High Strength Gel Research Articles

Gas channeling control during CO2 immiscible flooding in 3D radial flow model with complex fractures and heterogeneity

Fractures and heterogeneity commonly exist in ultra-low permeability reservoirs, which will cause serious gas channeling phenomena and lead to poor oil recovery during CO2immiscible flooding. CO2water alternating gas (WAG) flooding combined with gas channeling control treatments are recognized as effective approaches to enlarge the sweep efficiency of CO2. Performance of gel systems were evaluated to screen out a high-strength gel which can be utilized as fracture blocking agent. Then, performance of small molecule amines were evaluated to screen out a kind of small molecule amine which can be utilized as rock-matrix blocking agent. Performance evaluation results showed that high-strength gel with 8% modified starch + acrylic amide, 0.05% crosslinking agent, 0.15% initiator and 0.15% stabilizer could be served as fracture blocking agent, while etheylenediamine was proposed as rock-matrix blocking agent which could react with CO2 and generate solid particles to improve the heterogeneity of the reservoirs.To examine gas channeling control effect in actual reservoir conditions, a 3D radial flow model with complex fractures and heterogeneity was designed according to the actual oilfield, and five-spot pattern was employed in the model. Waterflooding, continuous CO2 flooding, and gas channeling control using high-strength gel, etheylenediamine and CO2 WAG flooding were conducted successively in the 3D radial flow model. After a series of treatments, the oil recovery was enhanced by 15.09%, which was significant for CO2 immiscible flooding in the field application. The gas channeling along major fracture and microfractures of the model was effectively controlled by high-strength gel, while fluid diversion could occurred after ethylenediamine injection due to the solid particles which could mitigate gas channeling along relatively high permeability areas of the rock-matrix, and the gas channeling phenomena can be further mitigated by the mobility control ability of CO2 WAG flooding.

山形大学工学部SWEL 研究グループ ～3D ゲルプリンターの開発と高強度ゲルの機械応用を中心に～

山形大学工学部SWEL 研究グループ ～3D ゲルプリンターの開発と高強度ゲルの機械応用を中心に～

CARRAGEENAN AS BINDER IN THE FRUIT LEATHER PRODUCTION

Research on the production of mango fruit leather with the addition of carrageenan as the binder has been conducted. The fruit leather production process needs ripe and fresh mango. Carrageenan which was used as the binder was produced from the extraction of seaweed Eucheuma cottonii. The concentrations of carrageenan that used were 0%, 0,2%, 0,4% and 0,6% by using gelatin as a comparison. The fruit leather ingredients are puree mango, sugar, sorbitol, and carrageenan. The analysis was conducted to the carrageenan as the binder and the fruit leather as a product. The parameters which were analyzed were moisture content, ash content, acid insoluble ash content and gel strength. The mango fruit leather was analized in terms of moisture content, water activity (Aw), organoleptic hedonic test and hedonic quality. The result showed that carrageenan had a fairly high strength gel 1322 g /cm2. Based on the result of the organoleptic test, the panelist prefer fruit leather made from puree mango with formula of puree mango : carrageenan : sorbitol is 90% : 0.2% : 9.8%. Mango fruit leather was designed in the form of thin elastic sheet with moisture content 24.39% dan Aw 0,62. Keywords: Carrageenan, fruit leather, mango, binder

Development of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer as Erosion Mitigation Coating

Loss of durability of concrete materials in sewage and chemical treatment facilities exposed to acidic environments is a key issue that affects the life cycle performance. Applications of organic coating such as epoxy and acrylic usually covers the concrete surface by physical addition normally failed to act as an effective coating due to debonding when the organic coating absorbs water. In this work, geopolymer was used as alternative material for concrete coating. Preparation of geopolymer involved fly ash, a materials containing high aluminosilicate and calcium mixed with various concentrations (6, 8 and 12M) of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Subsequently, all samples were tested and analysed through compressive strength test and gel time. Geopolymers synthesised from 12M NaOH concentration exhibited high compressive strength and low gel time, hence was chosen as a coating for the concretes for the erosion evaluation. Results show that, concretes coated with geopolymers yielded low percentage of mass loss compared to the uncoated concretes. This suggest that geopolymers has high potential to be used as erosion mitigation coating to prevent the concretes from degrading due to the acidic environment.

High-strength gel actuator driven by a photothermal effect

Highly stretchable hydrogel shows actuation behaviour upon irradiation of infrared (IR) light. The photothermal effect induced by heat from IR absorption causes cooperative change in the network alignments in the stretched sample.

3Dデザイナブルゲルが加速する和風メイカーズ革命

3D gel printer for manufacturing high-strength gel materials was developed. For innovation of gel-like materials,the development of manufacturing method for gels will be quite important. It is why the 3D gel printer was developed,which makes gel materials 3D-designable. Once the method will be digitalized, the application variety of gel materials will be expanded and accelerated enormously. The 3D-printed foods were proposed by local companies and citizens in Yonezawa City with the collaboration of research groups in other universities under the Center of Innovation (COI) projects of the MEXT. A local fabrication space is being made in the Yonezawa Station, named EkiFab. It will be a kind of Japanese-style makers revolution, started in a local city in Japan.

Development and Evaluation of a High-Strength and Anti-High Temperature Pre-Crosslinking Gel

There are many kinds of pre-crosslinking gel being used at present, but their high temperature resisting performance are poor. The general temperature resisting capacity is only about 120°C. Aiming at the poor resistance to high temperature of current pre-crosslinking gel , an anti-high temperature pre-crosslinking polymer gel is developed in this paper. Experimental results show that this product has appropriate swelling ability, better anti-extruding strength, better deformability and elasticity. The temperature resisting capacity in freshwater can reach as high as 150°C,and it still has comparatively higher strength after high temperature treatment.

118 高強度ゲルを用いたソフト&ウェットアクチュエータの開発(材料力学I,一般講演)

118 高強度ゲルを用いたソフト&ウェットアクチュエータの開発(材料力学I,一般講演)

128 二次電池用高強度ゲルマトリックスの開発(材料力学I,一般講演)

128 二次電池用高強度ゲルマトリックスの開発(材料力学I,一般講演)

Elastic−Hydrodynamic Transition of Gel Friction

We report the surface sliding friction of a high strength gel against a glass substrate under a normal pressure range of 0.01-2.5 MPa. The friction of the gel swollen with different viscous solvents is investigated over a wide velocity range. A velocity-viscosity conversion relationship is established. From the velocity-viscosity conversion relationship, a master curve that is characteristic to the elastic-hydrodynamic transition is observed. The results indicate that the adsorption model proposed by our previous work is valid even under a pressure up to MPa orders, which is the order of pressure that a cartilage sustains in the articular joints.

Drying and sintering of bulk silica gels

Over the last few years, the feasibility of fabricating near net shape silica glass components, using a sub-critical drying process for pure alkoxide gels, has been demonstrated in our laboratories. Cracking during drying, due to capillary forces generated in the gel body, was overcome through two particular innovations. The first was the development and optimization of a dual-catalyzed high strength gel. The second was a controlled atmosphere drying process that allowed the gel to dry utilizing a newly observed phenomenology, postulated to be due to cavitation of the pore fluid. Contrary to conventional wisdom, in this drying approach the smallest pore size gels are the easiest to dry. Details of the types of gels and the drying process are reported. Gels of small size were sintered into crack-free glasses, utilizing conventional sintering approaches. However, large size gels always developed visible surface cracks that formed above 800°C. To successfully dry and sinter large monolithic gels then required re-optimization of the entire process. A great number of micron-range defects were initially detected in these sintered bodies. After analyzing the defects, further steps were taken to improve glass quality to the level of optical glass produced by vapor deposition processes. This included mixing and filtering of sols in a clean room, varying the pore size distribution, and optimizing the pre-sintering and sintering processes. Data of relevant glass quality parameters attained so far in the laboratory are reported.

A third form for the major glycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane in sodium lodecyl sulfate: Electrophoresis as band PAS-4 and high ionic strength

Summary A third form for the major glycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane in SDS is described. At ionic strengths greater than 0.25 both PAS-1 and PAS-2 are converted almost quantitatively into a form which migrates in SDS-polyacrylamide gels with a mobility intermediate between them in the position usually associated with PAS-4. This conversion is reversed by reduction of the ionic strength. A novel feature of the conversion to this third form is that it is observed to take place during electrophoresis on a high ionic strength gel, although loaded on the gel in a low ionic strength solubilizing solution. Models for the three forms of this glycoprotein in SDS are proposed.