Distribution Of High-risk Human Papillomavirus Research Articles

Distribution and Types of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes and Associated Cervical Neoplastic Lesions in Women Living With HIV Infection in Jos Nigeria

PURPOSE The distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) genotypes in women living with HIV (WLWH) and cervical neoplastic lesion (CNL) are not clearly predictable. We sought to determine prevalence of hrHPV genotypes, distribution, risk of multiple hrHPV and CNL in WLWH in Jos, Nigeria. METHODS Study was carried out from a cohort of study participants in the u54 NIH/NCI funded project titled ‘Epigenomic biomarkers of HIV-Associated Cancers in Nigeria’ (U54CA221205) in Jos, Nigeria. WLWH who were CC-free (n=22), precancer (61) and CC (n=17) gave informed consent and participated in the study between Oct’-2019 & Sept’- 2022. Information on socio-demographic and clinical history were obtained using structured questionnaire. Cervical-vaginal specimens collected, HPV DNA detection and genotyping performed using Anyplex-II HPV28 kit (Seegene, Korea). Prevalence and distributions of hrHPV genotypes determined and logistic regression analysis used to analyze associations between multiple hrHPV and CNL. RESULTS Of the 101 WLWH, median age was 50.00 (IQR 43-57), median duration of HIV infection was 12 years (IQR 9-14), and median age at sexual debut was 18 years (IQR 16-20). History of multiple sexual partners (MSP) was 70.3%. The overall hrHPV prevalence was 57.4%, with single hrHPV in 29.7% and multiple hrHPV in 27.7%. The three commonest hrHPV genotypes were HPV 16 (12.9%), HPV 31 (10.9%), and HPV 45/52/58 (9.9%). HPV genotypes 16/18/other-hrHPVs was 10.9%, and HPV 31/33/45/52/58 without HPV 16 or 18 was 11.9%. HPV 16 was higher for precancer, and CC compared with CC-free (46.1% vs 38.5% vs 15.4%, p=0.113) and HPV 31/other-hrHPVs was higher in precancer and CC (71.4% vs 28.6% vs 0%, p=0.282) and other-hrHPVs without genotype 16 or 18 was higher in precancer compared with CC-free and CC (82.3% vs 5.9% vs 11.8%, p=0.141). History of MSP (aOR=8.18, 95% CI 1.44, 59.04), age at first cervical cancer screening (aOR=7.5, 95% CI 1.29, 63.23), and duration of HIV infection in years (aOR=0.86, 95% CI 0.73, 0.99), were independently associated with multiple hrHPV genotypes. CONCLUSION There is high prevalence of multiple hrHPV genotypes with diverse distribution. Universal HPV vaccination and HPV DNA testing for cervical cancer screening in HIV clinics may lead to reduction in incidence of CNL among the most at risk population.

Association between Cervix Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN) and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes in Iraqi Women

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is an oncogenic virus that primarily causes premalignant and malignant cervical lesions particularly infection with high-risk types of viruses. Cervical cancer (CC) is a common gynecological tumor, ranking second in the female reproductive system tumor, particularly in women from developing countries. The prevalent and genotyping of high-risk HPV among Iraqi women during various stages of cervical lesions and cervical cancer were examined by using a real-time PCR. Results of this work revealed that the prevalence of HPV infection in women suffering from gynecological problem was 43%. The distribution of the high-risk HPV was relatively high for both HR-HPV-16 (44.90%) and HR-HPV-39 (14.29%), with HR-HPV-16 is being the most common. The finding of this study can be used to manage HPV infection and cervical cancer particularly at earlier stages of cervical lesions.

Prevalence of Carcinogenic Genotypes of HPV-Infected Women in a Ten-Year Period (2014-2023) in Vojvodina, Serbia.

Background and Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its etiological role in the development of cervical cancer are well established. The cervical cancer mortality rate in Serbia is one of the highest among European countries, and this cancer is the second-leading cause of death in Serbian women aged from 15 to 44. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina. A total of 10,062 cervical specimens from Serbian women were collected and HPV tested in ten years. The study patients were divided into five age groups. HPV genotype testing was performed using a commercial kit to detect 14 high-risk (HR) HPV genotypes. Additionally, cervix cytology data have been available for patients tested in 2022 and 2023. Results: An overall positive rate was found in 43.3% of patients (4356/10,062). A single HPV infection (62.1%) was the main infection pattern. The most frequent HR HPV genotypes were HPV 16, 31, 52, 56, 39, and 51, comprising 62.3% of the detected genotypes, including multiple infections. A significant difference was noted in the HPV prevalence across the different age groups, with a bimodal distribution of HPV infection. The highest prevalence was recorded in the age group ≤ 30 and those after 61 years. Women diagnosed with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) were significantly older compared to others. HR HPV is the most prevalent in patients with HSIL cytological findings (76.5%). The most common type, according to age-specific distribution and cytological findings, was HR HPV 16. Conclusions: This study provides comprehensive data on HR HPV distribution among Serbian women, which can serve as a basis for subsequent monitoring of genotypic distribution. It is particularly significant considering they are missing in the updated ICO/IARC Report for Serbia, and the cervical cancer mortality rate in Serbia is one of the highest among European countries.

Abstract 2142: Spatial distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) across 23 Chicago community areas and correlates

Abstract Background: Despite availability of effective vaccines and screening, cervical cancer claimed 4,280 lives in 2022. We explored the spatial distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (“HR-HPV”) infection across 23 Chicago Community Areas (CCAs) served by the University of Illinois Health Network (UI Health). Using a modified Warnecke et al Health Disparity Outcomes (HDO) model, we hypothesized that CCAs with higher rates of structural violence, the social, economic, and political systems exposing populations to risks and vulnerabilities, would correlate with increased HR-HPV. Methods: Electronic medical records of patients receiving routine cervical cancer screening between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019 were reviewed. As per the 2014 ACS guidelines. HR-HPV test results were captured as HR-HPV positive, HR-HPV-16, HR-HPV-18 and non-16/18 HR-HPV, the latter consisting of 12 HR-HPV subtypes. Structural violence variables were used from Chicago Health Atlas (2015-2019) with percent poverty, hardship index score, easy access to fruit and vegetables, routine checkup, homicide, and primary care provider across CCAS. Univariate Poisson regression was used to compare the associations between selected structural violence factors and HR-HPV prevalence. Univariate multinomial logistic regression evaluated associations between structural violence indicators and HR-HPV subtypes Global p-values were obtained using ANOVA at 0.05 significance. Results: 8,566 women met inclusion criteria out of 13,466 total women. 75% were Black or Hispanic. Overall prevalence of cervical HR-HPV infection was 20.3% (n=1,737), ranging from 8.7% to 27.2% across CCAs. Median age for women was 36. Percent with primary care provider was negatively associated with HPV infection (IRR = 0.99 with 95% CI (0.98, 1.00), adjusted p-value=0.023), indicating women living in CCAs with higher rates of primary care provider were less likely to have HR-HPV. Easy access to fruit and vegetables (adjusted p-value = 0.007) and percent with primary care provider (adjusted p-value = 0.009) were significantly associated with HR-HPV subtypes. Women living in CCAs with easy access to fruit and vegetables (OR = 0.99, with 95% CI (0.98,0.99)) as well as those with higher rates of primary care provider (OR = 0.98, with 95% CI (0.97,0.99)) were less likely to have non-16/18 HR-HPV. Conclusion: HR-HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection, and most women clear the infection naturally. As the origin of 99% of cervical cancer, understanding the reasons HR-HPV persists and progresses to cancer among certain individuals and groups is critical. Novel interventions like increasing access to fruit and vegetables could compliment widely available and effective vaccines. Citation Format: Gelila Goba, Jiehuan Sun, Quetzal Class, Joel Schwartz, Sage Kim, Karriem Watson, Lisa Tussing-Hummphreys, Yamile Molina, Shannon MacLaughlan, Ziqiao Xu, Benjamin Aldred, Subhash Kumar Kolar Rajanna, Tamika Alexander, Anna-Barbara Moscicki. Spatial distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) across 23 Chicago community areas and correlates [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2142.

Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection and genotype distribution among Kazakhstani women with abnormal cervical cytology

Aim This study aimed to identify the prevalence and distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types among Kazakhstani women with abnormal cervical cytology. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed from May 2019 to June 2020. Cervical samples were collected from women in the different regions of Kazakhstan. Results A total of 316 patients’ samples were analysed for HR-HPV using real-time multiplex PCR. Cervical cytology abnormalities were reported according to the Bethesda classification. HPV detection by cytology showed a statistically significant association with HPV status and the number of HPV infection types (p < .05). Among women with abnormal cervical cytology, 62.4% were positive for HPV infection of those 79.4% had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), and 20.6% had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Among patients with LSIL, 77.4% had HPV16 and 58.8% were infected with HPV18. Among patients with HSIL, 41.2% had HPV18 and 22.6% – HPV16. Conclusions There is a high prevalence of HR-HPV types among Kazakhstani women with abnormal cervical cytology. The most identified types were HPV16, 18, 31, 33 and 52. There is an emergency need to implement an HPV vaccination program to prevent cervical lesion development.

Epidemiology and genotypes analysis of human papillomavirus infection in Beijing, China

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in the female population in Beijing, China, and identify the relationship between HPV genotypes and host factors.MethodsHPV testing was performed on women aged 15–89 (mean age 38.0 ± 10.9 years) from Beijing in 2020. High-risk HPV genotyping real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine HPV genotypes. The overall prevalence, age-specific prevalence, genotype distribution, and the correlation between HPV genotypes and cervical cytology were analyzed.ResultsAmong the 25,344 study participants, the single and double infection rates were 18.8% (4,777/25,344) and 4.2% (1,072/25,344), respectively. A total of 6,119 HPV-positive individuals were found to have 91.6% negative results for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), 5.8% atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), 0.9% low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and 1.7% high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). In single HPV infections, the HPV16 genotype was highly associated with cervical cytology severity (χ2 trend = 172.487, P < 0.001). Additionally, HPV infection rates increased gradually with age, and statistical differences were observed across age groups (χ2 = 180.575; P < 0.001). High-risk HPV genotypes were highly prevalent in women below 25 years of age and those aged 55–59 years. Cluster analysis revealed that the 13 HPV genotypes could be roughly divided into two groups in a single infection; however, patterns of infection consistent with biological characteristics were not observed.ConclusionHigh-risk HPV was found in 24.1% of outpatients, with HPV52, HPV58, HPV16, HPV39, and HPV51 being the most common high-risk genotypes. Single high-risk HPV infection was predominant. HPV16, HPV39, HPV51, and HPV52 were associated with cervical lesion progression. HPV16 infection was especially worrying since it aggravates cervical lesions. Because the infection rates of the 13 HPV genotypes differed by age, the peak HPV infection rate should not guide vaccination, screening, and prevention programs. Instead, these initiatives should be tailored based on the regional HPV distribution characteristics. Moreover, it was determined that Beijing’s populace needed to receive treatment for HPV39 infection.

Epidemiology Characteristics and Potential Clinical Value of Vulvar Human Papillomavirus in Chinese Women: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Noninvasive self-sampling is a convenient option that may be highly accepted by women for home-based detection, which could increase the screening rate for cervical cancer (CC) and reduce its incidence and mortality. To compare the distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) between the vulva and cervix and to explore the clinical value of vulvar HPV detection in CC screening. The study was nested within a clinical trial on recombinant HPV 9-valent vaccine for women ages 20 to 45 years. Women with paired vulvar and cervical specimens were included and received cytology and HPV detection. The consistency of HPV detection between vulvar and cervical specimens was evaluated using Cohen κ statistics. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of primary CC screening. The primary end points were cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2/3 or worse (CIN2+/3+). A total of 7999 women were enrolled, and 83/33 cases were diagnosed as CIN2+/CIN3+. The HPV-positive rate in vulvar specimens (1785 of 7999; 22.32%) was higher than that in cervical specimens (1390 of 7999; 17.38%), and there were no significant differences in the distribution of hr-HPV genotypes between the vulva and cervix in patients with CIN2+/CIN3+. Vulva-based HPV primary screening showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV comparable to those for cervix-based HPV primary CC screening in the detection of CIN3+. The distribution of vulvar and cervical HPV was similar in patients with CIN2+/CIN3+. Vulva-based HPV primary CC screening had acceptable diagnostic efficacy and might be used as a modality for primary CC screening.

High-risk human papillomavirus distribution according to human immunodeficiency virus status among women with cervical cancer in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 2018 to 2020.

As human papillomavirus (HPV) immunisation and HPV-based cervical cancer (CC) screening programmes expand across sub-Saharan Africa, we investigated the potential impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status on high-risk (HR)-HPV distribution among women with CC in Côte d'Ivoire. From July 2018 to June 2020, paraffin-embedded CC specimens diagnosed in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire were systematically collected and tested for HR-HPV DNA. Type-specific HR-HPV prevalence was compared according to HIV status. Of the 170 CC specimens analysed (median age 52 years, interquartile range: [43.0-60.0]), 43 (25.3%) were from women living with HIV (WLHIV) with a median CD4 count of 526 [373-833] cells/mm3 and 86% were on antiretroviral therapy (ART). The overall HR-HPV prevalence was 89.4% [95% CI: 84.7-94.1]. All were single HR-HPV infections with no differences according to HIV status (P = .8). Among HR-HPV-positive CC specimens, the most prevalent HR-HPV types were HPV16 (57.2%), HPV18 (19.7%), HPV45 (8.6%) and HPV35 (4.6%), with no significant differences according to HIV status. Altogether, infection with HPV16/18 accounted for 71.1% [95% CI: 55.9-86.2] of CC cases in WLHIV vs 78.9% [95% CI: 71.3-86.5] in women without HIV (P = .3). The study confirms the major role of HPV16/18 in CC in Côte d'Ivoire and should support a regional scale-up of HPV16/18 vaccination programmes regardless of HIV status. However, vaccines targeting additional HR-HPV types, including HPV45 and HPV35, could further decrease future CC incidence in Côte d'Ivoire, both for WLHIV and women without HIV.

Prevalence and distribution of high-risk Human Papillomavirus in Western Türkiye between 2019 and 2022.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a primarily sexually transmitted human pathogen linked with the formation of anogenital warts and several types of cancer including cervical cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, penile cancer, and anal cancer. HPV genotypes are divided into high-risk and low-risk in accordance with their potential for carcinogenesis. The most notable high-risk genotypes are HPV-16 and HPV-18. In this study we report on the PCR analysis results of the cervical smear results of 328 females, and 50 males who have presented to a tertiary care university hospital in the port city of İzmir, Türkiye between August 2019 and August 2022. HPV-DNA positivity percentage was determined as 25.3% (96/378). 5 of 378 patients were HPV-18 positive (age range 31-80) whereas 27 patients were HPV-16 positive (age range 29-66). 64 patients were positive for other high-risk HPV types (age range 27-56). The positivity for HPV-16, HPV-18 and other high-risk HPV types were determined as 7.14%, 1.3% and 16.9% respectively. Our results demonstrate a 25.3% (96/378) positivity among tested patients moreover, out of 96 positive cases at least 32 are vaccine preventable. This study indicates the need for higher coverage of HPV vaccination in Western Türkiye.

High-risk human papillomavirus distribution in different cytological classification women

High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is a major cause of infection-related cancer worldwide. 3101 HR-HPV-positive females were retrospectively analyzed and grouped using the cervical cytological screening (ThinPrep cytological test, TCT) evaluations combined with colposcopy. The HPV16 infection rate is the highest in all groups. HPV16 was the most frequent in each group, with significant differences between the four groups (χ2 = 23.41, P = 0.0001). The distribution of HPV16 and HPV33 correlated with the pathologic stage in each group. The mixed infection rate of mRNA testing differs significantly between groups (P < 0.01, χ2 = 17.44, P = 0.002). HR-HPV infection duration of less than six months accounted for 87.65%, 6 and 12 months of persistent infection (28.28%), and more than one year of continuous infection accounted for only 16.48%. The top three HPV types in a group with a duration of more than 12 months were HPV52 (3.03%), HPV16 (2.55%), and HPV39 (1.58%). The least clearance types were HPV39 (63.48%), 56 (69.54%), and 52 (71.44%) more than 12 months. This study revealed the region's primary pathogenic subtypes on different cervical lesions and provided the basis for diagnosing and treating HPV infection.

Opportunistic cervical cancer screening for elderly women without standardized screening.

This study aimed to investigate the importance of opportunistic cervical cancer screening for elderly women without standardized screening and also investigate the best opportunistic screening strategy. The participants were high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive elderly women, aged more than 65 years, who did not undergo standardized cervical cancer screening from June 2017 to June 2021. They had undergone an opportunistic cervical cancer screening. High-risk HPV distribution and the accuracy of different screening methods (only cytology, only HPV, HPV + cytology triage, and non-HPV 16/18 + cytology triage or HPV 16/18) for CINII + were analyzed. A total of 848 elderly women with high-risk HPV infection were included, with 325 (38.3%) CINII + patients and 145 (17.1%) patients with invasive cancer. The top five HPV subtypes were HPV16, HPV52, HPV58, HPV53, and HPV56, and the infection rate was 31.4%, 21.9%, 19.7%, 11.6%, and 11.6%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the five screening strategies was 0.715 (0.681-0.750) (ASCUS+), 0.498 (0.458-0.538), 0.623 (0.584-0.663), 0.714 (0.680-0.748) (ASCUS+), and 0.698 (0.664-0.733) (ASCUS+). Elderly women who have not undergone standardized cervical cancer screening should be given a chance to be screened for cervical cancer; the standardized screening program is suitable for elderly women.

Evaluation of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Genotyping and Viral Load Determination as Diagnostic Biomarkers of Cervical Cancer Risk.

HPV testing in cervical cancer screening programs offers the possibility of introducing molecular standardized biomarkers for the triage of HPV-positive women. This study aimed to evaluate the role of HPV genotyping and viral load as possible diagnostic biomarkers of high-grade cervical lesions (CIN2+) by performing a preliminary evaluation of a new HPV test. Cervical specimens were obtained from 200 women referred for a colposcopy. Samples were tested using both Anyplex™ II HR-HPV as well as OncoPredict HPV® Screening (SCR) and quantitative typing (QT). Using a cycle threshold cutoff (Ct) of 36.8 for the SCR assay and 1.27 log10 (viral copies/104 cells) for the QT assay, relative clinical sensitivity for CIN2+ and relative clinical specificity for CIN2- as compared to Anyplex™ II HR-HPV were, respectively, 0.92 and 1.00 for SCR and 1.35 and 1.24 for QT. The distribution of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes (p = 0.009) as well as the viral copy numbers (CIN2-: 3.7 log10 (viral copies/104 human cells); CIN2+: 4.3 log10 (viral copies/104 human cells); p = 0.047) were found to differ in women with high- and low-grade cervical lesions, suggesting a possible role of HPV genotyping and normalized viral load as potential biomarkers to identify women at increased risk of cervical lesions.

Distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus in women with ASC-US or LSIL in Tunisian women: Place of HPV testing for women triage in Tunisia

The present study aimed to evaluate the distribution of oncogenic HPVs in Tunisian women diagnosed with ASC-US or LSIL in order to highlight the importance of HPV testing in the management of women with minor cytological lesions. The study involved 213 cervical samples from women aged from 18 to 82 years and diagnosed with ASC-US or LSIL. HPV detection and genotyping was performed by nested PCR followed by reverse Line Blotting. HPV DNA was identified in 161 cases (76.3%). Oncogenic HPV genotypes were detected in 53.1% of cases. The most frequent high-risk genotypes in this study were HPV16 (28.8%) followed by: HPV51 (9.6%), HPV18, HPV31 HPV56 (7.1%) and HPV45 (5.1%). Thus, 24 % of studied women were not infected by HPV and about 47% of infections are without oncogenic HPV. These results highlight the value of HPV testing in the decision algorithm of management of minor abnormalities lesions.

Prevalence of high-risk HPV among marginalized urban women in India and its implications on vaccination: A cross sectional study.

To discover the prevalence and distribution of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) subtypes in urban slums and their implications. A cross-sectional study was performed to discover prevalence and distribution of high-risk HPV subtypes. We screened 956 women. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.25. Inclusion criterion was married women between 30 and 45 years of age. Exclusion criteria were women with known cervical cancer at the time of the survey or those who had undergone hysterectomy. Of the women, 32.47% were HPV positive and of these, about 84.50% were positive for high-risk HPV. HPV type 6 (HPV 6) and HPV 11 were not seen in the population. After HPV 16 and HPV 18, type 58 was the most common variant seen in our study. Currently-used vaccines in India do not cover HPV 58. Knowing and understanding the distribution of high-risk HPV are necessary for an effective strategy to eliminate cervical cancer from India. Deoxyribonucleic acid-based HPV screening is a useful method along with vaccination to prevent cervical cancer.

The significance of ASC-H and LSIL dual interpretation with risk stratification: one institution experience.

The 2014 Bethesda System categorizes squamous lesions as low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). It also includes intermediate morphologic terminology, such as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) and atypical squamous cells, cannot rule out a high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H). Consensus is lacking if when ASC-H is present in an unequivocal LSIL (LSIL + ASC-H) versus ASC-H alone predicts a neoplasm with a different biologic behavior and which is its association with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). We reviewed the Columbia University Medical Center Pathology department patient's database from October 2012 through December 2014 and found 2498 cytology samples of LSIL, ASC-H, HSIL, and LSIL + ASC-H with both follow-up histologic samples and HPV tests by Roche cobas. Our objective was to identify, if any, differences in biologic behavior and HPV status present in LSIL + ASC-H compared with ASC-H and other lesions. CIN2+ was documented in tissue examination in 102 from 311 LSIL + ASC-H (32.8%), 101 from 219 ASC-H (46.1%), 252 from 326 HSIL+ (77.3%), and 150 from 1642 LSIL (9.08%). HPV distribution shows significant differences between all diagnostic categories. LSIL + ASC-H appears to have a distinctive HPV distribution pattern that clearly differs from ASC-H and LSIL and approaches HSIL; however, the predictive value for CIN2+ appears higher for ASC-H than LSIL + ASC-H. Our literature review identified conflicting findings, probably suggesting a lack of reproducibility in cytologic criteria and the need for consistent inclusion of ASC-H and LSIL when both are present.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of high-risk HPV infection among women in Beijing, China.

Cervical cancer (CC) is highly associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and genotype distribution of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection varies greatly in different regions. Clinical specimens were collected from 46 365 patients at Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2017 to December 2020. HPV DNA genotype testing was performed using real-time PCR. The infection rates based on disease group were compared using the χ 2 test. The linear-by-linear association test and gamma value were used to assess the changes in HPV prevalence over calendar year and age group. A total of 10 514 women were infected with HR-HPV, with an overall positive rate of 22.7%. The most prevalent HR-HPV types were HPV52, 58, 16, 51, and 66, and HPV59 had a higher prevalence except for HPV16, 58, and 52 in the CC group. Single infection of HR-HPV was dominant among different disease groups. The infection rate of HR-HPV decreased first and then increased from below 20 years old to over 60 years old. There were significant differences in the HR-HPV infection rates among the age and disease groups. Our findings demonstrate that the genotype distribution of HR-HPV varied with age and diseases. The HR-HPV genotypes prevalence was found to be directly useful for local governments to promote HPV targeted vaccination in the study region.

Human papillomavirus infection rate, distribution characteristics, and risk of age in pre- and postmenopausal women

BackgroundThe incidence rate of cervical cancer is increasing yearly. The persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main factor leading to cervical cancer. HPV infection is double peak type. This study aimed at analyzing the HPV distribution characteristics, infection rate, and risk of age in pre- and postmenopausal women. So as to provide reference for the prevention of HPV infection and cervical cancer screening strategy.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 4614 women who underwent cervical cytology, and HPV examination from January 2018 to October 2019 at the healthcare department of Wuhan Union Hospital was done. We explored the characteristics and distribution of HPV infections around the menopause, then comparing the infection rate of HPV in postmenopause and over 65 years old, in order to analyze the influence of different ages on HPV infection.ResultsGenerally, the HPV infection rate was 13.10% (539/4115), whereby the high-risk subtype constituted 73.84% (398/539) of all positive cases. On the other hand, the HPV39 infection was more common in postmenopausal women; however, there was no significant difference in the distribution of the other types in the pre- and postmenopausal women. The first four types were 52/53/58/16. The results further showed that the rates of HPV infection before and after menopause were 12.34% (367/2975) and 15.09% (172/1140), respectively, which had no significant difference (P = 0.056), but more susceptible to high-risk HPV infection after the age of 65 (P = 0.041). Except for 40 years old to menopause, the infection rate of high-risk HPV in this age group was different from that in postmenopause (P = 0.023, 0.729 (0.555, 0.957)), other age groups had no significant effect on high-risk HPV infection.ConclusionsIt was concluded that whether menopause has nothing to do with HPV infection. Moreover, the risk of high-risk HPV infection in women aged 40 to premenopausal is relatively low, but the infection rate increases after 65. Hence the cutoff screening age should be appropriately prolonged.

Distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes in women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical carcinoma and analysis of human papillomavirus-16 genomic variants

AimTo analyze the distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes and the diversity of HPV-16 genomic variants in Croatian women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and cervical carcinoma.MethodsTissue biopsy specimens were obtained from 324 women with histopathologically confirmed HSIL or cervical carcinoma, 5 women with low-grade SIL, and 49 women with negative histopathology. HR-HPV DNA was detected with Ampliquality HPV-type nucleic-acid hybridization assay, which identifies 29 different HPV genotypes. HPV-16 genomic variants were analyzed by an in-house sequencing.ResultsThe most common HPV type in women with HSIL was HPV-16, detected in 127/219 (57.9%) specimens. HPV-16 was also the dominant type in squamous cell cervical carcinoma (46/69 or 66.7%) and in adenocarcinoma (18/36 or 50.0%). Out of 378 patients, 360 had HR-HPV (282 single infections and 79 multiple infections), 3 (0.8%) patients had low-risk HPV, and 15 (4%) tested negative. HPV-16 variants were determined in 130 HPV-16 positive specimens, including 74 HSIL and 46 carcinoma specimens. In HSIL specimens, 41 distinct variants were found, 98.6% belonging to the European branch and 1.4% belonging to the African branch. In cervical carcinoma specimens, 95% isolates grouped in 41 variants belonging to the European branch, one isolate (2.5%) belonged to the North American, and one (2.5%) to the Asian-American branch.ConclusionHPV-16, mainly belonging to the European branch, was the most frequent HPV genotype in women from Croatia with histologically confirmed HSIL and cervical cancer.

Genotype distribution and behavioral risk factor analysis of human papillomavirus infection among Kazak women in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) and the correlation between cervical lesions and analyze the risk factors for HR-HPV infection. Methods: In June 2018, a population-based study for cervical cancer screening in Tuoli county of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region was conducted. A total of 2 000 Kazak women aged 25-64 years were included in the study. Three cervical exfoliated cells samples were collected from them for careHPV, PCR HPV, p16(INK4a), and liquid-based cytology (LBC) tests. Women with any positive test were referred for colposcopy with biopsies taken at abnormal sites. Histo-pathological diagnoses were used as the gold standard. Results: The overall prevalence of HPV was 14.55%, among which the infection rate of HR-HPV was 12.90%, which was even higher in the 50-54 years age group. The most prevalent genotypes of HR-HPV were HPV16 (2.80%), HPV51(2.35%), HPV52 (1.70%), HPV56 (1.50%), and HPV39 (1.20%). The most common HPV infection was a single infection (71.48%). In the age group of 50-54 years, the multiple infection rates were higher, with the majority of double infection (69.88%), and HPV42 and 56 were the most common co-infection types. HPV16 (31.82%), HPV51 (27.27%) and HPV18 (13.64%) were higher in cervical intraepithelial neplasia grade 1, HPV16 (57.14%) was higher in cervical intraepithelial neplasia grade 2, and HPV16 (55.56%) and HPV18 (33.33%) were higher in cervical intraepithelial neplasia grade 3 or worse. Results from the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher education, menopause, and syphilis infection increased the HPV infection. Conclusions: The most common prevalence genotypes of HR-HPV among Kazak women were HPV16, HPV51, and HPV52. The infection rate of HR-HPV among Kazak women was correlated with education level, menopausal status, and syphilis infection. Measures should be taken targeting high-risk factors. This result suggests that STD patients and women aged 50 and above should be encouraged for screening.

Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Among Women Presenting for Cervical Cancer Screening at Karanda Mission Hospital.

PURPOSEHigh-risk human papillomaviruses (hrHPV) are the primary cause of cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is expected to prevent cervical cancers caused by the HPV types included in vaccines and possibly by cross-protection from other types. This study sought to determine the hrHPV type distribution in women at a rural Zimbabwe hospital.METHODSWe implemented a cross-sectional study at the Karanda Mission Hospital. Using the Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid Cervicography technique, clinicians collected cervical swabs from 400 women presenting for screening for cervical cancer. Samples were initially analyzed by Cepheid GeneXpert; candidate hrHPV genotypes were further characterized using the Anyplex II HPV28 Detection Kit.RESULTSTwenty-one percent of the 400 women were positive for a high-risk genotype when using the GeneXpert analyzer; 17% were positive when using the multiplex analysis. Almost two thirds of the hrHPV women had a single DNA type identified, whereas one third had multiple genotypes, ranging from 2 to 5. hrHPV was observed more frequently in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative women (27% v 15%). Of the 113 isolates obtained, 77% were hrHPV genotypes not included in the bivalent or quadrivalent vaccines, and 47% represented DNA types not covered in the nonavalent vaccine. Forty-seven percent of the women with hrHPV harbored a single genotype that was not covered by the nonavalent vaccine.CONCLUSIONA large fraction of hrHPV isolates from women participating in a cervical cancer screening program in northern Zimbabwe are DNA types not covered by the bivalent, quadrivalent, or nonavalent vaccines. These findings suggest the importance of characterizing the hrHPV DNA types isolated from cervical neoplasia in this population and determining whether cross-immunization against these genotypes develops after administration of the vaccines in current use.