High-strength Corrosion-resistant Steel Research Articles

Electrochemical Characteristics and Corrosion Mechanisms of High-Strength Corrosion-Resistant Steel Reinforcement under Simulated Service Conditions

Long-term steel reinforcement corrosion greatly impacts reinforced concrete structures, particularly in marine and coastal settings. Concrete failure leads to human casualties, requiring extensive demolition and maintenance, which represents an inefficient use of energy and resources. This study utilizes microscopic observation, atomic force microscopy (SKPM), electrochemical experiments, and XPS analysis to investigate the corrosion behavior of 500CE and 500E under identical conditions. We compared 500E with 500CE, supplemented with 0.94% Cr, 0.46% Mo, 0.37% Ni, and 0.51% Cu through alloying element regulation to obtain a finer ferrite grain and lower pearlitic content. The results indicate that 500CE maintains a stable potential, whereas 500E exhibits larger grain sizes and significant surface potential fluctuations, which may predispose it to corrosion. In addition, despite its more uniform microstructure and stable electrochemical activity, 500E shows inferior corrosion resistance under prolonged exposure. The electrochemical corrosion rate of 500CE in both the pristine and passivated states and for various passivation durations is slower than that of 500E, indicating superior corrosion performance. Notably, there is a significant increase in the corrosion rate of 500E after 144 h of exposure. This study provides valuable insights into the chloride corrosion phenomena of low-alloy corrosion-resistant steel reinforcement in service, potentially enhancing the longevity of reinforced concrete structures.

Fasteners made of new nitrogen-containing corrosion-resistant 05X16Н5АБ steel for highly loaded parts as an import substitution strategy

The properties of fasteners made of new high-strength corrosion-resistant steel of the martensitic class 05Kh16N5AB are considered, including in comparison with the properties of fasteners made of other steels used as highstrength or corrosion-resistant steels. The high fatigue strength of steel and the tensile strength of fasteners up to 1600 MPa ensure its durability and the possibility of a significant reduction in the cross section and weight of products. The results of corrosion tests of fasteners are given. Full-scale semi-annual tests in an atmosphere with potassium salts confirmed that it can be used without applying protective anti-corrosion coatings. Fasteners fit into the import substitution strategy, and are promising for use, including in the systems of railway transport and the aviation industry. Keywords: 05Х16Н5АБ steel, fasteners, martensite, nitrogen, heat treatment, strength, corrosion resistance, durability. mvkst@yandex.ru, vorobiev1937@yandex.ru

Effect of Heat Treatment Parameters on Microstructure and Properties of High-Strength Corrosion-Resistant Steels with Super-Equilibrium Nitrogen Content

Effect of Heat Treatment Parameters on Microstructure and Properties of High-Strength Corrosion-Resistant Steels with Super-Equilibrium Nitrogen Content

High Strength Corrosion Resistant Steel for Aircraft Landing Gears and Structures

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">High stressed aircraft landing gear and structural components are subjected to severe loading, corrosion and adverse environmental conditions. Materials such as high strength steels and high-strength titanium alloys are widely used for those critical components. The main criterions for choosing the materials are their strength and fatigue strength, toughness and ductility.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">300M steel is widely used for high stress aircraft landing gears and structures; however, this steel is not corrosion-resistant and requires protective coatings.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Cobalt-free, quenched and tempered high strength corrosion resistant steel alloy (“HSCR steel”) provides the same strength, ductility, and toughness as the 300M steel and while it possesses corrosion resistance in salt spray test. HSCR steel has showed no rust after the standard salt spray test in accordance with ASTM B117 using a 5% NaCl concentration, natural pH, at 95°F, for 200 hours test duration.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Aircraft applications of the wrought HSCR steel include landing gear components, rotatable shafts, actuators, flap tracks, slat tracks, fasteners, and others.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Besides forging, the aircraft components can be manufactured from HSCR steel powders by:<ul class="list disc"><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Powder metallurgical-based hot isostatic pressing (PM HIP) to the near net shapes</div></li></ul></div><div class="htmlview paragraph">(NNS) followed by finish machining/surface finishing and heat treatment<ul class="list disc"><li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Additive manufacturing (AM) followed by surface finishing and heat treatment.</div></li></ul></div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Modification of the HSCR steel is applicable for vacuum and investment casting of aircraft hydraulic fluid system, motion control and actuation system, cargo system, and flight safety components.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">HSCR steel is a low cost alternative of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The components made from Ti- 6Al-4V alloy can be substituted by the same weight components made from HSCR steel due to HSCR steel possesses slightly higher specific stiffness and specific strength (ratio of modulus elasticity and ultimate tensile strength to density) and slightly lower ductility and toughness compared to Ti-6Al-4V alloy.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Industrial production of HSCR steel is underway.</div></div>

Low activation materials of transport packaging sets

One of the tools for ensuring nuclear safety during the transportation of spent nuclear fuel is the creation of a high-strength transport container that effectively absorbs radioactive radiation from fission products. This raises the problem of creating appropriate structural materials. In this regard, it seems very promising to use a metal absorbing coating on high-strength corrosion-resistant steel, which is well mastered by the industry. However, ensuring the effectiveness of such a coating is possible only at a high concentration of neutron-absorbing elements in the cladding layer. One way to reduce the induced radioactivity of packaging sets is to use low-activated ferritic-martensitic steels such as EP450 (12Kh13M2BFR), EP823 (16Kh12SMVFBR) and 16Kh12V2FTaR. These steels have shown a high level of serviceability as structural materials for fuel element cladding and RBN fuel assemblies (BN-600, BN-350, BOR-60, etc.). Currently, a promising direction is the laser coating on the surface of transport packaging complexes. This paper explores the method of protection transport packaging sets against neutron radiation by laser surfacing of metallic powder.

Low activation materials of transport packaging sets

One of the tools for ensuring nuclear safety during the transportation of spent nuclear fuel is the creation of a high-strength transport container that effectively absorbs radioactive radiation from fission products. This raises the problem of creating appropriate structural materials. In this regard, it seems very promising to use a metal absorbing coating on high-strength corrosion-resistant steel, which is well mastered by the industry. However, ensuring the effectiveness of such a coating is possible only at a high concentration of neutron-absorbing elements in the cladding layer. One way to reduce the induced radioactivity of packaging sets is to use low-activated ferritic-martensitic steels such as EP450 (12Kh13M2BFR), EP823 (16Kh12SMVFBR) and 16Kh12V2FTaR. These steels have shown a high level of serviceability as structural materials for fuel element cladding and RBN fuel assemblies (BN-600, BN-350, BOR-60, etc.). Currently, a promising direction is the laser coating on the surface of transport packaging complexes. This paper explores the method of protection transport packaging sets against neutron radiation by laser surfacing of metallic powder.

Effect of nonmetallic inclusions morphology on destruction of a perspective high strength corrosion-resistant steel 04Х20Н6Г11М2АФБ

Alloying by nitrogen imparts to a steel high strength, viscosity, corrosion resistance and enables to save expensive alloying elements. As a result of theoretical and experimental studies carried out last decades, the problems of composition optimization, plastic deformation and thermomechanical treatment were solved as a whole. The solutions were used at elaboration of new perspective high strength corrosion-resistant steels, in particular, of steel 04 Х 20 Н 6 Г 11 М 2 АФБ . The items of comprehensive hardening of nitrogen-bearing steel of the mentioned composition for plates production were studied quite well. Effect of grain and subgrain metal structure, recrystallization, morphology of secondary phases, their composition and other factors on mechanical and corrosion properties of the steel were studied earlier. However, there are practically no studies dealing with morphology, chemical composition, sulphide and oxide nonmetallic inclusions distribution, evaluation of their influence on deformability and properties of high strength nitrogen-bearing steels, including properties in Z-direction. The aim of this study was revelation of dependence of the steel destruction character at rupture on the type and morphology of nonmetallic inclusions. Study of morphology, chemical composition, sulphide and oxide nonmetallic inclusions distribution density was carried out, as well as evaluation of their influence on properties of hot-rolled sheet, made of experiment high strength steel 04 Х 20 Н 6 Г 11 М 2 АФБ . It was determined, that nonmetallic inclusions of oxides, sulphides and nitrides can locate in a plane, parallel to Z-direction in both ways: evenly and forming stitches, at that one stitch can contain particles of various types. Comparatively low level of plasticity in Z-direction is stipulated both by general contamination of the metal by oxide inclusions and by stitch morphology of accumulation of nonmetallic inclusions of various types. It was shown, that at comparatively low density of nonmetallic inclusions stitches, their length plays the main role in the plasticity decrease in Z direction. In case of many stitch accumulations, the distance between them begins to play the leading role.

Development and Study of High-Strength Corrosion-Resistant Steel for Bearing Components

The chemical composition of high-strength corrosion-resistant steel of the martensitic class with an ultra- high nitrogen content is developed. Regimes for melting and electroslag remelting under pressure and hot deformation regimes are developed for this steel. Different heat treatment regimes providing the required hardness (durability) after annealing and after hardening heat treatment are investigated. Steel microstructure after different heat treatment regimes is studied.

Evolution of ultrafine precipitates and its influence on wear mechanism in cryoprocessed high nitrogen martensitic steel

ABSTRACTDevelopment of the space engines with liquid propellants necessitates the use of bearings of high quality. During recent years, a new family of high strength corrosion resistant steels, with partial replacement of carbon by nitrogen, known as high nitrogen steels were developed having higher impact strength and fracture toughness coupled with high hardness for antifriction bearing of cryopumps in rocket. In this research work, wear characteristics of cryogenically treated high nitrogen martensitic stainless steels were investigated by Pin-on-disc wear testing machine. After conventional hardening treatment, specimens were subjected to cryogenic treatment at −196°C with cryosoaking period varying from 8 to 32 h in the interval of 8 h followed by soft tempering. These specimens were analysed for hardness, wear resistance, subsurface and worn surface features by SEM. It is established that there is a profound influence of nucleation and growth of precipitates on the wear behaviour and the underlying wear mechanisms.

ВЛИЯНИЕ РЕЖИМОВ ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНОЙ ТЕРМОМЕХАНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ НА СТРУКТУРУ И СВОЙСТВА ВЫСОКОПРОЧНОЙ КОРРОЗИОННОСТОЙКОЙ СТАЛИ АУСТЕНИТО-МАРТЕНСИТНОГО КЛАССА 17Х13Н4К6САМ3ч

ВЛИЯНИЕ РЕЖИМОВ ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНОЙ ТЕРМОМЕХАНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ НА СТРУКТУРУ И СВОЙСТВА ВЫСОКОПРОЧНОЙ КОРРОЗИОННОСТОЙКОЙ СТАЛИ АУСТЕНИТО-МАРТЕНСИТНОГО КЛАССА 17Х13Н4К6САМ3ч

ВЛИЯНИЕ РЕЖИМОВ ОТЖИГА НА СКЛОННОСТЬ К ХРУПКИМ РАЗРУШЕНИЯМ КРУПНОГАБАРИТНЫХ ПОКОВОК ИЗ ВЫСОКОПРОЧНОЙ КОРРОЗИОННОСТОЙКОЙ СТАЛИ 18Х13Н4К4С2АМ3

ВЛИЯНИЕ РЕЖИМОВ ОТЖИГА НА СКЛОННОСТЬ К ХРУПКИМ РАЗРУШЕНИЯМ КРУПНОГАБАРИТНЫХ ПОКОВОК ИЗ ВЫСОКОПРОЧНОЙ КОРРОЗИОННОСТОЙКОЙ СТАЛИ 18Х13Н4К4С2АМ3

High-strength economically alloyed corrosion-resistant steels with the structure of nitrogen martensite

The use of nitrogen as the main alloying element allowing one both to increase the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of steels and to improve their processability is a new trend in physical metallurgy of high-strength corrosion resistant steels. The principles of alloying, which are developed for high-nitrogen steel in IMET RAS, ensure the formation of the structure, which contains predetermined amounts of martensite (70-80%) and austenite (20-30%) and is free from δ-ferrite, σ-phase, and Cr23C6 carbide. These principles were used as the base for the creation of new high-strength corrosion-resistant weldable and deformable 0Kh16AN5B, 06Kh16AN4FD, 08Kh14AN4MDB, 09Kh16AN3MF, 27Kh15AN3MD2, 40Kh13AN3M2, and 19Kh14AMB steels, which are operative at temperatures ranging from - 70 to 400°C. The developed nitrogen-containing steels compared with similar carbon steels are characterized by a higher resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion and are resistant to stress corrosion cracking. The new steels successfully passed trial tests as heavy duty articles.

Surface Quality Multicriteria Optimization of Flat Parts from 06Cr14Ni6Cu2MoVaTi-SH Steel While Grinding by Varigrain High Porosity CBN Wheels

The grinding of flat parts from 06Cr14Ni6Cu2MoVaTi-SH high-strength corrosion-resistant steel was made by the highly porous wheel (HPW) of CBN30 (B76, B107, B126, V151) 100 OVK27-KF40 (GOST R 53922-2010, GOST R 53923-2010). As input variables for fuzzy logic modeling in the Matlab the following description of the surface quality is chosen: the microrelief parameters (GOST 25142-82) - Ra1, Rmax1 in the cross-feed direction, Sm2 in the length feed direction, flatness deviation (GOST 24642-81) are introduced with the EFEmax, EFEa and EFEq; microhardness HV. Every parameter at the model input is presented with position measures (medians) and scattering measures (quartile latitude). The Matlab modeling has shown that the best quality of the part surfaces is provided with HPW CBN30 B151 during the multicriteria optimization.

FUNDAMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS AS THE BASIS OF CREATION OF NEW MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES IN METALLURGY. PART 1

The article provides an overview developed by the scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences, on the basis of fundamental research of new metallic and ceramic materials and technologies, including new nitrogen-containing high-strength corrosion-resistant steels, heat-resistant lightweight alloys and composites based on intermetallides; modifi ers for wheel steels, complex V-, Cr-, Ni-containing ferroalloys; anti-corrosion protective coatings based on ultrathin Zn powders; catalytic converters of exhaust gases of vehicles; magnetically hard materials with high thermal and temporal stability and mechanical characteristics; nanostructural stents for endovascular operations in a sparing mode; corrosion – and wear-resistant coatings and method of their plasma spraying. The methods were developed for: longitudinal rolling with macroshift deformation (to improve the properties of sheet rolling); recycling of oiled scale; control of the lining deterioration at any point in the blast-furnace hearth. The monitoring methods for the integrity of rail steels by inclusions were carried out. The paper includes the developed processes and technologies of: special electrometallurgy to produce the steel for the power industry; synthesis of the massive single-crystalline samples of nitrides of transition metals, nanopowders of W, Pt, Ti and Ti carbides and nitrides; processing of Yarega fi eld leucoxene concentrates; production of titanium implants with porous coatings; metallic fraction and powders of ferrous and non-ferrous metals; ultrafi ne Zn powders; recycling of metallurgical wastes with the extraction of Zn, Sb, Sn, Fe; obtaining agglomerated nanocrystalline powders of Ta for capacitors; processing of sulphide Mo-containing raw materials and obtaining of rare earth metals, MoO3 , CaMoO4 and utilization of sulfur dioxide. The authors described the created injection installations and their application technologies; high-performance system for plasma spraying of metals, including paint coatings, plastics, cardboard. There were obtained the data on thermodynamic functions of the reaction of dissolution of oxygen in Fe-based molts and of the interaction reactions of dissolved in these molts elements (Cr, Mn, Nb, V, Si, B, C, Ti, Zr, Al) with oxygen.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНОЙ ТЕРМОМЕХАНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ НА СТРУКТУРУ И СВОЙСТВА ВЫСОКОПРОЧНОЙ КОРРОЗИОННОСТОЙКОЙ СТАЛИ МАРКИ 17Х13Н4К6САМ3ч

ВЛИЯНИЕ ВЫСОКОТЕМПЕРАТУРНОЙ ТЕРМОМЕХАНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ НА СТРУКТУРУ И СВОЙСТВА ВЫСОКОПРОЧНОЙ КОРРОЗИОННОСТОЙКОЙ СТАЛИ МАРКИ 17Х13Н4К6САМ3ч

A Study and Development of High-Strength Corrosion-Resistant Steels with Controlled Martensitic Transformation for Cryogenic Engineering

High-strength corrosion-resistant steels with controlled martensitic transformation developed at the V. P. Glushko Energomash Research and Production Association, are studied. The main principles of their alloying and heat treatment are described. The advantages and prospects of the use of the new steels for making elastic metallic seals and soldered and welded units of liquid-propellant engines with cryogenic fuel components are presented.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ ВЫСОКОПРОЧНЫЕ КОРРОЗИОННОСТОЙКИЕ СТАЛИ, ЛЕГИРОВАННЫЕ АЗОТОМ (СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ)

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ ВЫСОКОПРОЧНЫЕ КОРРОЗИОННОСТОЙКИЕ СТАЛИ, ЛЕГИРОВАННЫЕ АЗОТОМ (СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ)

Effect of elastoplastic deformation on the structure and magnetic properties of high-strength corrosion-resistant austenitic steel of type 03Kh20AG11N7M2

The influence of heat treatment modes (hardening and aging) and uniaxial tension on the structure and magnetic properties of carbonless high-strength corrosion-resistant steel 03Kh20AG11N7M2 containing 0.4% N and having a structure of austenite + 10% 0-ferrite is studied. The coercive force, the residual induction, and the magnetization of a specimen in a maximum applied field are detected under the action of a load over the whole of the stress – strain curve until the formation of a neck. The magnetization and the coercive force of the steel increase under the action of plastic deformation. The deformation behavior of the magnetic characteristics is discussed with allowance for the special features of the structural state of the material.

Production of sheet rolled products made of a nitrogen-bearing high-strength corrosion-resistant steel using electroslag remelting

A commercial electroslag remelting process is designed for the production of nitrogen-bearing steel. This process is shown to make a high-quality sheet product with higher strength characteristics and impact toughness as compared to rolled products of the nitrogen-bearing steel melted in an open electric arc furnace.

A physical concept for alloying steels with carbon + nitrogen

A new physical concept for alloying austenitic and martensitic steels with carbon + nitrogen is proposed based on studies of the electron structure, atomic distribution and thermodynamic stability. It is shown that the C + N-enhanced metallic character of interatomic bonds can be used for the development of high-strength corrosion-resistant steels of highest fracture energy. Mechanical and corrosive properties of the steels developed are discussed.