High-resolution Thermography Research Articles

Thermography captures the differential sensitivity of dryland functional types to changes in rainfall event timing and magnitude.

Drylands of the southwestern United States are rapidly warming, and rainfall is becoming less frequent and more intense, with major yet poorly understood implications for ecosystem structure and function. Thermography-based estimates of plant temperature can be integrated with air temperature to infer changes in plant physiology and response to climate change. However, very few studies have evaluated plant temperature dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution in rainfall pulse-driven dryland ecosystems. We address this gap by incorporating high-frequency thermal imaging into a field-based precipitation manipulation experiment in a semi-arid grassland to investigate the impacts of rainfall temporal repackaging. All other factors held constant, we found that fewer/larger precipitation events led to cooler plant temperatures (1.4°C) compared to that of many/smaller precipitation events. Perennials, in particular, were 2.5°C cooler than annuals under the fewest/largest treatment. We show these patterns were driven by: increased and consistent soil moisture availability in the deeper soil layers in the fewest/largest treatment; and deeper roots of perennials providing access to deeper plant available water. Our findings highlight the potential for high spatiotemporal resolution thermography to quantify the differential sensitivity of plant functional groups to soil water availability. Detecting these sensitivities is vital to understanding the ecohydrological implications of hydroclimate change.

High-resolution thermography and modelling allows for improved characterization of drying sessile single droplets

Single droplet drying experiments help to understand droplet drying behavior during spray drying. In this study, high-resolution thermography and high-speed camera monitoring were used to characterize drying behavior of sessile single droplets containing solutes. Selected solutes were maltodextrin with a dextrose equivalent of 6, 21, and 38, whey protein isolate and galacto-oligosaccharide. A heat and mass transfer-based model was developed to describe the drying kinetics of the sessile droplets, assuming ideal shrinkage. This model accurately predicted the drying behavior of the droplets, including the droplet temperature during the constant rate period, the duration of this period, and the final droplet temperature. Remaining differences between measured and predicted droplet temperature are explained by skin formation and subsequent morphological development. Tracking temperature with thermography allows to more accurately follow and understand drying behavior, including morphology development of sessile droplets. It makes it possible to develop better models to translate the obtained insights to spray drying behavior.

Infrared thermography imaging as a diagnostic tool in the case of acute lower limb ischemia

Atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the world. It is a multifocal disease that leads to plaque formation and subsequent ischemia in the arteries of the body. Atherosclerotic obstructive peripheral artery disease causes disturbance of blood delivery to the tissues, which can be translated as temperature decrease on the skin surface, making surface temperature an important indicator of vascular health. Even though there are many classical diagnostic tools for assessing patients with peripheral vascular dysfunction, they have many limitations. On the other hand, infrared thermography imaging presents a noninvasive, relatively cheap, quick and reliable method that does not require direct doctor-to-patient contact. It provides a real time screening information of the tissue perfusion, based on the skin surface temperature. In this article, we present a case of a patient with type B aortic dissection, treated with an endovascular approach. A postprocedural closure device complication led to an acute left lower limb ischemia during the night, which was promptly diagnosed with the help of an onsite high-resolution infrared thermography optimized by specialized AI based software performed by the physician on duty followed by remote evaluation by the operator. The obstruction was treated immediately with successful endovascular recanalization and flow restoration and again evaluated with the thermographic camera confirming excellent tissue vascular result. Infrared thermography imaging can be a time-saving method for physicians, while being a very convenient method for the patient and that is why we advocate on the usage of specialized software supported high resolution thermography imaging as a supplementary diagnostic modality for patients with peripheral artery disease.

Use of high-resolution thermography as a validation measure to confirm epidural anesthesia in mice: a cross-over study

BackgroundEffective epidural anesthesia is confirmed in humans by sensory assessments but these tests are not feasible in mice. We hypothesized that, in mice, infrared thermography would demonstrate selective segmental warming of lower extremities following epidural anesthesia. MethodsWe anesthetized 10 C57BL/6 mice with isoflurane and then inserted a PU-10 epidural catheter under direct surgical microscopy at T11-12. A thermal camera (thermal sensitivity ±0.05°C, pixel resolution 320x240 pixels, and spatial resolution 200 μm) recorded baseline temperature of front and rear paws, tail and ears. Thermography was assessed at baseline and 2, 5, 10, and 15 min after an epidural bolus dose of 50 μL bupivacaine 0.25% or 50 μL saline (control) using a cross-over design with dose order randomized and investigators blinded to study drug. Thermal images were recorded from video and analyzed using FLIR software. Effect over time and maximal effect (Emax) were assessed by repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-tests. Comparisons were between bupivacaine and control, and between lower vs upper extremities. ResultsEpidural bupivacaine caused progressive warming of lower compared with upper extremities (P <0.001), typically returning to baseline by 15 min after administration. Mean (±SD) Emax was +3.73 (±1.56) °C for lower extremities compared with 0.56 (±0.68) °C (P=0.03) for upper extremities. Following epidural saline, there was no effect over time (Emax for lower extremities −0.88 (±0.28) °C compared with the upper extremities −0.88 (±0.19) °C (P >0.99). ConclusionsThermography is a useful tool to confirm epidural catheter placement in animals for which subjective, non-noxious, sensory measures are impossible.

Increasing Warmth in Oncological Patients: A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Pilot Trial Examining the Efficacy of Mustard and Ginger Footbaths.

Objective:To analyze the thermogenic effects of footbaths with medicinal powders in oncological patients (ON) and healthy controls (HC).Intervention and Outcomes:Thirty-six participants (23 ON, 13 HC; 24 females; 49.9 ± 13.3 years) received 3 footbaths in a random order with cross-over design: warm water only (WA), warm water plus mustard (MU, Sinapis nigra), and warm water plus ginger (GI, Zingiber officinale). Warmth perception of the feet (Herdecke Warmth Perception Questionnaire, HeWEF) at the follow-up (10 minutes after completion of footbaths, t2) was assessed as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included overall warmth as well as self-reported warmth (HeWEF) and measured skin temperature (high resolution thermography) of the face, hands and feet at baseline (t0), post immersion (t1), and follow-up (t2).Results:With respect to the warmth perception of the feet, GI and MU differed significantly from WA (P’s < .05) with the highest effect sizes at t1 (WA vs GI, d = 0.92, WA vs MU, d = 0.73). At t2, perceived warmth tended to be higher with GI compared to WA (d = 0.46). No differences were detected between ON and HC for self-reported warmth. With respect to skin temperatures, face and feet skin temperatures of ON were colder (at t0 and t1, 0.42 ≥ d ≥ 0.68) and tended to have diametrical response patterns than HC (ON vs HC: colder vs warmer after MU).Conclusion:Among adult oncological patients and healthy controls, footbaths with mustard and ginger increased warmth perception of the feet longer than with warm water only. The potential impact of regularly administered thermogenic footbaths over extended periods merits further investigation for the recovery of cancer-related sense of cold.

Biomimetic Keratin Gold Nanoparticle-Mediated In Vitro Photothermal Therapy on Glioblastoma Multiforme

Aim: To realize and characterize a new generation of keratin-coated gold nanoparticles (Ker-AuNPs) as highly efficient photosensitive nanosized therapeutics for plasmonic photothermal (PPT)therapy. Materials & methods: The chemical, physical, morphologicaland photothermal properties of Ker-AuNPs are investigated using dynamic light scattering, ζ-potential, UV-Visible, Fouriertransforminfrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and high-resolution thermography. In vitro experiments are performed on a human glioblastoma cell line (i.e., U87-MG), using viability assays, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, cytometric analyses and PPT experiments. Results: Experiments confirm the excellent biocompatibility of Ker-AuNPs, their efficient cellular uptake and localized photothermal heating capabilities. Conclusion: The reported structural and functional properties pointed out these Ker-AuNPs as a promising new tool in the field of biocompatible photothermal agents for PPT treatments against cancer-related diseases.

Role of ambient wavelength, shell size and pigmentation intensity in the heating of Mediterranean Theba pisana (Eupulmonata: Helicidae)

ABSTRACT Theba pisana is a polymorphic land snail widely used in ecophysiological research on the biological significance of solar irradiation. We investigated whether, taking size into account, differently pigmented morphs of a Mediterranean population of T. pisana influence the snails’ heating under different wavelengths. We used a laboratory set-up comprising light-emitting diodes emitting visible light of defined wavelengths and quantified shell heating using high-resolution thermography. Shell pigmentation was quantified densitometrically. There were significant effects of both shell size and light wavelength, such that small snails heated more than large ones over 15 min, and blue light (470 nm) raised temperature more than green light (525 nm). Pigmentation alone did not show significance, but a trend towards higher temperature with increasing pigmentation was evident. Despite the observed significances and trends, we could only explain at most 4.67% of variation in shell heating by multiple regression modelling. However, the light intensity used in this experiment was low and the pigmentation intensity of the shells varied, at most, by a factor of 2. This suggests the actual temperature of a snail depends not only on the tested variables, but also on the multifactorial action of a number of unknown, perhaps intrinsic physiological parameters.

Application of High-Resolution IR Thermography to Study the Surface of Aqueous Solutions

The application of high-resolution IR thermography for qualitative and quantitative determination of impurity concentrations in aqueous solutions is considered. Especially efficient turned out to be comparative analysis and analysis of contaminations: a film arises on the water surface in the presence of impurities, which can be seen well on an IR imager because of the difference in the surface temperatures and structures of convective vortices. It should be especially noted that the method makes it possible to determine low concentrations of impurities of neutral molecules, a case where no changes in the solution conductivity can be recorded using standard conductometric measurements. The problems related to the film simulation and influence of low-concentration impurities on the surface and volume properties of solution are considered.

Increasing Warmth in Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial Examining the Efficacy of Mustard and Ginger Footbaths.

Objective To analyze the thermogenic effects of footbaths with medicinal powders in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) in comparison to healthy controls (HCs). Intervention and Outcomes. Forty-one female participants (21 AN, 20 HCs; 14.22 ± 1.54 years) received three footbaths—warm water and mustard (MU, Sinapis nigra), warm water and ginger (GI, Zingiber officinale), or warm water only (WA), in random order within a crossover design. Data were collected before (t1), immediately after foot immersion (maximum 20 minutes) (t2), and after 10 minutes subsequently (t3). Actual skin temperature (high resolution thermography) and perceived warmth (HeWEF questionnaire) were assessed at each time point for various body parts. The primary outcome measure was self-perceived warmth at the feet at t3. Secondary outcome measures were objective skin temperature and subjective warmth at the face, hands, and feet. Results Perceived warmth at the feet at t3 was significantly higher after GI compared to WA (mean difference −1.02) and MU (−1.07), with no differences between those with AN and HC (−0.29). For the secondary outcome measures, a craniocaudal temperature gradient for the skin temperature (thermography) was noted at t1 for patients with AN and HC (AN with colder feet). The craniocaudal gradient for subjective warmth was only seen for patients with AN. Conclusion Footbaths with ginger increased warmth perception at the feet longer than with mustard or warm water only for adolescents with AN as well as for HC. The impact of ginger footbaths on recovery of thermoregulatory disturbances in patients with AN repeated over extended periods merits further investigation.

The significance of grain size, segregations and inclusions for the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) behavior of tempered martensitic steels

High-loaded tempered steels, being used in mobility, power generation and plant engineering, are frequently exposed to very high numbers of loading cycles (up to 1 billion cycles). Optimization and fatigue testing for such conditions is challenging and difficult, since damage is concentrated to very small areas of local cyclic plasticity. The concentration can be attributed to material inhomogeneities, such as segregations, large grains and non-metallic inclusions. The present paper demonstrates how the fatigue strength can be correlated with the material microstructure for two tempered steels, 50CrMo4 and 16MnCr7 7, respectively, in different heat-treatment conditions. This was shown by means of (i)in-situ damage observation during ultrasonic and resonance fatigue testing using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with high-resolution thermography, and (ii) quantitative analysis of internal VHCF crack initiation and the formation of fine granular areas (FGA) within the fracture surface using focused ion beam milling (FIB).

Variations in the U-Value Measurement of a Whole Dwelling Using Infrared Thermography under Controlled Conditions

U-values of building elements are often determined using point measurements, where infrared imagery may be used to identify a suitable location for these measurements. Current methods identify that surface areas exhibiting a homogeneous temperature—away from regions of thermal bridging—can be used to obtain U-values. In doing so, however, the resulting U-value is assumed to represent that entire building element, contrary to the information given by the initial infrared inspection. This can be problematic when applying these measured U-values to models for predicting energy performance. Three techniques have been used to measure the U-values of external building elements of a full-scale replica of a pre-1920s U.K. home under controlled conditions: point measurements, using heat flux meters, and two variations of infrared thermography at high and low resolutions. U-values determined from each technique were used to calibrate a model of that building and predictions of the heat transfer coefficient, annual energy consumption, and fuel cost were made. Point measurements and low-resolution infrared thermography were found to represent a relatively small proportion of the overall U-value distribution. By propagating the variation of U-values found using high-resolution thermography, the predicted heat transfer coefficient (HTC) was found to vary between 183 W/K to 235 W/K (±12%). This also led to subsequent variations in the predictions for annual energy consumption for heating (between 4923 kWh and 5481 kWh, ±11%); and in the predicted cost of that energy consumption (between £227 and £281, ±24%). This variation is indicative of the sensitivity of energy simulations to sensor placement when carrying out point measurements for U-values.

Does heterogeneity in crop canopy microclimates matter for pests? Evidence from aerial high-resolution thermography

A majority of agricultural pests are influenced by microclimatic conditions that affect their performance and occurrence. Thermal heterogeneity experienced by pests at fine spatial scales is potentially a key to understand pest dynamics, yet its study over entire fields at fine resolution has never been performed. We used aerial infrared thermography to yield high-resolution measurements of crop canopy temperatures in 38 potato fields in the Ecuadorian Andes. In each field, for 30 different plots, we characterized the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of crop canopy temperatures and simultaneously sampled populations of four common leaf-surface dwelling adult pests. We then evaluated the fine-scale thermal heterogeneity implications for pest occurrence and compared a variety of thermal spatial metrics with pest abundance and richness measured in field. We found that the range of temperatures available for pests in crop canopies was independent on scale: pests can access within few centimetres most of the thermal microenvironments recorded at the field level. Also, the availability of thermal microenvironments was dependent on solar radiations: with increasing radiation levels, pests have to travel less distance to reach a variety of thermal environments. At the plot level, we found that the four-studied pests were not clumped into their optimal thermal conditions but rather distributed evenly. Pests having a wide range of favourable microenvironments available within very short distances might be constrained by others factors (resources, enemies). However, we found that pest richness was significantly correlated to both thermal aggregation and diversity index, suggesting that more diverse and distinctly distributed thermal environments in crop fields shelter a higher diversity of pests. As environmental conservation and agronomical management increasingly depend on our ability to understand and predict the responses of species to their environment, we recommend refining global pest distribution predictions using fine-grained microclimatic models to infer accurate responses of organism to climate change. Indeed, fine-scale spatiotemporal heterogeneity of microclimates might provide organisms with more than enough suitable thermal habitats in their actual location to withstand global changes. (Resume d'auteur)

IDENTIFICATION OF DAMAGED ZONES IN C/PPS SPECIMENS SUBJECTED TO FATIGUE LOADING BASED ON HIGH-RESOLUTION THERMOGRAPHY

In this study high resolution thermography is used for identification of damaged zones in Carbon fiber/polyphenylene sulfide (C/PPS) long fiber composite specimens with induced impact damage subjected to tensile fatigue loading. Image processing techniques were applied on thermographs from all loading cases to obtain segmented images of the damaged location that were then used for calculation of the heated area. Results show that the considered method can be used to identify heated area in the vicinity of damage with high confidence at low number of cycles where no significant fatigue effect is present in the material.

Microscopic Damage Evolution During Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF) of Tempered Martensitic Steel

Dimensioning of high-strength steels relies on the knowledge of Wöhler-type S/N data and the assumption of a fatigue limit for applications where the number of load cycles exceeds 107. Very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) experiments applied to a 0.5C-1.25Cr-Mo tempered steel (German designation: 50CrMo4) revealed surface crack initiation at prior austenite grain boundaries in medium strength condition (37HRC) and internal crack initiation at non-metallic inclusions at high strength condition (48HRC). Despite the formation of small cracks during cycling up to 109 cycles, it seems that the medium strength condition exhibits a real fatigue limit. Application of automated electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) within the shallow-notched area of electro-polished fatigue specimens had shown that prior austenite grain boundaries act as effective obstacles to crack propagation. High resolution thermography during cycling of the specimens allowed the identification of local plasticity, which led to crack initiation at a later stage of the fatigue life. It was found that Cr segregation rows play a decisive role in the crack initiation process. By means of high-resolution electron microscopy in combination with focused ion beam milling (FIB), evolution of cyclic plasticity and crack initiation was correlated with the material's microstructure. The results are discussed in terms of the completely different crack initiation mechanisms of medium and high strength variants of the same steel. EBSD and crack propagation data are used to adapt numerical modeling tools to predict crack initiation and short crack propagation.

Investigation of the damage mechanisms during very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) of a tempered carbon steel

The study is an overview of recent investigations dealing with the fatigue damage in the HCF and VHCF regime of 0.5C-1Cr martensitic steel (German designation: 1.7228) in a tempered condition. The experimental part is focussed on the microstructural characterization regarding crystallographic orientation, reconstruction and grain size distribution of prior austenite grains as well as metallographic investigations. Electrolytically polished cylindrical bulk specimens have been loaded under fully reversed (R=-1) loading condition using an ultrasonic fatigue testing machine (f=20000Hz) and an electro-mechanical resonance fatigue testing machine (f=95Hz). By means of a light microscope attached to the testing systems, fatigue crack initiation and propagation were correlated to the material microstructure and the specimens fatigue life. The application of a fast and high resolution thermography camera system in combination with the resonance testing system allows to use the heat dissipation determined on the surface of the fatigue specimen as a measure of specific fatigue damage. The tested specimens have been carefully investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with automated electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. It was found that under HCF and VHCF loading conditions crack initiation is caused by slip band formation between the martensitic laths structure, which leads to microcrack initiation and propagation. The propagation of microcracks is sensitive to changing crystallographic orientations when crossing a grain boundary. In case of run-out specimens (109 cycles) microcracks of the length of several microns have been found that were blocked by prior austenite grain boundaries which act in this case as effective barriers against microcrack propagation.

This Month in JoVE - Assessing Freezing Tolerance in Plants, Patterning 2D Shapes with DNA, Studying Ischemia In Vitro, Studying Social Cognition in Monkeys

Here's a look at what's coming up in the May 2015 issue of JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments. In JoVE Environment, it's the middle of spring in the earth's Northern Hemisphere, so seeds are sprouting and buds are blooming. But for actively growing plants, especially those with no freezing tolerance, a cold snap can be deadly. A hard frost can dramatically alter natural ecosystems and devastate agriculture. Even more concerning, erratic weather patterns related to climate change can cause cold-susceptible plants to bud and bloom too early, then fall victim to a subsequent freeze. To protect plants from freezing, we need a better understanding of the freezing process. Wisniewski et al. describe a protocol to visualize this process using high-resolution infrared thermography (HRIT). Using this technology, scientists can determine how ice forms and propagates, and test various compounds that might alter the freezing process or increase freezing tolerance. In JoVE Chemistry, the principles of self-assembly have been used to engineer a variety of complex structures from biological and non-biological building blocks. This month, Wei et al. present detailed protocols for the self-assembly of single-stranded DNA tiles into complex 2D shapes with the tiles acting as molecular pixels on molecular canvases. These are visualized by atomic force microscopy. The modular nature of this approach allows it to be scalable, and the tiles can self-assemble into tubes and rectangles of varying sizes. This technique is also highly versatile-enabling the construction virtually any 2D shape. In JoVE Clinical & Translational Medicine, ischemic stroke happens when a blockage in an artery restricts blood flow to the brain, depriving it of oxygen and nutrients. When the blood returns, reperfusion can cause further damage by disrupting the blood-brain barrier and triggering inflammation and oxidative stress. There are many in vivo models of ischemia-reperfusion injury, and while all disease models have drawbacks, in vivo models tend to be technically challenging, with limited applicability for mechanistic studies. To help overcome some of these limitations, Alluri et al. present an in vitro model of ischemia-reperfusion, which can be used to study the molecular mechanisms of blood-brain barrier dysfunction and signs of oxidative stress. In JoVE Behavior, Fagot et al. study social cognition in monkeys. In this protocol, monkeys living in social groups have free access to multiple test units. When a monkey enters a testing chamber, and reaches through the hand port, a computer recognizes the monkey through its radio frequency ID (RFID) chip and starts the experiment A touch screen displays the stimulus and a food dispenser delivers the reward. Over several years, this procedure has been shown enhance motivation in the subjects and favor complex learning-particularly the social aspects. You've just had a sneak peek of the May 2015 issue of JoVE. Visit the website to see the full-length articles, plus many more, in JoVE: The Journal of Visualized Experiments.

Thermal properties of high-power diode lasers investigated by means of high resolution thermography

Abstract In the present work, thermal effects in high-power diode lasers are investigated by means of high resolution thermography. Thermal properties of the devices emitting in the 650 nm and 808 nm wavelength ranges are compared. The different versions of the heterostructure design are analyzed. The results show a lowering of active region temperature for diode lasers with asymmetric heterostructure scheme with reduced quantum well distance from the heterostructure surface (and the heat sink). Optimization of technological processes allowed for the improvement of the device performance, e.g. reduction of solder non-uniformities and local defect sites at the mirrors which was visualized by the thermography.

Powerful tools for thermal characterisation of MEMS

Thermal aspects of design and fabrication of sensor structures based on thermally isolated heater filaments [Cs. Dücső, et al., Porous Si bulk micro-machining for thermally isolated membrane formation, Sens. Actuators A 60 (1997) 235–243 [1]] were investigated with special attention to their dynamic properties in order to demonstrate the outstanding possibilities of modelling and characterisation tools in analysis MEMS structures. Thermal engineering was aided by high performance simulation methods, such as finite element modelling (COSMOS) and thermal equivalent circuit simulation using successive network reduction method (SUNRED). The detailed static and dynamic thermal behaviour of the structure was experimentally characterised by applying the high resolution thermography system of the Thermosensorik GmbH and thermal transient tester (T3Ster) of the MicReD Ltd.

1658: Some Make it Cold, Some Make it Hot - Results of High Resolution Thermography in Adolescents with Grade III Varicocele

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium, Wednesday, May 25, 2005, 1:00 - 3:00 pm1 Apr 20051658: Some Make it Cold, Some Make it Hot - Results of High Resolution Thermography in Adolescents with Grade III Varicocele Wojciech Roman Kuzanski, Adam Olszewski, Darius A. Paduch, and Jerzy Krzysztof Niedzielski Wojciech Roman KuzanskiWojciech Roman Kuzanski More articles by this author , Adam OlszewskiAdam Olszewski More articles by this author , Darius A. PaduchDarius A. Paduch More articles by this author , and Jerzy Krzysztof NiedzielskiJerzy Krzysztof Niedzielski More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)35780-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1658: Some Make it Cold, Some Make it Hot - Results of High Resolution Thermography in Adolescents with Grade III Varicocele." The Journal of Urology, 173(4S), p. 449 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 4SApril 2005Page: 449 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Wojciech Roman Kuzanski More articles by this author Adam Olszewski More articles by this author Darius A. Paduch More articles by this author Jerzy Krzysztof Niedzielski More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Transient thermography using evanescent microwave microscope

Very high spatial resolution thermography is of great importance in electronics, biology, and in many other situations where local variations in temperature are needed to study heat dissipation or to monitor metabolism rate which can be directly related to the heat production. Infrared imaging techniques probably are the best way of obtaining thermal maps of large structures. However, the spatial resolution of infrared imaging techniques is limited to a few 100 μm and their temperature resolution is usually around 0.1 K. Here we report on a new evanescent microwave method that is capable of mapping temperature distributions with ≈1 μm spatial resolution. The temperature sensitivity of this probe was better than 0.1 V/K with a minimum detectable signal of 0.01 K with a response time faster than 1 μs.