The response of insects to stress, particularly starvation and high temperature stress, is a crucial area of insect research. Uridine diphosphate-glucosyltransferases (UGTs) are key enzymes involved in the detoxification of exogenous substances. This study analysed the role of the UGT344J7 gene in the response of Rhopalosiphum padi to starvation and high temperature stress. UGT344J7 was significantly upregulated under conditions of high temperature and food scarcity. Following RNAi targeting UGT344J7, the mortality of R. padi increased significantly under both high temperature and starvation conditions. Knockdown of the UGT344J7 gene led to a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in R. padi, accompanied by a significant downregulation of four heat shock protein genes (Hsp70-1, Hsp70-2, Hsp68, Hsp90). Based on these results, we speculate that UGT344J7 regulates the expression of heat shock protein genes by modulating ROS levels, thereby helping R. padi cope with high temperature and starvation stress. This is the first report on the role of the UGT gene in starvation and high temperature stress in an aphid species. This research suggests that silencing UGT344J7 could serve as a potential strategy for controlling R. padi, and novel insecticides targeting this gene may be developed to disrupt the physiological processes of this significant pest.

Global climate warming has significantly increased plant diseases prevalence. In subtropical regions, high temperature frequently co-occurs with bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, creating compound stress conditions that severely compromise eggplant productivity. However, the molecular mechanisms governing eggplant's response to combined heat and pathogen stress remain poorly characterized. In this study, we conducted the temperature analyses of Guangzhou, China, and isolated a thermotolerant strain PSS219-GZ under high temperatures in eggplant. Phenotypic analysis of eggplants inoculated with PSS219-GZ at different temperature, indicated that PSS219-GZ have maximal pathogenicity at 37°C. SmWRKY6 is a WRKY transcription factor activated by both high temperatures and Ralstonia solanacearum infection. Genetic evidence from silencing of SmWRKY6 via VIGS in eggplants and overexpression of SmWRKY6 in tomato demonstrated that SmWRKY6 is essential for enhancing resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum under high-temperature stress. SmWRKY6 directly binds to and transcriptionally activates the SmPR1b promoter, forming a key regulatory node in bacterial wilt resistance pathways. This study provides novel insights into plant responses to combined heat and R. solanacearum stress and highlights potential resistance genes for mitigating compound stress effects.

Thermophilic bacteria mediated dye remediation in water and wastewater: Mechanistic and metabolic insights.

Sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) is a leading cause of infant mortality. Although ambient temperature affects many health outcomes, evidence on its association with SUDI remains limited. We examined short-term effects of high and low temperatures on SUDI in France. We performed a time-stratified case-crossover study including lag periods up to six days before death. Conditional logistic regression models assessed associations with both binary temperature indicators (based on percentiles) and continuous metrics using a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM). Effect modification by season, sex, social deprivation, urban or rural residence, age at death, and sleeping position was examined. We included 1078 SUDI cases in France from 2015 to 2022. Results suggested an increased risk with heat on days close to death. Estimates were imprecise due to the limited sample size, leading to wide confidence intervals for several associations. However, we observed a linear association between temperature and SUDI during summer, particularly for minimum temperature in the last week of life (OR: 1.16, 1.07-1.26). DLNM analyses suggested similar patterns, with elevated risk for minimum temperatures above 15°C and below 0°C, though these estimates remain uncertainty. Short-term exposure to both high and low temperatures showed patterns of association with SUDI, with particularly notable effects of heat during summer. Although statistical support for many trends was limited, the alignment of these signals with previous studies suggests that preventive measures to reduce temperature-related risks for infants may be considered, particularly in the context of rising temperatures.

Failure modes and energy evolution of jointed rock mass with holes under high temperature and fatigue loading

Thermophysical properties of dolomite under high temperature and pressure and their implications for the thermal structure

Physiology and behaviour of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria) under hypoxic and heatwave conditions.

Adaptive responses of Porphyromonas gingivalis to hemin availability and temperature modulate the expression of its major virulence factors: a proteomic perspective.

Enhanced d-mannose production by rational engineering of cellobiose 2-Epimerase.

High temperature is a known abiotic stressor in broiler chickens, causing oxidative damage and altering gene expression. The present study was conducted to study the role of in ovo feeding of taurine against heat-induced damage in the broiler chickens. It was hypothesized that pre-hatch supplementation with taurine induces epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and demethylation, which could help develop resistance to heat stress (HS) at later stages of life. For this, at 17.5 days of incubation, 360 fertile eggs from 37-week-old Arbor Acre breeder hens were divided into four groups: injected with distilled water (0TAU) × 2, and others injected with taurine at 1 %, 3 %, or 5 % concentrations (1TAU, 3TAU, 5TAU). For the in ovo feeding, a 23-gauge needle was used to deposit 0.6mL of solution into the amniotic sac. During rearing days 29 to 34, broiler chickens were exposed to a cyclic heat stress (HS, 31 ± 1 °C, 8 hours) or kept at a thermoneutral temperature (TN) zone (21 ± 1 °C). Hence, the treatment groups were: (i) 0TAU-TN, (ii) 0TAU-HS, (iii) 1TAU-HS, (iv) 3TAU-HS, and (v) 5TAU-HS. While the organ indices, average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) did not differ significantly, in ovo taurine linearly increased average daily gain (ADG) during the heat stress (HS) period (p = 0.032). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity% (DPPH-RSA%) in plasma showed a linear increase (p = 0.001) with taurine doses. Among the studied plasma metabolites, only alanine transaminase (ALT) was significantly affected, being lower in 1TAU-HS and 3TAU-HS compared to 5TAU-HS (p = 0.022). Individual gene expressions showed no significant variation across treatments. However, a planned contrast revealed upregulation of DNA methylation genes in the 5TAU-HS group compared to the 0TAU-TN group (p = 0.030). Strong positive correlations were observed among DNA methylation, demethylation, and NADPH oxidase (NOX) -related genes, suggesting coordinated regulation. Negative correlations between MDA and antioxidant enzymes indicated oxidative stress-related damage under HS. Hence, taurine linearly improved ADG under HS. While it did not significantly influence individual gene expression, 5TAU upregulated the overall DNA-methylation-related genes, suggesting a possible long-term adaptive response under HS.

This research includes an experimental and numerical investigation into the fire resistance of high-strength steel (HSS) welded H-section long columns under combined loading. Major-axis eccentric compression tests at the temperature of 600°C were carried out on HSS welded H-section long column specimens. The experimental investigation comprised high-temperature tensile coupon tests, measurement of geometric imperfection, and steady-state tests. After the development and validation of the results of the steady-state tests, the finite element model (FEM) was applied in a parametric investigation. Finally, both experimental and numerical data were utilized to assess the applicability of the relevant design provisions for the ultimate bearing capacity of Q460, Q690, and Q960 HSS long columns under major-axis combined loading at 600°C, as provided in European and American fire design standards, as well as the Chinese room temperature specification and the direct strength method (DSM). The results of these assessments revealed that (1) both the European and American fire design standards offered conservative resistance predictions for HSS welded H-section columns failing by flexural buckling about the major principal axis, while the design buckling curve in European specification results in consistent flexural buckling resistance predictions; and (2) the codified ambient temperature design buckling curves in Chinese specifications exhibited conservative interactive buckling resistance predictions, yet the DSM showed overpredicted resistances.

Cross-scale crack evolution in pre-flawed sandstone under high temperature: Insights from a composition-aware thermal-mechanical grain-based model

Oxygen vacancy-type anatase TiO2 achieved directly by anodization of Ti in phosphate/glycerol electrolytes at high temperatures

Refractory ceramics, used in high-temperature industries, have heterogeneous microstructures with multiphase compositions and diverse bonding systems that enable resistance to corrosion, thermal gradients, and shock. Their ability to withstand repeated thermal shocks depends on managing stresses from mismatched Coefficients of Thermal Expansion (CTE), which can initiate microcracks when exceeding tensile strength. Controlled microcracking can, however, enhance fracture energy and toughness, making fracture energy a key indicator of thermal shock resistance. Modelling such complex behaviour remains challenging, driving interest in simulating cracking phenomena like microcracking, branching, and fragmentation. An improved Distinct Lattice Spring Model (iDLSM) incorporating anisotropic thermal expansion, thermomechanical coupling, and crack closure mechanisms effectively reproduces experimental trends in thermal expansion and Young’s modulus, demonstrating strong predictive capability. The enhanced model is further applied to explore micromechanics, including microcrack orientation, initiation, propagation, internal stresses, and macroscopic stress–strain behaviour to evaluate refractory ceramics’ resistance to thermal shock.

Combined effects of incubation temperature and lipopolysaccharide exposure on immune response modulation in the quail gut.

To meet stringent C O 2 reduction targets, aircraft engine efficiency must be improved by minimizing inter-stage leakage, which can be reached via abradable coatings. However, premature wear of these coatings can significantly diminish overall performance of the turbojet engine. To understand wear mechanisms activation, a ballistic bench-based test rig has been developed over the years in order to enable blade/abradable linear interaction tests while exerting precise control over contact speed, coating temperature, and depth of incursion (DoI). By considering that only single touch interaction tests are permitted throughout this facility, the main objective was to perform interaction tests with the smallest, yet constant, depth of incursion. A novel projectile design, associated to a guidance system, have been able to meet this requirement. This research study focuses also on further developments concerning enhanced high-speed imaging and temperature distribution over the abradable coating specimens. It aims to deliver deeper insights into the multi-physical phenomena at play during blade/abradable contact, providing clearer correlations between test parameters and observed wear behavior. • High-precision dovetail guidance system enabling linear interaction in a gas gun. • Ultra-high-speed imaging system to visualize wear particles generation. • Optimized test facility for blade tip/abradable contact characterization.

The coffee-ring effect (CRE) remains a major obstacle to achieving uniform functional deposits in high-resolution printed electronics, particularly for picoliter-scale droplets where evaporation dynamics are complex and poorly understood. This study demonstrates that precise control of substrate temperature is a highly effective strategy for suppressing the CRE in inkjet-printed picoliter droplets of a commercial silver nanoparticle ink. We identify a distinct morphological transition: uniform deposits form at low temperatures (20-40°C), pronounced coffee-rings develop at intermediate temperatures (50-70°C), and central accumulation emerges at high temperatures (>90°C). Through a combination of experimental analysis, scaling arguments, and numerical simulations, we systematically rule out Marangoni flows and viscous dissipation as the primary suppression mechanisms at low temperatures. Instead, we show that the extended drying time at low substrate temperatures drastically reduces the Péclet number, shifting the dominant transport mechanism from outward capillary advection to inward particle diffusion. This diffusion-driven homogenization ensures uniform particle redistribution prior to immobilization. Our findings provide a robust, practical, and readily applicable thermal strategy for eliminating capillary-driven inhomogeneities, paving the way toward the reliable fabrication of high-resolution printed electronic devices with superior morphological and functional uniformity.

Temperature-controlled micro-crosslinking polymers for improving the sedimentation stability of oil well cement slurry at high temperatures

Mechanical and gamma-ray shielding performance of waste ceramic substituted magnetite concrete under high temperatures

Fretting operating behavior and damage mechanism evolution of GH4169 superalloy at high temperature