for effects of brain volume on hippocampus. ResultsIn youth with MDD and normal BMI, right hippocampal volume was reduced (p = 0.006, Bonferroni) and a trend for reduced left hippocampal volume was noted when compared to healthy controls (p = 0.054, Bonferroni). Left hippocampal volumes were negatively associated with BMI in youth with MDD and high BMI group (r = -0.593, p = 0.006). No associations were found between the right hippocampus and BMI and there were no group differences for metabolite concentrations. LimitationsLarger sample sizes would enable researchers to explore overweight vs obese groups and effect of sex in MDD-BMI groups. ConclusionsBMI may account for some of the variability observed in previous studies of hippocampal volume in MDD, and therefore BMI impacts should be considered in future analyses.