Immobilized pigeon pea urease on chitosan-PEG biocomposite for concurrent urea sensing in milk and blood samples.

Antibody-free quantification of serum infliximab using LC-MS/MS.

Construction of a boric acid-functionalized MOF via metal-ligand-fragment coassembly for Stevia glycoside separation.

Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 5-(3-nitrophenyl)-N'-arylisoxazole-3-carbohydrazide derivatives against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacterbaumannii.

A novel molecularly imprinted 3D COF-based magnetic solid-phase extraction combined with UHPLC-MS/MS to detect trace residues of acyclovir, penciclovir and ganciclovir in animal-derived food.

Direct oxidation of methane (CH4) to methanol (CH3OH) typically requires elevated temperatures and pressures, making it challenging to achieve high yield and selectivity under mild conditions. Here, we show a surface plasmon-mediated catalyst designing strategy based on the synergy between Pd nanoparticles and ZnO nanosheets. When applied in a continuous gas-solid-liquid photocatalytic flow system at low temperature and ambient pressure, the optimized catalyst achieves a CH3OH productivity of 6584 μmol g-1 h-1, which is competitive with reported photocatalytic systems, along with selectivity of ~100% and sustained stability over 100 h. In-situ characterization and theoretical calculations indicate that plasmon-induced electron accumulation suppresses over-oxidation and promotes high CH3OH selectivity. This work offers a pathway to efficient, selective CH4 photo-oxidation using plasmonic catalyst design, supporting the sustainable utilization of solar energy.

The clinical diagnosis of heavy metal toxicity presents a formidable challenge, largely because of symptomatology, which is notoriously nonspecific and capable of mimicking a wide array of common medical conditions. The current diagnostic paradigm, which relies on measuring a single metal in response to specific clinical suspicion, is often inadequate. This approach fails to account for the complex, interconnected nature of the human metallome, in which the toxicity of 1 element is profoundly influenced by the status of others. Antagonistic and synergistic interactions between toxic and essential metals are fundamental to the pathophysiology of toxicity and are largely ignored in single-analyte testing. This narrative review argues for a paradigm shift from targeted measurements to comprehensive quantitative screening. We delineated the diagnostic difficulties due to nonspecific symptoms and how existing clinical guidelines focus on single-element action levels. We then present an intricate web of metal-metal interactions that render the current approach insufficient. The cornerstone of this argument is the maturation of analytical technology. Inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) has overcome the longstanding challenge of atomic and polyatomic interference in complex biological matrices owing to its high selectivity, enabling the development of robust, validated, and high-throughput multielement panels. By providing a holistic view of an individual's elemental profile, the metallomic footprint of their exposome, this approach offers a more complete and clinically relevant picture, capturing not only the toxicant but also the biological context in which it acts. We conclude that quantitative multielement screening is no longer a theoretical possibility but a practical necessity for clinical toxicology to enhance diagnostic accuracy and improve patient outcomes.

Achieving high thermodynamic selectivity in supramolecular assembly is highly desirable, as it simplifies synthesis and yields assemblies of enhanced stability. Heteroleptic assemblies─which can integrate diverse functionalities from different building blocks─have attracted growing interest, yet their selective construction under thermodynamic control remains challenging when using structurally similar ligands, due to the minimal energy differences among numerous possible species. We report a strategy that leverages intracavity noncovalent interactions to reshape the energy landscape and selectively stabilize a single thermodynamic product. Using Pd(II)-pyridine coordination, ligands featuring internal amide or carboxyl groups are designed to incorporate both steric and hydrogen-bonding functionalities. This enables high-fidelity assembly of a trans-Pd2A2B2 cage from a system that would otherwise yield a statistical mixture of nearly isoenergetic isomers. Two complementary interaction modes are identified: hydrogen bonding between opposing B ligands (B-B mode) or between adjacent A and B ligands (A-B mode). The target cage, characterized by NMR, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography, is selectively driven to the global energy minimum. This work establishes a robust design paradigm for achieving precise thermodynamic control in complex multicomponent systems, opening new avenues for the construction of functional supramolecular architectures.

A gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization of ene-ynamides bearing a propargyl carboxylate moiety has been developed, which involves a 1,2-migration of the alkene substituent as a key step. The method provides an efficient route for the synthesis of functionalized 2-acylquinolines, with high selectivity favoring 1,2-aryl migration over 1,2-H or -alkyl migration. In addition, the nature of the propargylic substituent has a significant effect on the reaction outcome. When an aryl substituent is present, 2-indenyl-substituted indole is formed via a cyclopropyl gold carbene intermediate, leading to cleavage of the C═C bond in the ene-ynamide substrate.

The electro-oxidation of ethylene to ethylene glycol (EG) offers a sustainable pathway for chemical manufacturing, but demands selective non-precious-metal (NPM) electrocatalysts. Here, we design and fabricate a class of arrayed Mn2O3 electrode, which shows a high EG selectivity in practically-favorable aqueous electrolytes among NPM catalysts. By screening various manganese oxides, we first pinpoint Mn2O3 to be the most selective to EG. Density functional theory calculations further reveal that the (111) facet facilitates the second OH* addition to *C2H4OH, the rate-limiting step toward EG. These fundamental findings motivate us to controllably synthesize the (111)-dominant Mn2O3 nanoarrays, which deliver a 52.6 % Faradaic efficiency for EG-the highest for NPM electrocatalysts in aqueous media. Electrochemical and operando spectral studies verify that stabilizing moderately oxidized Mn (III) state under operational anodic bias is essential to the high selectivity of EG. Our findings highlight the crucial role of Mn surface chemistry in steering alkene oxidation and advance the electrosynthesis of EG closer to practicability.

Abstract A hierarchically structured silver–alumina catalyst (Ag/AO‐SG) prepared by impregnation of meso‐/macroporous sol‐gel alumina was characterized by various temperature‐programmed methods and studied for selective catalytic reduction of NO x in the presence of ethanol (EtOH‐SCR‐DeNO x ). NH 3 ‐TPD and H 2 O‐TPD results indicated that the meso‐/macroporous Ag/AO‐SG catalysts possess a higher acidity and improved capacity for water adsorption. The EtOH‐SCR‐DeNO x experiments exhibited that the Ag/AO‐SG catalyst possesses a persistently high activity and selectivity in a temperature range between 220 and 330 °C. In contrast, the Ag/AO‐C catalyst (based on commercial mesoporous γ‐alumina) causes undesirable ethanol oxidation and is subjected to deactivation in the long‐term run below 300 °C. The TPO, TG, FTIR, and MS analyses showed that the deposit on the deactivated catalyst consists of melamine. Investigations on the effect of particle size on the EtOH‐SCR‐DeNO x reaction indicated the presence of internal diffusion limitations for the mesoporous Ag/AO‐C catalyst. Possible reaction pathways for the catalyst deactivation during EtOH‐SCR‐DeNO x are proposed.

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) offers a sustainable route for green ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions. However, achieving high NH3 selectivity across a broad potential window, which is crucial for integration with fluctuating renewable energy sources, remains challenging due to difficulties in precisely controlling the active hydrogen supply. Herein, a hydrogen spillover strategy is presented to address this challenge by optimizing hydrogen activity. This strategy is realized using a Pt nanoparticle decorated nanoporous Co2P (Pt/np-Co2P) catalyst. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and a suite of control experiments reveal that Pt nanoparticles generate active hydrogen, which migrates via the spillover pathway to hydrogenate *NO on Co2P. This process significantly lowers both thermodynamic and kinetic barriers for *NO hydrogenation. As a result, the Pt/np-Co2P catalyst maintains a Faradaic efficiency (FE) above 90% across a wide 600mV potential window by ensuring sufficient *H availability at low overpotentials and suppressing the competing hydrogen evolution reaction at high overpotentials. The FE approaches 100% at an industrially relevant current density of ≈1 A cm-2. Similar performance enhancements observed for other noble metal-decorated np-Co2P confirm the universality of hydrogen spillover strategy for designing efficient catalysts toward practical ammonia synthesis.

CARM1 (Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1), also known as PRMT4 (Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 4), is a type I PRMT that regulates gene expression by methylating both histone and non-histone substrates. Its overexpression and functional dysregulation have been linked to the progression of several cancer types, including breast, prostate, and hematological malignancies, positioning CARM1 as a compelling target for therapeutic intervention. In this scenario, the development of selective and potent CARM1 inhibitors holds great promise for the treatment of cancer by modulating epigenetic pathways and altering oncogenic transcriptional programs. However, designing effective inhibitors is challenging due to the conserved nature of the PRMT catalytic domain and the need for high selectivity to minimize off-target effects. This review aims at giving an overview of the recent patent literature of CARM1 inhibitors between 2018 and 2025. WIPO, EPO, USPTO, and SciFinder databases were used for the search of patents. Although the development of selective CARM1 inhibitors presents significant challenges, it remains a highly promising endeavor due to its potential to greatly advance anticancer drug discovery. Various strategies, including PROTACs can be employed to inactivate the protein, leading to antitumor effects.

To address the challenge of extremely low drug bioavailability in osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage, we developed a self-assembled micelle-exosome system (Mic-Exo) tailored to the specific characteristics of OA cartilage. The hydrophobic lipid layer of Mic-Exo enables efficient loading of therapeutic lipids (DHA), while the incorporation of 1, 2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) reverses surface charge to enhance penetration. The hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) shell protects Mic-Exo from rapid clearance and undesired endocytosis. The amphiphilic monomers in the micelle incorporate a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)–responsive peptide (GPLGVRG), which undergoes hydrolysis in response to elevated MMP activity at lesion sites, enabling rapid uptake by nearby chondrocytes. In vitro experiments confirmed the high selectivity of Mic-Exo for OA chondrocytes and its rapid penetration capabilities. In animal models, the DHA/Mic-Exo group significantly retarded OA progression, as evidenced by reduced Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores and mitigated cartilage thickness loss.

Design, synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR) and analgesic effect studies of novel arylsulfonamides as selective Nav1.7 inhibitors.

The development of efficient and sustainable heterogeneous catalysts remains central to the advancement of green oxidation chemistry. Herein, we report a Ni-salphen-derived metalated porous organic polymer (Ni@CAB), synthesized via a simple Friedel-Crafts alkylation strategy that integrates atomically dispersed Ni-N2O2 active sites into a robust carbazole-linked framework. A combination of 2D solid-state 13C-1H double cross-polarization (CP) correlation NMR, XPS, synchrotron-based XAS, and electron microscopy techniques confirmed the structural integrity, amorphous porous architecture, and uniform dispersion of Ni centers. Electronic analyses revealed reduced surface electron density at the Ni sites, enhancing their Lewis acidity and catalytic reactivity. Ni@CAB demonstrated exceptional performance in the aerobic allylic oxidation of cyclohexene under ambient conditions, affording complete conversion with high selectivity and remarkable recyclability over multiple cycles without detectable Ni leaching. Complementary DFT calculations unveiled favorable charge transfer and energetically viable pathways consistent with experimental observations. This study establishes surface electron density as a powerful activity descriptor and underscores the promise of rationally engineered metalated porous polymers for sustainable oxidation catalysis.

Simultaneous elimination of both toxic heavy metals and hazardous dyes from wastewater bodies by CNC-induced ceramics membranes: A crucial overview on the advanced fabrication and applications.

Secondary alcohols are indispensable building blocks in the production of fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and polymers, yet their conventional synthesis routes are energy and resource intensive. Electrochemical ketone hydrogenation under ambient conditions offers an attractive approach to synthesize secondary alcohols, but this process is often hindered by base-catalyzed self-condensation, hydrogenolysis, and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we demonstrate that Ru nanoparticles supported on commercial carbon black (RuNP/C) can enable efficient, selective, and stable electrochemical hydrogenation of a wide range of structurally diverse ketones to produce corresponding secondary alcohols under ambient conditions. Mechanistic investigations reveal that RuNP/C can simultaneously promote generation of reactive hydrogen species and adsorption of ketone molecules, facilitating rapid transfer of reactive hydrogen species to adsorbed ketone molecules, thereby enabling efficient secondary alcohols formation and suppressing HER. This work opens a green and sustainable pathway for ketone upgrading.

Developing selective protease inhibitors is a challenging task due to the high structural resemblance of their catalytic pockets. Here, we aimed to develop selective inhibitors targeting TMPRSS6, a protease involved in regulating iron homeostasis. By exploiting structural differences in the catalytic subpockets between TMPRSS6 and matriptase, we optimized ketobenzothiazole-based peptidomimetics using the P4-P3-P2-Arg-Kbt scaffold. We found that a combination of bulky residues at P4 and P3, along with polar amino acids at P2, enhance selectivity while preserving high potency. Notably, WGU55 showed exceptional selectivity toward TMPRSS6 over matriptase and minimal off-target inhibition of coagulation serine proteases such as Factor Xa and Thrombin, representing, to our knowledge, the most selective TMPRSS6 inhibitor identified to date. Cell-based assays confirmed the inhibitor's high potency and selectivity. These findings validate a rational design strategy for the selective inhibition of TMPRSS6, paving the way for the development of targeted therapeutics based on peptidomimetics.

Upgrading fatty acid derivatives is a promising route to sustainable diesel and jet fuels, but conventional processes require high temperature, pressure, and large H₂ input, while contaminants in waste oil deactivate catalysts, demanding costly purification. Here, we present an integrated electrochemical strategy combining anodic decarboxylation, cathodic proton reduction, and olefin hydrogenation in one reactor, upgrading fatty acid derivatives to long-chain alkanes under mild conditions (60 °C, 1 atm) without external hydrogen. A high alkane yield of 88.9% is achieved and the reported performance is competitive. Experiments and calculations reveal that fatty acid chain length governs product yield and distribution by influencing -H departure and Cγ-Cβ-COOH bond cleavage barriers. This approach shows high activity and selectivity toward diverse feedstocks, including unsaturated fatty acids, esters, mixtures, crude acids, and waste oils. Powered by solar energy, approximately 40 g of long-chain alkanes are produced in a 1 L reactor, highlighting its scalability and potential for green fuel synthesis.