High Temperature Stress Research Articles

Duplicate CgCREBL2β involved in the response of oyster upon high-temperature stress through the induction of glycolysis and haemocyte apoptosis.

Duplicate CgCREBL2β involved in the response of oyster upon high-temperature stress through the induction of glycolysis and haemocyte apoptosis.

The interplay between Ca2+ and ROS in regulating β-carotene biosynthesis in Dunaliella salina under high temperature stress

The interplay between Ca2+ and ROS in regulating β-carotene biosynthesis in Dunaliella salina under high temperature stress

Insight into Ca2+- inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 2 (IP3R2)-mediated unfolded protein response and apoptosis in scallop Patinopecten yessoensis under high temperature stress.

Insight into Ca2+- inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 2 (IP3R2)-mediated unfolded protein response and apoptosis in scallop Patinopecten yessoensis under high temperature stress.

Responses of the mud snail Cipangopaludina cathayensis to thermal stress: Insights from metabolism, oxidative stress damage, and hepatopancreas transcriptional modulation.

Responses of the mud snail Cipangopaludina cathayensis to thermal stress: Insights from metabolism, oxidative stress damage, and hepatopancreas transcriptional modulation.

Nitrate enrichment exacerbates microbiome and metabolism disturbances of the coral holobiont under heat stress.

Nitrate enrichment exacerbates microbiome and metabolism disturbances of the coral holobiont under heat stress.

Impact of heat and ozone stress on rice growth and productivity: interactive and mitigating effects.

Impact of heat and ozone stress on rice growth and productivity: interactive and mitigating effects.

Regional fingerprint, enrichment and flavor contribution of Bacillus community in Daqu for Chinese Baijiu.

Regional fingerprint, enrichment and flavor contribution of Bacillus community in Daqu for Chinese Baijiu.

Effects of temperature and salinity on CO2 fluxes dynamics and respiration metabolism in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka).

Effects of temperature and salinity on CO2 fluxes dynamics and respiration metabolism in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka).

Methyl jasmonate regulates panicle morphogenesis by mediating the negative effects of high temperature stress on carbon and nitrogen allocation and utilization

Methyl jasmonate regulates panicle morphogenesis by mediating the negative effects of high temperature stress on carbon and nitrogen allocation and utilization

Evaluating the influence of phosphorus supply on photosynthetic and agronomic performance of two breeding lines of common bean grown under acidic soil and high temperature stress.

High temperature stress has a significant effect on the physiological response of the bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and the supply of phosphorus (P) can influence photosynthetic performance, mobilization of photoassimilates and alleviate heat stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of increasing P supply on the response of the photosynthetic apparatus of two breeding lines of common bean grown in acidic soil under high temperature stress conditions in a screenhouse. A completely randomized block design with factorial arrangement was used: i. five levels of P supply (P0, P15, P30 and P45 kg ha-1; and P supplied through organic matter [PSOM at P25]), and ii. two bean lines (BFS 10, SEF 10) with a total of ten treatments and four replications. During the study, the ambient temperature rose to 37°C and 29°C during the day and night, respectively, a high temperature stress condition that significantly affected the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of the two bean lines evaluated. Under these growing conditions, the bean lines adjusted in canopy temperature, reducing leaf temperature by 3.6 to 4.0°C compared to ambient temperature, a process performed more efficiently by SEF 10 compared to BFS 10. Increased P supply improved electron transport chain function, ATP production, PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), the fraction of energy devoted to the photosynthesis process (ΦII); and reduced the amount of energy in the form of heat (ΦNPQ) as the need for heat dissipation manifested through leaf temperature difference (LTD). These adjustments to photosynthetic apparatus translated into superior agronomic performance through greater partitioning of dry matter into grain yield (GY) as revealed by partitioning indices such as pod partitioning index (PPI), pod harvest index (PHI) and harvest index (HI), and yield components including pod number per area (PNA) and seed number per area (SNA). Increased P supply increased leaf P concentration and alleviated the effects of high temperature on the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus in both common bean lines (BFS 10 and SEF 10); and accumulation of sugars in pods and seeds facilitated improved seed yield. These two bean lines can serve as parents in bean breeding programs that aim to combine low P tolerance with high temperature tolerance in acid soil regions of the tropics.

Failure Mechanism of Metallized Polypropylene Film Capacitors Under Impulse Voltage: Al Aggregation on Metallization Layer Surface

ABSTRACTMetallized polypropylene film capacitors (PP‐MFCs) are critical in high‐voltage applications due to their self‐healing capability and stability. However, under extreme conditions (high voltage, elevated temperature, and impulse stress), PP‐MFCs experience dielectric breakdown and thermal aging for eventual failure. In this work, we investigate failure mechanisms in detail, revealing Al aggregation on the metallization layer. Structural, thermal, and electrical analyses confirm that nonuniform electric fields induce Al migration and aggregation, leading to severe field distortion, dielectric aging, and breakdown. To address this problem, an antistatic layer may be introduced between the polypropylene film and the metallization layer. The study provides novel theoretical insights into the aging and breakdown mechanisms of dielectric materials in PP‐MFCs under combined electric field and thermal stresses, which may be of great significance for developing high‐performance film capacitors in high‐voltage operations.

From Formica® to FormiCAN: One-Pot Synthesis of Melamine-based Covalent Adaptable Network Endowed With High Transition Temperature and Fast Stress Relaxation.

Melamine-based resins are benchmark materials in the field of laminates and composites, and this beyond the world-famous Formica® brand, but these thermosets are not reprocessable and hardly degradable. In relation with the growing field of covalent adaptable networks (CANs) as reprocessable alternatives to thermosets, this study describes a melamine-based CAN containing N,O-acetal exchangeable functions, obtained via a one-pot and solvent-free microwave-assisted process. This material shows good thermo-mechanical properties (Tg = 90°C, E'Young up to 1GPa), a high hydrolytic stability at room temperature (no degradation at pH 1, 7, and 14) but an on-demand degradability (hydrolysis in HCl 1m at 100°C). Moreover, this melamine-based CAN exhibits short stress-relaxation times (τ = 30 s at 210°C) and only very low creep (0.6% at 150°C after 1h). This CAN is also easily reprocessable (1.5h, 170°C, 10 bars), and no alterations of its properties are observed after 3 reprocessing cycles.

Temporal dynamics of pre-flowering dry matter remobilization and post-flowering photosynthetic compensation in wheat under combined high temperature and drought stress

Temporal dynamics of pre-flowering dry matter remobilization and post-flowering photosynthetic compensation in wheat under combined high temperature and drought stress

Simulation of the impacts of high temperature stress on pepper (Capsicum annum L.) yields

Improving the accuracy of yield predictions for cash crops such as pepper (Capsicum annum L.) has increasingly captured the interest of many scientists in South Korea. This study marks the first initiative to develop yield prediction tools for peppers cultivated under heat stress conditions. To refine the yield prediction model, field studies were conducted to establish the plant growth curve and parameter sets for two different pepper accessions, PHR18 and PHR23, under heat stress conditions. According to field studies, the two pepper accessions exhibited distinct growth patterns under prolonged heat stress conditions. PHR18 experienced significant heat stress effects in the first month of exposure, whereas it demonstrated stress priming to regain growth by the 75th day of heat stress exposure. PHR23, having a larger leaf area, accumulated more biomass than fruit yields in the initial month of exposure, thus increasing its yields at higher temperature conditions due to enhanced photosynthesis rates. The crop growth curve and parameters were formulated based on these studies, and the open field simulations were calibrated with measured yields from multiple locations in South Korea from 2020-2024. Consequently, a robust pepper growth model was developed and employed to assess the effects of heat stress on the yields of two pepper accessions across various South Korean locations. The development of this crop growth model under stressful conditions will aid farmers and policymakers in making informed decisions during extreme events.

Genome-Wide Identification and Heat Stress-Induced Expression Profiling of the Hsp70 Gene Family in Phoebe bournei

Phoebe bournei, a rare tree species native to China, holds considerable economic importance. The heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) family is a group of molecular chaperones that is broadly distributed across living organisms and play a critical role in processes like growth, development, and stress response. While Hsp70 genes have been identified and studied in various plant species, their specific functions in the growth and development of P. bournei remain unexplored. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the Hsp70 gene family in P. bournei, identifying a total of 45 Hsp70 genes, which were classified into four groups (I–IV) through phylogenetic analysis. All Hsp70 proteins possessed conserved structural domains, including motif 7, and introns were present in 77.8% of the genes. Chromosomal localization and collinearity analyses of the Hsp70 genes revealed their evolutionary relationships and potential gene duplication events. Examination of the cis-acting elements within the Hsp70 promoter regions revealed that the predominant elements were associated with growth and development, followed by those responsive to hormones, and then elements linked to abiotic stress. Nine genes with high expression were selected for RT-qPCR analysis. Under high-temperature stress, all nine genes were differentially upregulated, and most of these genes belonged to subfamilies II and III, indicating that these two subfamilies have strong potential for heat resistance. In this study, we have elucidated the molecular characteristics and heat response properties of the Hsp70 gene family in P. bournei, revealing the mechanisms behind its heat stress response. Our work provides a reference for stress breeding in P. bournei and a theoretical basis for the exploration of heat tolerance in woody plants.

Identification of key modules and genes in response to high-temperature stress in Platostoma palustre based on WGCNA

Platostoma palustre (Blume) A. J. Paton is one of the important medicinal and edible plants in China, and it is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of southern China. In these areas, high-temperature stress (HTS) is often one of the unfavorable environmental factors affecting the growth and yield of P. palustre. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism underlying the response of P. palustre to HTS remains unclear. In this study, we used two varieties of P. palustre, LSL and MDG, as experimental materials to identify key genes involved in the response of P. palustre to HTS by employing transcriptome sequencing technology, thereby revealing the molecular mechanism underlying its adaptation to HTS. The results showed that HTS significantly influenced the plant height, above-ground fresh weight, root fresh weight, root growth, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a + b, and carotenoid content of P. palustre plants. MDG exhibited stronger high-temperature tolerance compared to LSL. Under HTS, 8352 DEGs were up-regulated and 9201 DEGs were down-regulated in HT_LSL_vs_CK_LSL, while 5433 DEGs were up-regulated and 6325 DEGs were down-regulated in HT_MDG_vs_CK_MDG, suggesting a significant difference in gene expression levels between LSL and MDG under HTS. KEGG enrichment analysis showed the pathways possibly involved in HTS responses in P. palustre, such as plant hormone signal transduction, brassinosteroid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, diterpenoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, etc. Further weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 14 modules and 61 hub genes closely related to the response to HTS in P. palustre. The hub genes included peroxidase 51-like (TRINITY_DN34017_c0_g1), UDP-glucuronate 4-epimerase 1-like (GAE1, TRINITY_DN815_c0_g3), NAC domain-containing protein 1 (NAC, TRINITY_DN328_c0_g1), UGT73A13 (TRINITY_DN8437_c0_g2), universal stress protein 7 (USP7, TRINITY_DN6361_c0_g2), malonyl-coenzyme: anthocyanin 5-O-glucoside-6’’’-O-malonyltransferase-like (5MaT1, TRINITY_DN3589_c0_g1), ent-kaurene synthase 5 (KSL5, TRINITY_DN5126_c0_g1), ABC transporter (TRINITY_DN39495_c0_g1, TRINITY_DN10383_c0_g1), etc. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of heat tolerance in P. palustre at the gene expression level, providing a scientific basis for heat-tolerant breeding of P. palustre.

Research on the influence of cutting parameters on the subsurface damage and surface quality of monocrystalline silicon nanocutting

Monocrystalline silicon, as a typical hard and brittle material, is prone to subsurface damage during nanomachining, which affects the subsequent performance of processed workpieces. By adjusting cutting parameters, subsurface damage and surface quality during the machining process can be controlled and improved. Therefore, this article explored the formation mechanism of sub-surface damage in monocrystalline silicon during nanocutting process through molecular dynamics(MD) simulation, and systematically studied the effects of four processing parameters, namely cutting crystal plane, cutting speed, tool rake angle, and relative tool sharpness, on the depth of sub-surface damage and surface roughness. The results indicated that high hydrostatic stress and high temperature during the cutting process promote the amorphous phase transition of the workpiece atoms, resulting in subsurface damage. Changes in cutting parameters can significantly affect subsurface damage and surface roughness. By optimizing cutting parameters, subsurface damage and surface roughness can be effectively controlled and improved.

Physiological Response of Citrus reticulata Blanco var. Gonggan Seedlings to High-Temperature Stress.

The physiological and biochemical responses of Citrus reticulata Blanco var. Gonggan (Gonggan) to high-temperature stress were explored in the present study, offering valuable insights into the growth of this plant in elevated temperature scenarios. Plants were exposed to daytime temperatures of 22 °C, 40 °C, and 45 °C, with corresponding nighttime temperatures of 17 °C, 35 °C, and 40 °C, respectively. Each treatment was administered for 12 h, with a daytime light intensity of 14,400 lux. Key parameters such as the chlorophyll content, peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde content, cytoplasmic membrane permeability, and photosynthetic metrics were assessed. The results showed that the content of malondialdehyde decreased with the increase in temperature, with the highest content at 22 °C. After high-temperature treatment at 40 °C and 45 °C, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared with the Gonggan plants treated at 22 °C. Peroxidase activity exhibited an increasing trend as the temperature increased, and there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the peroxidase activity at 22 °C and 45 °C. Similar trends are displayed for high-temperature stress, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and intercellular CO2, which initially decreased and then significantly increased. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When plants were subjected to high-temperature stress at 40 °C, the net photosynthetic rate showed a significant increase compared to the control group at 22 °C, but in a 45 °C stress environment, the Pn showed a decreasing trend. In the experimental group, relative conductivity decreased with the increase in temperature. Meanwhile, Gonggan plants exhibited moderate heat tolerance to short-term or moderate high-temperature stress, primarily through antioxidant and repair mechanisms. However, their heat tolerance was limited under prolonged or extremely high-temperature conditions, characterized by significant membrane damage and photosynthetic inhibition. Overall, Gonggan plants demonstrate moderate heat tolerance, making them suitable for intermittent high-temperature environments rather than prolonged extreme heat conditions. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the adaptive strategies of Gonggan plants and their cultivation in high-temperature settings.

Characterization of Plant Defensin (PDF) Genes in Banana (Musa acuminata) Reveals the Antifungal Ability of MaPDF2.2 to Fusarium Wilt Pathogens

Plant defensin (PDF/DEF), an important pathogenesis-related protein which widely exists in plants, displays broad-spectrum antifungal activities. To date, however, reports on the banana PDFs are very limited. In this study, we identified, cloned, and characterized the five Class I PDFs (MaPDF2.1~MaPDF2.5) in banana (Musa acuminata). Further, their expression in root, corm, leaf, and fruit were studied. MaPDFs exhibited quite different expression patterns in different organs, with MaPDF2.2 as the only member expressing in all the tested organs, and its expression levels in all organs were the highest among all MaPDFs. The MaPDF2.2 expression could be significantly upregulated by both low- and high-temperature stresses but significantly downregulated by the inoculations of plant growth promoting endophytic fungus Serendipita indica and banana Fusarium wilt (FW) pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) Tropical race 4 (FocTR4). Moreover, the S. indica pre-colonization could significantly alleviate the suppression of FocTR4 on MaPDF2.2, suggesting that this MaPDF might contribute greatly to the S. indica-enhanced FW resistance. By using tobacco leaf transient overexpression, the function of MaPDF2.2 was investigated. Its overexpression significantly inhibited the infection of Foc race 1 (Foc1) and FocTR4 in tobacco leaves. Furthermore, in vitro antifungal ability assays revealed that the recombinant His-MaPDF2.2 protein could significantly inhibit the growth of Foc1 and FocTR4, as well as the pigment accumulation of Foc1. Our study revealed the sequence and expression characteristics of banana PDFs and demonstrated the antifungal ability of MaPDF2.2 to FW pathogens.

HcTRET1 is critical for epidermal chitin synthesis in Hyphantria cunea.

In insects, trehalose is critical for growth and development, as well as environmental stress response, which is mainly transported by trehalose transporters (TRETs). Over nearly two decades, the physiological functions of TRETs in insect growth, development, reproduction and environmental stress response have been well elucidated. However, the role of TRETs in chitin synthesis remains not fully understood. Here, we identified the HcTRET1 gene from Hyphantria cunea, a major Lepidoptera pest in agriculture and forestry. The role of HcTRET1 in growth and development, especially in chitin synthesis, was discussed by dsRNA-mediated HcTRET1 knockdown. Bioassay showed that HcTRET1 knockdown did not affect larval growth, development and survival in H. cunea, but it significantly reduced the pupa formation rate. Additionally, HcTRET1 silencing increased trehalose levels in the fat body but decreased them in the hemolymph, suggesting HcTRET1 plays a key role in trehalose homeostasis. Moreover, HcTRET1 knockdown significantly downregulated the genes for chitin synthesis (HcGFAT, HcUAP and HcCHSA), resulting in a remarkable reduction of chitin content in the epidermis. Moreover, HcTRET1 knockdown significantly reduced the survival of H. cunea larvae at 42°C. Taken together, these results demonstrated that HcTRET1 played a critical role in larva-pupa transition, in vivo trehalose homeostasis, especially in epidermal chitin biosynthesis in H. cunea larvae. In parallel, its important physiological function in response to high-temperature stress has been verified as well. The findings expand our understanding of the physiological functions of TRET1 in insects, providing a new perspective for trehalose transporters to regulate chitin biosynthesis.