High-rise Building Projects Research Articles

Improvement of cost performance accompanied by quality control using value engineering and six sigma methods in high-rise building project

Construction projects are unique, complex, and have high risks, thereby increasing priorities. The application of the concept of mega con-struction with the risk of increasing costs needs to be eliminated by the value engineering and quality control methods. Re-analyzing a de-velopment plan is an option to save costs, but still in accordance with applicable specifications and conditions. Quality control with the six sigma method can be defined as relating to systemic and systematic to identify and eliminate waste or activities that are not added activities that do not add value, radical continuous improvement to achieve six sigma performance levels, by flowing products (material, work-in-process, output) and information using a Pull system from internal and external users to achieve goals and perfection with only produce a small amount for every one million opportunity or operation. The results of the case study conducted on the upper structure work (column and beam) based on the design value of the multi-storey building obtained a cost efficiency of 9.27% and 3.19% of the initial cost design. Whereas the implementation of six sigma is used to reduce work defects from excessive targets and low worker skills. NCR from this high-rise building project, obtained a value of 39 defects, with a Disability Per Million Opportunity value of 3.125 DPMO, which after being converted to a sigma table, is included in the 4.23 sigma category and a DMAIC (Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control) in order to maintain quality and reduce defects resulting from upper structure work.

Project Cost Risk Identification and Construction Performance Indicators of High-rise Building in DKI Jakarta (Case Study: PT. X)

According to Skyscraper Center, a website for world’s tall builidings database Indonesia ranked 7th globally for most –have tall buildings country. As for the city category Jakarta itself ranked 10th globally with 407 buildings.A High-rise building project has its own uniqueness such as involves many disciplines and complexities also high risk of uncertainty. Cost factor is one of the biggest risk which is the contractor should consider the most. The most responsible people, the contractor required to understand and have an ability how to manage many aspects such as cost risk to achieve the project goals: the optimum cost performance, quality and schedule which were budgeted and agreed upon. This research aimed to identify the risk of project cost and construction performance indicators.The stages of methodology of this research as followed, studied the relevant issues, identified the research’s concern, prepared the research’s instruments, analyzed the research’s concern and discussed the results. The quantitative method applied in this research. Primary and secondary source of data used in this research.

A Multi-Spatial Assessment Framework To Geological Hazard For High-Rise Building Project In Metro Manila, Philippines

On Metro Manila Earthquake Impact Reduction Study (MMEIRS) conducted from 2002 to 2004 by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) together with the Philippine Institute for Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) and the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA), a worst-case scenario with a 7.2 earthquake magnitude in Makati, would have structural impacts on 50% of infrastructures from partial to heavy damage, 18.3% would be heavily damaged, 32.8% would be partially damaged, and major lifelines and utilities that provide electricity, telephones, and water could be cut off. There will be 2,300 casualties, 7,700 injuries, and 156,000 displacements. Geological hazard threatens the City residents and its attractiveness as the preferred residential and business location in the country. In this study, we model the earthquake risk of high-rise building projects in Global City, located at the eastern portion of Makati City near Marikina Valley Fault System. To accomplish this, we identified important geological hazard-related factors and distributed survey question to experts to gather estimation of the importance of each factor, and Monte Carlo Analytic Hierarchy Process (MCAHP) was used to determine the consistency of the expert’s judgment. These factor weights from the MCAHP are applied to the gathered data, and a Quantum GIS software tool was utilized for visualization, producing a geo-hazard map that is color-coded representing weighted-simulation levels of estimated earthquake hazard risks.

THE EFFECT OF COMPETENCY, NEGOTIATION MODEL AND EMOTIONAL INTELLEGENCE IN THE STAKEHOLDERS CAPABILITY ON RESULT OF NEGOTIATION CONSTRUCTION DISPUTE IN INDONESIA

The construction project is a series of activities that are long, complex and increase potential of construction understanding differences, disagreements, and conflicts between various parties involved in construction work. So many construction projects that cause disputes between parties. In negotiating disputes, negotiations often take place; the negotiation process requires the capability to get the best results, such as competency, negotiation model and emotional intelligence. This research based on 102 samples of respondents from 10 constrution project in Indonesia among 5 highrise building projects and 5 industrial projects. Subject of research focused on the four stakeholders in the main project, which will be analyzed with the partial structural-least square equation model (PLS-SEM). The results of the analysis show that competency and emotional intelligence have significant positive effects to negotiations result in construction dispute. Negotiation model does not influence the negotiation results in the highrise building projects or industrial projects. But the results were different if the negotiation model that was added with the competency would have an significant positive effects to negotiations result in construction dispute. Keywords: Negotiation, Competency, Emotional Intellegence, Construction, Dispute JEL Classifications: D91, L74, O22, J53 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.9651

The effect of marketing mix and brand image on customer loyalty of remixed mortar

The study aimed to analyze the effect of the marketing mix (product, price, location, promotion, service, human resources, and physical evidence) and brand image of premixed mortar customer loyalty. A total of 100 questionnaire surveys have been distributed to customers in greater Jakarta area who became a decision-maker in a high rise building project. Based on the analysis of the effect of the marketing mix and brand image on premixed mortar loyalty, it can be concluded that product, price, process, and brand image significantly affects loyalty. The variable that has the most significant effect is the price, followed by the product, process and brand image.

BIM and CMMS for IBS building maintenance in Malaysia

IBS construction is gradually increasing in many building projects in Malaysia. The projects have involved modern, contemporary and innovation design for construction. The increase of demands for IBS construction every year indirectly contributes the building and infrastructure development but maintenance management however is poor, possesses low defect diagnosis and limited decision making process to repairing. These problems become more complicated in complex and high-rise building projects like Malaysia to which IBS building construction is practiced. Conventionally, the repairing maintenance method (fragmentation approach) has been criticized for serious unacceptable quality or productivity, budget and concept of the IBS building maintainability (reworks and delay). Therefore, a novel and more sophisticated technique is proposed for improving defect diagnosis and decision making process by employing BIM and CMMS integration in maintenance management on IBS buildings in Malaysia.

Project delay analysis of highrise building project in Jakarta

Highrise building construction in Jakarta continues to increase over time. The complex characteristics of highrise building work present challenges for contractors to be able to complete projects on time. Many factors cause delays in highrise building projects and these factors differ from every country. A survey used questionnaires that have conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia obtained ten dominant factors which were then grouped into two main variables: (1) changes in the scope of work and (2) weak planning and controlling. Changes in the scope of work have a direct impact on changes in project costs. The development of the contractor team’s ability to coordinate and communicate with other parties involved in construction, likewise the development of the contractor team’s ability to plan is expected to overcome project delays in highrise building projects. Improving the capability of the contractor team project is needed to support sustainable competitiveness in the construction sector.

Dominant Factors of Positive Impact of Ownership of Work Competency Certificate in Craftsman' Perception

This study aims to determine the dominant factor of the positive impact of ownership of work competency certificates in the perception of artisan on highrise building projects in the city of South Jakarta. Based on existing data the number of workers who already have work competency certificates is still very minimal. That is caused by several factors, namely the process of implementing certification which is considered complicated to the cost which is considered expensive. But behind these constraints, work competency certificates can have a positive impact on construction workers who have them. In this study conducted by quantitative methods by analyzing the percentage of respondents' perceptions. This research was carried out on the Cithaland Tower project, Alamanda Tower, Dharmawangsa Office Tower. The total number of respondents to be studied is 44 people. In this study the dominant factor studied was measured through four indicators namely work motivation, work productivity, work ability and competitiveness. With each percentage acquisition namely for Work Motivation 26.44%, Work Productivity 24.40%, Work Ability 24.66%, and Competitiveness 24.50%. Of the four indicators there is one indicator with the highest percentage and is the most dominant factor, namely the Work Motivation indicator with a percentage of 26.44%.

Managing financial and economic risks associated with high-rise apartment building construction in Sri Lanka

PurposeThe financial and economic risks associated with high-rise building projects are many. They make project stakeholders to undergo financial difficulties. However, very few past studies have discussed the management of these risks. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide a guideline for the effective management of these financial and economic risks associated with high-rise apartment building projects in Sri Lanka.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted the mixed research approach. A literature review and semi-structured interviews were used to identify the financial/economic risk factors of high-rise apartment building projects and their risk response measures. The data obtained were used for a questionnaire survey, and the findings were analysed using the mean score method. They were validated using pattern matching. The risk response measures that were identified were ranked according to their effectiveness.FindingsThe findings revealed that “financial problems arising from errors in estimating” is the most significant financial and economic risk factor faced by the property developers involved in high-rise apartment building projects, while “poor contract management” is the most significant financial and economic risk factor faced by the contractors of these projects.Originality/valueThe study recommends a guideline to manage, using effective risk response measures, the financial and economic risk factors that are significant in high-rise apartment building projects.

An investigation of fall accident in a high-rise building project

Fall accident is an accident category that becomes a primary cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries among construction workers worldwide. The objectives of the paper are to report the results of a study investigating 100 reports of fall accidents in the high-rise building project in Indonesia. The study concludes that the impact/consequence of the fall accident mostly occurring involves a fatality, causing death (56%), major injuries, causing permanent physical defect (28%), and minor injuries, causing temporary wound (16%). The main factors of fall accidents causation are mostly related to personal factors (61%) and non-personal factors (30%). It was found that fall accidents mainly take place in the area of scaffoldings (52%), area of structure (28%), and area of working structure (20%). The fall accidents occurred mostly during afternoon time (42%), followed morning time (27%), and evening time (21%), and workers who are 20 – 30 years old and under 20 years old get a higher risk of getting accidents. The findings will be a recommendation to construction companies for developing effective safety programs for the prevention of fall accidents.

Spatio-temporal planning for tower cranes in construction projects with simulated annealing

Tower crane planning plays an important role in the progress and cost of construction projects. Finding the optimal tower crane planning scheme from a large number of potential candidates is typically regarded as a complex combinatorial optimization problem. To tackle this issue, researchers have attempted to develop mathematical models combined with various optimization algorithms. However, a major limitation is that most previous studies only focused on a specific stage of a construction project rather than all stages or used two-dimensional project data (i.e., quantity and place) without time dimension, neglecting the dynamic nature and changes that occur during the different construction stages. Another problem is that the service period of tower cranes as well as the height ranking among them, which are highly important when multiple tower cranes are used, were rarely taken into account. To address those challenges, this study proposes a spatio-temporal planning model for tower cranes in construction projects with simulated annealing. The interacting planning objects, consisting of number, type, location, service period, and height ranking, are incorporated into a mathematical model, and it pays particular attention to estimating delays caused by waiting for new lifting tasks and avoiding collisions among tower cranes. The capabilities of the proposed planning model are demonstrated through an example of a high-rise building project by testing all feasible initial solutions. The results show that the calculated optimal solutions can provide the savings ranging from 23.27% to 41.73% depending on the different cases, with an average saving of 31.10% of the total cost when compared to the initial solutions.

Preliminary Evaluation of Seismic Performance of Engineering Structures with PERFORM 3D

AbstractThis study analyzed the role of PERFORM 3D in the preliminary evaluation of seismic performance of engineering structures. Firstly, PERFORM 3D was briefly introduced, and its material constitutive model and basic model were analyzed. Then, taking a high-rise building project in Yulin, Shaanxi, China, as an example, PERFORM 3D was used to evaluate its seismic performance. After establishing the engineering model, five seismic waves were selected for simulation. The results showed that the maximum values of X-axis inter-story displacement angle and Y-axis displacement angle were 1/500 and 1/360 respectively, which were far less than the standard limit; the overall energy dissipation was good, the damping was small, the overall deformation was good, and the seismic performance was also good. In conclusion, PERFORM 3D has a good performance in the preliminary evaluation of seismic performance of engineering, and it is worth further promotion and application.

Research on transfer floor technology in high-rise building construction

With the continuous improvement of the level of urbanization, people put forward higher requirements for the quality and safety of high-rise building projects. As an important part of high-rise building construction, the quality of transfer floor construction will directly affect the overall level of the construction industry. This paper mainly analyses and explores the general situation and technology application of the transfer floor of high-rise building structure. These applications improve the construction strength of concrete, steel bar and formwork; grasp the promotion of key links. Thus the overall construction reaches a higher standard, and the stability performance of high-rise buildings is improved.

Optimization of flexible lift processes on high-rise building construction sites

Abstract Timely delivery of materials and laborers to workface is critical to the smooth progression of a task on the construction site. This subject is of particular importance in high-rise building projects where the vertical transportation may turn into a bottleneck in the delivery process, if not precisely planned. In such contexts, lift cars represent a contested resource for movement of people and materials and any delayed lifting leads to disrupted tasks on the building floors. The available literature predominantly relies on predefined or rule-based scenarios in addressing the lifting problem which may result in suboptimal solutions to the operation of the lifts. Therefore, this research aims to develop a holistic mathematical model which identifies the optimum operational plan for the entire lift systems in high rise construction. The model has a mixed integer nature incorporating characteristics and constraints of lift cars, construction resources and activities, and site conditions. The optimality is targeted through minimum travel time both at the whole scale and for a single lift car. To improve generalizability, the model has been adapted to variant lift optimization problems under different construction scenarios. It is then integrated with the zoning problem in order to determine optimal zoning configuration for a given lift system. The model is tested on a hypothetical case replicating complexities and constraints of real-world situations. The results indicate that the model can efficiently find an optimal solution for the lift systems which imposes minimum vertical travel time to the project.

THE STUDY OF SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON AN INDONESIAN CONSTRUCTION COMPANY

Situational leadership is defined as a style of leadership in which a leader manages to adapt his/her style in order to suit the situation. This situation refers to the circumstances among the leader’s employee which could enhance the success of the related project/work. The study is aimed to determine the suitability between the type of the employee and the situational leadership style of the project manager on a construction company. The circumstances of the employee are represented by their commitment and competence maturity level. The suitability result could give an insight to the project manager to enhance the success of their project. This study utilises a descriptive statistical analysis through a questionnaire survey and interview to a construction company in Indonesia. This company is selected because it is one of the biggest construction company in Indonesia. This research observed four high rise building projects which are constructed by this company in 2017 in Bandung, Indonesia. The result summary of the four projects shows a suitability between the type of employee (D3) and the project’s manager situational leadership style (S3). In accordance with the situational leadership theory, this suitability could produce a great situation between project manager and his/her employee, enhancing the accomplishment of the project. The company should keep this suitability, if such a shifting happens among the team, a re-identification is recommended. This could help project manager to understand his/her new employee, so he/she could adapt to the new situation and transform his/her leadership style to fit the new type of employee. This could enhance the overall performance of the company.

THE STUDY OF SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON AN INDONESIAN CONSTRUCTION COMPANY

Situational leadership is defined as a style of leadership in which a leader manages to adapt his/her style in order to suit the situation. This situation refers to the circumstances among the leader’s employee which could enhance the success of the related project/work. The study is aimed to determine the suitability between the type of the employee and the situational leadership style of the project manager on a construction company. The circumstances of the employee are represented by their commitment and competence maturity level. The suitability result could give an insight to the project manager to enhance the success of their project. This study utilises a descriptive statistical analysis through a questionnaire survey and interview to a construction company in Indonesia. This company is selected because it is one of the biggest construction company in Indonesia. This research observed four high rise building projects which are constructed by this company in 2017 in Bandung, Indonesia. The result summary of the four projects shows a suitability between the type of employee (D3) and the project’s manager situational leadership style (S3). In accordance with the situational leadership theory, this suitability could produce a great situation between project manager and his/her employee, enhancing the accomplishment of the project. The company should keep this suitability, if such a shifting happens among the team, a re-identification is recommended. This could help project manager to understand his/her new employee, so he/she could adapt to the new situation and transform his/her leadership style to fit the new type of employee. This could enhance the overall performance of the company.Â

Improved building sustainability in seismic zones

Construction worldwide is under great pressure to generate significant changes in the sector. A significant change requires a multidimensional vision that integrates different perspectives, promoting a deep knowledge of the constructive process and it’s parallel with manufacturing as a comparative basis. For the specific case of the construction of reinforced concrete in seismic zones, it is proposed to move from the division of labor by specialties to the division of labor by spatial volumes, which considers the functional and systemic perspectives. This is proposed in order to characterize the life cycles of the different systems within a building, guaranteeing a high level of sustainability. To achieve this objective, a real high-rise building project with its respective BIM model will be used as a basis for the construction of another twin BIM model (mirror) that will use design criteria that meet the objectives of this proposal. It will use the original model data and the information obtained from the monitoring of the project execution phase. This proposal will present, in a comparative way, this strategy’s impact on the design and execution of the real project in which the installations are completely disincorporated from the structure, emulating the simile of an assembly line. It is expected that the results will demonstrate that an evident improvement in sustainability is achieved by making the different systems of a building independent, allowing the life cycle of each system to maximized. This independence, in turn, generates the conditions for a substantial improvement in productivity. On the other hand, the integration of engineering with the construction of functional solutions off-site allows for a significant improvement in constructability, in addition to externalities that can only be characterized in the exploitation phase. This will allow a radical change in the supply market, transferring an important amount of knowledge towards the sector. This experience will generate outstanding leadership in the sector and a categorical emphasis in the direction of innovation.

The cost of implementing OHSMS regulation on high-rise building projects

In 2014, the Ministry of Public Works and Housing have published regulation that require the full implementation of Occupational Safety and Health Management System or short as OHSMS (known as SMK3 in Indonesia) in all phases of construction projects. The so called PerMenPUPR 5/2014 imposed an allocation of cost specific for OHSMS in the owner’s estimate, which was later updated as PerMenPUPR 2/2018 for minor adjustments in the regulation. This regulation was supported with guidelines for project managers on estimating the cost allocation for OHSMS. However, the initiative to address safety issues more comprehensively has been ineffective. The directive has not been seriously implemented by stakeholders on public projects. Thus, to help convince all stakeholders, more quantitative evidence on the costs for implementing OHSMS is pursued. This study is to determine the percentage of costs allocated by contractors for the procurement of OHSMS components. Data were collected from surveys to eight construction sites of high-rise building projects in Jakarta and Bandung. Based on interviews, questionnaires, and supporting documents from each case study, the cost of implementing the regulation was simulated and estimated. The cost allocation ranges from 2.01% to 3.70% of the contract value. The most significant components of the costs were related to OSH personnel (44.10%), insurance and licensing (35.2%), and OSH induction and promotion (5.82%).

Value engineering application in a high rise building (a case study in Bali)

Finding affordable alternatives material to replace the initial design of the architecture work of a commercial high rise building project without reducing the value of the material itself. Then analysing the cost saved from applying the value engineering in the architecture work of a high rise building. Calculation through the value engineering process was conducted. A commercial high rise building in Bali was chosen as a case study to implement the value engineering process in the design stage. The value engineering stages included calculating the cost/worth function, analysing through Function Analysis System Technique (FAST), innovation and creativity stage, evaluation of the life cycle cost, decision analysis and last the decision making. The research found that by applying value engineering through several items of work in a commercial high rise building it could save up to up to 8% of the total cost of the architecture work. The architecture work that was analysed through value engineering were the wall work, the door work, the floor work and the sanitary work. These were found to be the most effecting result from the Pareto calculation. The application of value engineering is this research was only done in one commercial high rise building in Bali. The work analysed was also only the architecture work. Therefore other types of construction project might result in different value of cost saving. This research identifies the cost saved through the application of value engineering in a commercial high rise building in Bali, which emphasizes on high quality materials in the architecture work. This research will contribute to the study literature of value engineering with a case study of commercial high rise building.

Flexible double-cage hoist for high operational efficiency in tall building construction

Abstract High operational efficiency in the use of hoists is crucial for the successful completion of high-rise building projects. Simply increasing the number of hoists may not be possible because of insufficient space or budget limits. However, adopting the “double-deck” concept can be an effective approach to improving the operational efficiency of hoists in projects with such constraints. This study proposes a flexible double-cage hoist for use in such projects. In a case study, we found that combining the proposed hoist with existing single-cage hoists enabled a smaller number of hoists to achieve significantly higher efficiency at lower cost than a group of single-cage hoists. The optimal combination showed a 16.6% decrease in total operational costs and a 7.9% increase in operational efficiency. Using the proposed hoist could therefore enable the successful completion of high-rise building projects at lower cost.