High Strength Properties Research Articles

Nanoporous Bisphenol A-Based Polymeric Network Featuring Spontaneous Microphase-Separation Enables Transparent Multifunctional Hydrogels.

Multifunctional hydrogels have garnered significant interest but remain challenging due to the complex preparation process and high cost of raw materials. Herein, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) were reacted with 3-amino-1-propanol via a catalyst-free amine-epoxy "click" chemistry, followed by the addition of hydrophilic 1,3-propane sultone (1,3-PS) to a higher water content, and then cross-linked with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) in one-pot to provide a polymer network, i.e., PBAxPEGyPU-PS. The two-step cross-linking method enables greater precision in controlling the cross-linking density and preparation process. The in situ microphase-separated porous PBA50PEG50PU-PS demonstrates nanosized pores of approximately 100 nm and uniform distribution due to the thermodynamic incompatibility, enabling superior mechanical properties and high transparency of 87.9%. Upon a water absorption and water loss cycle, a higher transparency of 89.7% was obtained with a lower nanosized pore of approximately 50 nm due to the solvent-induced self-assembly of its amphiphilic structure. Furthermore, the bilayer hydrogel composed of WPBA90PEG10PU-PS and WPBA50PEG50PU-PS was designed for a "Janus" soft actuator based on the difference between the two sides in swelling ability upon water absorption, which has been applied in underwater grasping and humidity-responsive switch. To maintain the inherent soft elasticity and conductivity of the hydrogel, glycerol (Gly) and sodium ion (Na+) were introduced into the mixture. It shows that WPBA50PEG50PU-PS/Gly67 maintains environmental stability with more than 80% weight at 20 °C for 72 h and shows additional frost resistance at -20 °C, and the dual cross-linking network of WPBA50PEG50PU-PS/Gly67/Na10 exhibits the best comprehensive properties of high tensile strength and good conductivity. Meanwhile, 1,3-PS provides a quaternary ammonium salt and sulfobetaine, endowing the multicomponent WPBA50PEG50PU-PS/Gly67/Na10 with additional antibacterial and sensing capabilities. This work provides a versatile approach for preparing transparent multifunctional hydrogels and highlights their potential in various applications.

Effects of Sc doping on microstructure and properties of high strength and high conductivity Cu-6 wt%Ag alloy wires with large section size for ultra-high pulsed magnet coils

Effects of Sc doping on microstructure and properties of high strength and high conductivity Cu-6 wt%Ag alloy wires with large section size for ultra-high pulsed magnet coils

Rotational laser ultrasonic propagation imager in pulse-echo mode for defect evaluation of type-3 COPV

Type-3 composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) are increasingly being validated through research and practical applications because of their lightweight and high-strength properties. Based on these structural strengths, they are widely applied to the aerospace industry for the storage and transportation of fuel and high-pressure systems. Type-3 COPVs are manufactured by filament winding continuous carbon fiber layers onto the outer surface of a metal liner to withstand internal pressure and external structural loads. The composite manufacturing process makes these vessels prone to defects during winding. This emphasizes the need for precise non-destructive testing technologies to assess their structural integrity. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using a pulse-echo (PE) mode inspection with a rotational scanning method based on laser ultrasonic testing. The depth-wise defect detection performance of PE mode with high-power laser integration was evaluated. Furthermore, PE mode was applied to inspect a type-3 COPV with artificial defects, and its applicability and practicality were validated through comparison with the through-transmission mode.

Dynamic Bond-Enhanced, Recyclable Polyurethane Elastomer with High Strength and Self-Healing Properties for Advanced 3D Printing

Dynamic Bond-Enhanced, Recyclable Polyurethane Elastomer with High Strength and Self-Healing Properties for Advanced 3D Printing

Effect of fibrillation on the film-forming properties of soy protein isolate: Relationship between protein structural changes and the film-forming properties.

Effect of fibrillation on the film-forming properties of soy protein isolate: Relationship between protein structural changes and the film-forming properties.

Polyphenol lignin derived non-isocyanate polyurethane with mechanically robust and photothermal conversion performances.

Polyphenol lignin derived non-isocyanate polyurethane with mechanically robust and photothermal conversion performances.

Microstructures and Properties of High Strength and Toughness Fe-Based Coatings Fabricated by Plasma Arc Deposition

Microstructures and Properties of High Strength and Toughness Fe-Based Coatings Fabricated by Plasma Arc Deposition

Reinforced Fill Structure with Alternative Fill Materials: An Application of Geogrid Creep Strain Analysis Using Numerical Modeling.

For many years, granular fill has been the preferred fill material in reinforced fill structures (RFSs) due to its high strength and drainage properties. However, the global scarcity of granular fill has necessitated the exploration of alternative fill materials. This study aims to evaluate the performance of three different alternative fill materials: (i) weak onsite fill (fill 1), (ii) lime-stabilized onsite fill (fill 2), and (iii) recycled construction and demolition (C & D) waste (fill 3). A finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted to assess the stability and horizontal displacement of an RFS and the long-term creep deformation of geogrid using viscoelastic (time-dependent) model in Plaxis. This RFS comprised a combination of wire mesh and geogrids, serving as primary and secondary reinforcement materials, respectively. The results indicate that fill 1, with low shear strength and stiffness, induces excessive lateral displacement and was unstable, making it unsuitable for RFS applications. In contrast, Fill 2 and Fill 3 achieve Eurocode-based safety factors of 1.12 and 1.19, respectively, while significantly reducing horizontal displacement. The long-term creep deformation analysis of geogrid in the case of fill 1 exceeds the prescribed serviceability strain limit threshold, while in the cases of fill 2 and fill 3, it conforms to the serviceability strain limit, which indicates effective mobilization of tensile resistance without excessive elongation. Finally, an analysis was conducted to optimize the geogrid length and to see its impact on cost and performance. The results revealed up to a 29% cost reduction while ensuring performance criteria. These findings validate lime-stabilized onsite fill and recycled C&D waste as viable, cost-effective alternatives to conventional granular backfill, ensuring not only stability and serviceability but also the long-term performance of geogrids in RFSs.

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Wire Laser Additive Manufactured Deposits and Their Tungsten Inert Gas Welds.

Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) alloy is widely utilized in the aerospace industry due to its high strength, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, and cryogenic properties. However, its high raw material costs and machining difficulties necessitate the development of efficient manufacturing processes. This study evaluates the mechanical reliability and microstructure of Ti64 components fabricated using wire laser additive manufacturing (WLAM) and subsequently joined via tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. The WLAM process produces refined microstructures with superior mechanical properties by minimizing defects; however, insufficient process optimization may result in a lack of fusion (LOF) and porosity. Microstructural analysis revealed that the WLAM deposits exhibited a fine basket-weave α structure with an average α-lath width of 1.27 ± 0.69 μm, while the TIG-welded region exhibited a coarsened α-lath, reaching 3.02 ± 2.06 μm, which led to a reduction in ductility. Tensile testing demonstrated that the WLAM deposits exhibited superior mechanical properties, with a yield strength of 910 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 1015 MPa, and elongation of 12.8%, outperforming conventional wrought Ti64 alloys. Conversely, the TIG-welded joints exhibited reduced mechanical properties, with a yield strength of 812 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 917 MPa, and elongation of 7.5%, primarily attributed to microstructural coarsening in the weld region. The findings of this study confirm that WLAM enhances the mechanical properties of Ti64, whereas TIG welding may introduce structural weaknesses. This research provides insight into the microstructural evolution and mechanical behavior of WLAM-fabricated Ti64 components, with valuable implications for their application in aerospace structures.

Study of Impact Behavior of Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Aluminum Composite Sandwich Panels at Constant Energy Levels

In this investigation, we assessed the potential of aluminum composite panels (ACPs) in sustainable engineering applications, focusing on the effects of different glass fiber weights on impact resistance and energy absorption capacity. Aluminum composite panels are an attractive option for sustainable applications due to their lightweight and high-strength properties. In this study, low-velocity impact tests were conducted on panels with glass fiber weights of 200 g/m2 and 400 g/m2 and equal numbers of fiber layers. The tests were performed using a constant impact energy of 55 joules, and the force–time, force–displacement, energy–time, and energy–displacement behaviors of ACP, 200 ACP, and 400 ACP samples were analyzed. The results showed that the 400 ACP samples exhibited the highest impact strength, the highest energy absorption capacity, and the least damage. In contrast, the other two samples showed lower impact resistance and exhibited fiber breaks, delaminations, and core material damage on their surfaces. The different glass fiber weights used in this study contributed to increases in the impact resistance and energy absorption capacity. Positive correlations were found between the glass fiber weight, layer thickness, and impact strength. These findings provide new insights into how composite materials can be designed to optimize mechanical properties by adjusting the fiber weights in coatings. These results also offer valuable information for the development of next-generation materials used in various sustainable engineering fields, such as automotive engineering and vehicle technology.

Experimental Study on Bending Behaviors of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Hollow-Core Slabs

Ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) has the characteristics of high strength, toughness, and excellent crack resistance. In order to fully utilize the high-strength properties of UHPFRC and reduce the structural weight and construction cost, solid slabs can be fabricated into hollow-core slabs or composite sandwich slabs. In order to further analyze the mechanical properties and mechanism of action of UHPFRC hollow-core slabs, one solid slab and two hollow-core slabs with the same geometric dimensions, reinforcement, and steel fiber volume content are designed in this paper, and their stress performance under a static load was investigated using a four-point bending test. The research results show that the UHPFRC hollow-core slab is anisotropic, and the bending stiffness of the section with parallel, distributed tubes is slightly smaller than that of the solid slab. The addition of steel fibers can greatly limit the development of cracks on a slab surface, so the elastic limit of a UHPFRC hollow slab is higher than that of a conventional concrete hollow slab. The whole bending process is roughly divided into the elastic stage, the elastic–plastic stage, and the plastic stage; the crack development process on the bottom of the slab can be classified into the cracking stage, the stable crack development stage, and the rapid propagation stage. In the elastic stage, the cross-sectional deformation of the UHPFRC hollow-core slab in the bending process still satisfies the assumption of a flat section. A row of parallel, round tubes on the neutral axis has a little effect on the cracking load, bearing capacity, and deformation capacity of the UHPFRC slab. By conducting the comparative analysis of the hollow rate and bearing capacity, when the hollow rate reaches 13.57%, the comprehensive weight of the solid slab is reduced by 13.16%, the cracking moment is slightly reduced, and the ultimate load is only reduced by 8.78%. Under the premise of meeting the bearing capacity, the hollow rate of the UHPFRC hollow-core slab can be appropriately increased to save money and energy.

Transparent, flexible, and glycerol-free TEMPO-oxidized starch/montmorillonite nanocomposites with high mechanical strength and high anti-UV properties

Transparent, flexible, and glycerol-free TEMPO-oxidized starch/montmorillonite nanocomposites with high mechanical strength and high anti-UV properties

The Preparation of BFS/FA-Based Geopolymers with High Compressive Strength and Anti-corrosion Property to Chloride

The Preparation of BFS/FA-Based Geopolymers with High Compressive Strength and Anti-corrosion Property to Chloride

Structural diversity and electronic properties of neodymium borides under high pressure

Rare earth (RE) borides have garnered significant attention due to their high mechanical strength, superconductivity, and novel electronic properties. In this study, we systematically investigate the structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of RE neodymium borides across a wide range of pressures. Various stoichiometries of Nd-B compounds are predicted using the unbiased CALYPSO structure search method and density functional theory calculations. Our findings indicate that the newly predicted NdB5, NdB7, and NdB8compounds are thermodynamically and mechanically stable at high pressures. Detailed analyses of the electronic band structure and density of states reveal that all neodymium borides exhibit metallic behaviour. The hardness of the stable phases has been evaluated using an empirical model. Notably, NdB5compound could also be dynamically and mechanically stable at ambient pressure with an estimated hardness of approximately 24.82 GPa, suggesting that NdB5is a potential hard metal boride. Our results provide valuable insights into the structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of Nd-B compounds, enhancing our understanding of their potential applications in various fields.

Drilling Performance and Surface Integrity of Hardened 42CrMo Steel in Clean Ultrasonic Vibration Hybrid Drilling Process

42CrMo steel has high strength, good toughness, and other excellent mechanical properties, making it the preferred material for gear, drive shaft, and other key components. However, after heat treatment of such materials, there will still be serious machining problems during the drilling process. Herein, the clean ultrasonic vibration hybrid drilling process, which combines ultrasonic vibration technology with clean cutting technology (using media such as dry, liquid nitrogen (LN2), cold air, and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL)), is used to investigate the drilling performance and surface integrity of 42CrMo steel. The results show that both cutting force and cutting temperature are reduced under low temperature and MQL conditions compared to dry conditions. At the same time, a notable extension of tool life is obtained under these drilling conditions. MQL demonstrates effective cooling and lubrication properties, enhancing the chip‐breaking ability of ultrasonic vibration. In comparison to ultrasonic‐assisted drilling (UAD) (dry) conditions, the surface roughness under UAD (MQL) conditions is decreased by 45%, while the maximum microhardness is increased by 13%. The drilling accuracy is significantly improved. Consequently, UAD (MQL) can remarkably improve the hard drilling performance and surface integrity of 42CrMo steel.

Friction Stir Welding in Aircraft Structures: Current and Future Prospects

Friction stir welding (FSW) has significant potential to enhance the efficiency of air transportation systems; however, determining and applying its parameters continues to pose challenges. This article review explores current and future challenges, trends, and practices that facilitate the integration of competitive production into new aircraft structure joints. An overview of friction stir welding techniques used for the design and manufacture of aircraft structures are presented, focusing on product optimization through lightweight and high-strength properties. The implementation of various design solutions and advanced manufacturing technologies can enhance metallic fuselage systems’ performance without compromising risk and cost. The paper presents examples of successfully addressed challenges and those driving the development of new practices, design solutions, methods, and tools. Ultimately, aircraft structure joints become more integrated when systems engineering approaches are linked with various design solutions and advanced manufacturing technologies (e.g., Vertical Compensation Friction Stir Welding) in a reusable manner, balancing product performance and producibility. Nevertheless, the field remains in active development, posing challenges for research, development, and practice.

High Strength, High Barrier Polymeric Packaging Film Based on Multilayered Structure

ABSTRACTPolyolefins have attracted considerable attention as packaging materials because of their outstanding light weight, flexibility, strength, transparency, and facile processability. However, because of their high permeability, polyolefins were usually used with high barrier material (i.e., ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), nylon, polyvinylidene dichloride) for packaging applications, resulting limited recycling of packaging films. Herein, we manufacture high strength, high barrier linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) films with a limited amount of EVOH using co‐extruder with layer multiplier. To achieve high barrier and high strength property, structures of films were carefully designed to have 1, 2, 4, 8 layers of EVOH while maintaining the overall thickness of EVOH and LLDPE. The oxygen permeability of multilayer films was significantly decreased from 0.1 to 0.01 cc/m2·day·atm when the films have eight layers of EVOH. In addition, the mechanical properties of multilayer films, such as elongation and toughness, were improved as decrease the thickness of each EVOH layer. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was conducted to confirm that O2 was stagnant between the LLDPE and EVOH interfaces.

Preparation of composite membranes with high tensile strength and antibacterial properties based on Ag-nanoparticles deposition on bacterial cellulose/apocynum venetum

Preparation of composite membranes with high tensile strength and antibacterial properties based on Ag-nanoparticles deposition on bacterial cellulose/apocynum venetum

Impact of vanadium (V) content on in-situ oxidation, high temperature mechanical strength and tribological properties of Al0.5CrFeNiVx high entropy alloys

Impact of vanadium (V) content on in-situ oxidation, high temperature mechanical strength and tribological properties of Al0.5CrFeNiVx high entropy alloys

Recent Advances in Functionalization of Graphene Oxide and Its Role in Catalytic Organic Transformations: A Comprehensive Review (2018–2024)

AbstractHeterogeneous catalysis has become a key methodology for the sustainable synthesis of organic reactions and heterocyclic compounds. Among various catalysts, graphene oxide (GO) and its functionalized graphene oxide derivatives (fGO) stand out due to their high surface area, mechanical strength, and tunable electronic properties. This review provides a detailed overview of the role of GO in catalysis, emphasizing its structural features, functionalization strategies, and catalytic applications. Specific reactions such as oxidation, reduction, esterification, and heterocyclic synthesis are discussed, with a focus on the superior performance of functionalized graphene oxide (fGO). Challenges like stability and aggregation are explored, alongside potential solutions through chemical, thermal, and electrochemical functionalization. The review also examines future directions, highlighting graphene oxide (GO's) versatility and emerging applications in energy storage, sensors, and biomedical devices. By summarizing current advancements and addressing ongoing challenges, this review underscores the potential of fGO to revolutionize catalytic processes and contribute to sustainable chemistry.