High Picture Quality Research Articles

A Novel Technique For Enhancing Underwater Visibility Using Non-Local Stretch Directional Gradient

Owing to the many effects of the underwater medium, underwater images are often captured with a hazy quality. These effects are caused by suspended particles in the image forming phase, which cause light absorption and scattering. On account of these pictures with fluctuating levels of dimness and colour variation, traditional algorithms have several disadvantages. Underwater image enhancement’s main goal is to increase the clarity and contrast of underwater photographs in order to solve these issues. Our paper describes a novel technique by combining several algorithms characteristics for achieving the following goals: i) better scattering, (ii) grey world assumption, (iii) non-Local stretch Directional Gradient process. For example, a better scattering model would be better at modelling hazy scenes and overcoming the image illumination dimming effect. Second, for uniform visibility recovery on the captured picture, an appropriate gray world-assumption is used. Finally, the Non-Local stretch and Directional gradient filter work on the edge details and overall dual tone enhancement required for a high-quality picture. Simulation experiments indicate that the proposed methodology produces improved visual effects and has a greater impact on consistency metrics than other methods.

Visible imaging system with changeable field of view on the HL-2A tokamak.

A new visible imaging system characterizing a flexible optical design and delivering high resolution frames is established on the HL-2A tokamak. It features a modular configuration, consisting of a front-end imaging lens, a set of bilateral telecentric relay lenses, and a camera. To avoid the effects of plasma radiation (x and gamma-rays) and magnetic field variation on the camera, it should be away from the coils. Therefore, the length of the relay lenses determines the total size of the imaging system. The main feature of this imaging system is to realize the variation of field of view (FOV) by interchanging the front-end prime lenses or by using a zoom lens directly rather than designing the optical system afresh, which lowers the cost drastically. The primary purpose of varying FOV is to enrich the versatility of this system, i.e., focusing on a narrow FOV such as gas puff imaging or a wide FOV such as the plasma cross sections. During the HL-2A experiments, this visible imaging system is used to provide high quality pictures of the plasma-wall interaction, divertor detachment, pellet injections, and so on. The frames confirmed that a strong radiation close to the X point is correlated with the completely detached inner target.

An Empirical Study on the Differences between Online Picture Reviews and Text Reviews

In the context of e-commerce, online travel agencies often derive useful information from online reviews to improve transactions. Based on the dispute on the usefulness of different types of reviews and social exchange theory, this study investigates how the characteristics of pictures and text influence review reading and review posting behaviors and thus influencing the efficiency of online review systems. By analyzing crawled data of online hotels and conducting experiments, we first find that picture reviews are more useful than text reviews, and high-quality pictures in reviews have a significant impact on review usefulness. Second, posting pictures requires review posters to pay more perceived costs. Third, negative review posters have higher perceived costs, so they are more unwilling to post pictures, especially high-quality pictures. Our results indicate that review platforms need to add incentives to encourage consumers to post high-quality picture reviews and design workable interfaces to reduce the burden of negative reviewers to speed up the purchase decision process for review readers. This study provides theoretical implications by demonstrating how the adoption of the picture in review systems influences both review readers’ and review posters’ behaviors. Additionally, our findings also provide useful managerial insights for online travel suppliers in terms of building an effective review system to promote sales.

The Application of Graph Neural Network Based on Edge Computing in English Teaching Mode Reform

The latest developments in edge computing have paved the way for more efficient data processing especially for simple tasks and lightweight models on the edge of the network, sinking network functions from cloud to edge of the network closer to users. For the reform of English teaching mode, this is also an opportunity to integrate information technology, providing new ideas and new methods for the optimization of English teaching. It improves the efficiency of English reading teaching, stimulates the interest of English learning, enhances students’ autonomous learning ability, and creates favorable conditions for students’ learning and development. This paper designs a MEC-based GNN (GCN-GAN) user preference prediction recommendation model, which can recommend high-quality video or picture text content to the local MEC server based on user browsing history and user preferences. In the experiment, the LFU-LRU joint cache placement strategy used in this article has a cache hit rate of up to 99%. Comparing the GCN-GAN model with other traditional graph neural network models, it performs caching experiments on the Douban English book data and Douban video data sets. The GCN-GAN model has a higher score on the cache task, and the highest speculation accuracy value F1 can reach 86.7.

An Intelligent Deep Learning Enabled Marine Fish Species Detection and Classification Model

In recent times, marine fish species recognition becomes an important research area to protect the ocean environment. It is a tough and time-consuming operation to manually detect marine fish species on the ocean floor. Depending on the situation, extensive sample efforts may be required. These efforts might be harmful to the marine ecosystem. Automated classification methods are capable of properly classifying these fish on a consistent basis. An increasing number of people are becoming interested in utilizing electronic monitoring and reporting with artificial intelligence for the aim of fish identification and enhancing present techniques. It is becoming more usual to use video and pictures of fish (either underwater or on ships) in fishing operations. These techniques are operational, transportable, and non-invasive, and they provide high-quality pictures at a lower cost than traditional approaches. Automated image processing techniques such as Deep Learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML) are now available, and they may be customized to perform efficient fish species identification and segmentation. In this aspect, this paper presents an Intelligent DL based Marine Fish Species Classification (IDL-MFSC) technique. The proposed IDL-MFSC technique involves three major processes such as pre-processing, fish detection and fish classification. Primarily, Weiner filtering-based noise removal process takes place as a pre-processing step. In addition, Mask R-CNN (Mask Region Based Convolutional Neural Networks) with Residual Network as a backbone network is used for fish detection. Moreover, Optimal Deep Kernel Extreme Learning Machine (ODKELM) based classification method is employed for determining the class labels of the marine fish species in which the parameter tuning of the DKELM model takes place using Water Wave Optimization (WWO) technique. The performance of the proposed method is tested using an openly accessible Fish4Knowledge dataset. The experimental result highlights the supremacy of the IDL-MFSC technique over the recent techniques with respect to various measures.

Welcome to the JEADV Clinical Practice

Dear colleagues,Medical practice and research in Dermatology are in constant expansion and evolution. The exponential increase in relevant scientific advances is producing a huge number of high-quality articles being submitted to scientific journals. The classic, printed journals offer limited space for articles, and hence they prioritise basic and therapeutic research over clinically oriented submissions in their quest to score higher impact factors. In an attempt to gain more space, printed journals are pressured to reduce the size and number of relevant clinical images, which are often pertinent to what is reported in an article. As a consequence, important submissions focusing on clinical practice and with a significant teaching value are losing their importance in the editorial and publishing world. Clinicians practising Dermatology and Venereology are eager for high-quality and intuitive visual material that is helpful for their daily practice, but this is nowadays hard to find in classic printed journals. Therefore, new channels are necessary for publishing the unceasingly increasing amount of information coming from the scientific community of Dermatology and Venereology. The JEADV Clinical Practice (JEACP) is an open-access online-only journal published by the EADV in partnership with Wiley. As a companion title to JEADV, the journal offers instant access to updates and relevant topics in clinical practice. Our flexible and intuitive digital format provides an unlimited possibility that will cover the basic and practical aspects of medical, surgical, and aesthetic Dermatology and Venereology. The JEACP is directed to clinical, surgical, and aesthetic dermatologists and venereologists, researchers, nurses, and patients and their caregivers. Dermatologists practising in every setting, from private clinics to academic and university-based centres, are represented in our Journal. The JEACP is a patient-centred journal. Mostly educational and practical content provides practical, easy-to-access, relevant and up-to-date information for the daily practice of dermatology with an aim to help promote the best patient care. Furthermore, our innovative Patient Page will feature reliable and understandable health information for patients and topics focusing on doctor–patient relations and the difficulties of living with skin diseases. The JEACP's innovative formats represent an open space for every new idea coming from the scientific community. The Journal's wide-ranging categories of articles will be enriched with high-quality pictures, videos, slide decks, flowcharts and graphical abstracts. We are an innovative journal that explores the vast opportunities a fully digital publication has to offer and we will make use of social media to effectively disseminate knowledge and engage with our readers and authors alike. To showcase our commitment to enriching articles with diverse digital materials, this Editorial is also available in a video format (see Video S1). Our outstanding Editorial Team has been carefully selected to achieve a perfect mixture of talent, commitment, creativity and experience. I cannot think of a better crew to embark on this exciting journey to create a successful journal from scratch. However, the reason and the purpose of our success are you, our dear readers, and I hope you are equally excited as we are about this project. On behalf of my most esteemed Editorial Team, I welcome you to the JEACP and look forward to engaging you as a critical reader and enthusiastic contributor. Antonio Torrelo has acted as advisor/lecturer/investigator for Lilly, Pfizer, Novartis, Viatris, and Sanofi during the last 12 months. Data are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

Introduction of COVID-19 knowledge via film teaching method.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 has provided new challenges and also opportunities for the development of online education. Based on our experience from the online education after the outbreak of the COVID-19, this article proposes to introduce COVID-19 knowledge through film teaching methods. Films can stimulate students' interest in learning and improve the teaching efficiency of online education with its rich storylines, high-quality pictures, interesting, and entertaining nature. Teachers can carry out online teaching with the aid of films through four key steps: determining the key points of the teaching content, choosing matching films, setting up topic-related questions, and communicating and discussing after watching the film.

Single-Sided Ultrasound Imaging of the Bone Cortex: Anatomy, Tissue Characterization and Blood Flow.

In this chapter, we first review the reasons why conventional ultrasonography fails to image the interior of bones. Next we show our recent work on imaging a cortical bone layer with ultrasound. Revealing the shape of the cortex of a bone, in particular its thickness, is of interest for evaluating bone strength. In addition we describe how the process of reconstructing a truthful image of the bone cortex includes the estimation of ultrasound wave-speed in cortical bone tissue. Cortical bone exhibits elastic anisotropy, which causes anisotropy of ultrasound wave-speed as well. Therefore a faithful and high-quality picture of the bone cortex is obtained if wave-speed anisotropy is taken into account during image reconstruction. Capitalizing on prior knowledge on the elastic anisotropy of cortical bone, a procedure for estimating wave-speed and its anisotropy is described. It is based on the measurement of a head-wave velocity and an autofocus approach. The latter relies on the fact that the reconstructed ultrasound image shows optimal quality if the wave-speed model is correct. In order to achieve real-time imaging of a bone cortex, image reconstruction is performed with a delay-and-sum algorithm. Finally, we report recent advances in the measurement of blood flow in cortical bone.

Step-by-step illustrated guide to central neck dissection.

The incidence of thyroid carcinoma has been increasing worldwide and surgery is the primary treatment. Central compartment dissection of the neck is a very delicate procedure given the risks of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and hypoparathyroidism. This paper gives a detailed description of this surgical technique in a patient affected by papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland, supported by highly representative iconographic materials from a tertiary department. A stepwise description is provided, along with high-quality pictures and specific tips and tricks. Although neck dissection is a well-codified procedure, the fine details of this surgical technique are not currently available and are still the prerogative of the expert surgeon. The central neck compartment contains several vulnerable structures; damage to these structures would affect patients' lives, possibly permanently. Anatomical knowledge and standardisation are needed for all surgeons, particularly new surgeons (such as residents) who cannot rely simply on experience.

An Image Is Worth More than a Thousand Favorites: Surfacing the Hidden Beauty of Flickr Pictures

The dynamics of attention in social media tend to obey power laws. Attention concentrates on a relatively small number of popular items and neglecting the vast majority of content produced by the crowd. Although popularity can be an indication of the perceived value of an item within its community, previous research has hinted to the fact that popularity is distinct from intrinsic quality. As a result, content with low visibility but high quality lurks in the tail of the popularity distribution. This phenomenon can be particularly evident in the case of photo-sharing communities, where valuable photographers who are not highly engaged in online social interactions contribute with high-quality pictures that remain unseen. We propose to use a computer vision method to surface beautiful pictures from the immense pool of near-zero-popularity items, and we test it on a large dataset of creative-commons photos on Flickr. By gathering a large crowdsourced ground truth of aesthetics scores for Flickr images, we show that our method retrieves photos whose median perceived beauty score is equal to the most popular ones, and whose average is lower by only 1.5%.

10.1: Invited Paper: High Uniformity High Color Performance AMOLED Display in Mobile Phone Application

With the resolution and PPI increasing trend of AMOLED, high uniformity high color performance displays face great challenges. For high resolution and larger size, the color and brightness uniformity will get worse. In this paper, a method is proposed to improve brightness and color uniformity, therefore, the high quality picture display is achieved.

Remote Sensing Image Dataset Expansion Based on Generative Adversarial Networks with Modified Shuffle Attention.

With the development of science and technology, neural networks, as an effective tool in image processing, play an important role in gradual remote-sensing image-processing. However, the training of neural networks requires a large sample database. Therefore, expanding datasets with limited samples has gradually become a research hotspot. The emergence of the generative adversarial network (GAN) provides new ideas for data expansion. Traditional GANs either require a large number of input data, or lack detail in the pictures generated. In this paper, we modify a shuffle attention network and introduce it into GAN to generate higher quality pictures with limited inputs. In addition, we improved the existing resize method and proposed an equal stretch resize method to solve the problem of image distortion caused by different input sizes. In the experiment, we also embed the newly proposed coordinate attention (CA) module into the backbone network as a control test. Qualitative indexes and six quantitative evaluation indexes were used to evaluate the experimental results, which show that, compared with other GANs used for picture generation, the modified Shuffle Attention GAN proposed in this paper can generate more refined and high-quality diversified aircraft pictures with more detailed features of the object under limited datasets.

Comparison of Endoscopic Endonasal Approach and Lateral Microsurgical Infratemporal Fossa Approach to the Jugular Foramen: An Anatomical Study.

Objective The jugular foramen is one of the most challenging surgical regions in skull base surgery. With the development of endoscopic techniques, the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has been undertaken to treat some lesions in this area independently or combined with open approaches. The purpose of the current study is to describe the anatomical steps and landmarks for the EEA to the jugular foramen and to compare it with the degree of exposure obtained with the lateral infratemporal fossa approach. Materials and Methods A total of 15 osseous structures related to the jugular foramen were measured in 33 adult dry skulls. Three silicone-injected adult cadaveric heads (six sides) were dissected for EEA and three heads (six sides) were used for a lateral infratemporal fossa approach (Fisch type A). The jugular foramen was exposed, relevant landmarks were demonstrated, and the distances between relevant landmarks and the jugular foramen were obtained. High-quality pictures were obtained. Results The jugular foramen was accessed in all dissections by using either approach. Important anatomical landmarks for EEA include internal carotid artery (ICA), petroclival fissure, inferior petrosal sinus, jugular tubercle, and hypoglossal canal. The EEA exposed the anterior and medial parts of the jugular foramen, while the lateral infratemporal fossa approach (Fisch type A) exposed the lateral and posterior parts of the jugular foramen. With EEA, dissection and transposition of the facial nerve was avoided, but the upper parapharyngeal and paraclival ICA may need to be mobilized to adequately expose the jugular foramen. Conclusion The EEA to the jugular foramen is anatomically feasible but requires mobilization of the ICA to provide access to the anterior and medial aspects of the jugular foramen. The lateral infratemporal approach requires facial nerve transposition to provide access to the lateral and posterior parts of the jugular foramen. A deep understanding of the complex anatomy of this region is paramount for safe and effective surgery of the jugular foramen. Both techniques may be complementary considering the different regions of the jugular foramen accessed with each approach.

Transforming faces to mimic natural kin: A comparison of different paradigms

The ability to detect phenotypic similarity or kinship in third-parties' faces is not perfect, but better than chance. Still, some humans are better than others at this task. Yet researchers in kinship detection have difficulties in building up large and diverse datasets of high-quality pictures of related persons. The current experiments tested a novel method for circumventing this difficulty by using morphing techniques in order to generate a wide array of stimuli derived from a limited number of individual pictures. Six experiments tested various stimuli (standard protocol, mirrored face, other-sex face, other-ethnicity face, other-expression face and antiface). Our benchmarks are the similarity or kinship scores achieved by participants when faced with pictures of real siblings. We show that all stimuli, except the antiface, elicit detection scores similar to those elicited by real pictures of actual siblings. In addition, by exploring different experiment parameters (simultaneous or sequential task, kinship or similarity task) and some individual characteristics, these experiments provide a better understanding of kinship detection in third parties. The validation of our new method will allow widening the range of available stimuli to the research community, and even to develop new ecologically relevant experimental protocols that are hardly or not feasible with veridical images.

Real-Time Animation Complexity of Interactive Clothing Design Based on Computer Simulation

With the innovation of computer, virtual clothing has also emerged. This research mainly discusses the real-time animation complex of interactive clothing design based on computer simulation. In the process of realizing virtual clothing, the sample interpolation synthesis method is used, and the human body sample library is constructed using the above two methods (primitive construction method and model reconstruction method) first, and then, the human body model is obtained by interpolation calculation according to the personalized parameters. Building a clothing model is particularly important for the effect of trying on. The clothing that needs to be displayed can be scanned and then input into the computer to build the model. The model can be directly built in 3DMAX and other software and then its surface texture can be mapped, or the clothing model can be directly built. The 3D model in the 3ds file is loaded by the loop body nested switch branch selection structure. Correspondingly, the write-back operation of 3ds files is similar. Just follow the general structure of the 3ds file and write the root block, version information block, edit information block, key frame information block, etc. to a brand new file in sequence. The main reason for this article to perform the 3ds file write-back operation is that, after the clothing model is dynamically simulated through the dynamic principle, the deformed key animation frame needs to be saved as a 3ds file so that it can be further imported into the 3DSMAX software and generated by the renderer, form high-quality picture information, and finally get high-definition animation video. In the CPU-GPU hybrid method, modules such as force calculation, collision processing, and position update use the GPU method, while overstretching is processed by the CPU method, making the overall performance 10 times higher than the pure CPU method. This research helps to promote the development of 3D virtual clothing design.

Highly efficient nondoped blue electroluminescence based on hybridized local and charge-transfer emitter bearing pyrene-imidazole and pyrene

• A high-efficiency blue emitter is obtained based on pyrene[4,5- d ]imidazole and pyrene. • The nondoped blue OLED shows the maximum EQE of 9.13% with maximum exciton utilization efficiency of 65%. • Extremely small efficiency roll-offs of 0.9% and 6.9% are realized at high brightness of 10,000 and 50000 cd m −2 . Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been explored and utilized in many fields of flat-panel displays nowadays because of their plentiful advantages such as lightweight, high flexibility, high picture quality, etc., and are hopeful to be the next-generation displays. However, improvements to the efficiency of blue OLEDs are still vital to OLEDs as replacements for liquid crystal display technology. A blue light-emitting material is one of the key components in the preparation of OLED displays. Designing molecule based on donor–acceptor (D-A) structure with a hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited state is a appealing strategy for providing an efficient OLED with high external quantum efficiency through efficacious exciton utilization. Herein, a highly efficient blue emitter, PyI-Py, is constructed combining pyrene[4,5- d ]imidazole (weak donor) and pyrene (weak acceptor). The non-doped blue OLED exhibits excellent performance with a maximum current efficiency of 15.74 cd A −1 , a maximum external quantum efficiency (η ext ) of 9.13% and a maximum brightness of as high as 91097 cd m −2 which is rarely obtained for a non-doped blue OLED. Moreover, the η ext can reach 9.05% at very high brightness of 10000 cd m −2 , displaying extremely low efficiency roll-off of 0.9% which displays great superiorities in contrast with most thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials. The device characteristics lie among the highest values in non-doped blue OLEDs based on HLCT emitter and correspond to the best performance achieved for non-doped pyrene-based blue OLEDs to date. A maximum exciton utilization efficiency of 65% is harvested. The superior performance is attributed to the proper donor–acceptor design strategy which results in a HLCT excited state with the generation of a high proportion of singlet excitons.

Using artificially generated pictures in customer-facing systems: an evaluation study with data-driven personas

ABSTRACT We conduct two studies to evaluate the suitability of artificially generated facial pictures for use in a customer-facing system using data-driven personas. STUDY 1 investigates the quality of a sample of 1,000 artificially generated facial pictures. Obtaining 6,812 crowd judgments, we find that 90% of the images are rated medium quality or better. STUDY 2 examines the application of artificially generated facial pictures in data-driven personas using an experimental setting where the high-quality pictures are implemented in persona profiles. Based on 496 participants using 4 persona treatments (2 × 2 research design), findings of Bayesian analysis show that using the artificial pictures in persona profiles did not decrease the scores for Authenticity, Clarity, Empathy, and Willingness to Use of the data-driven personas.

Conceptual rotational mode design for optical conical scanning imaging small satellites

This paper focuses upon the novel optical conical scanning imaging working mode design for small satellites. This kind of satellite employs only one inclined optical camera achieving wide-swath imaging via a rotational motion about the nadir axis either by the camera or by the satellite. Three working modes are designed, i.e., high-speed rotational mode, low-speed rotational mode, and variable-speed rotational mode. For the high-speed and low-speed working modes, the camera rotates at a constant speed and the corresponding angular velocity is derived under the consideration of guaranteed coverage and minimized overlap. To improve the system performance, an enhanced working mode taking advantages of both the high-speed rotational mode and low-speed rotational mode is proposed. Working in this variable-speed rotational mode, the camera rotates slowly to get high-quality pictures when it works, while it rotates rapidly to reduce the energy consumption and save the storage during which period the camera is turned off to minimize the overlap. All these working modes are illustrated in detail, and numerical simulation tests are conducted to validate their effectiveness.

The Protection of Online Shopping Consumer Rights in Australia

As one of the advanced countries in the world, Australia is putting technology as main instrument in dealing with daily activity, included in shopping. Therefore, nowadasys, many Australian rely on online shopping. It seems everything becomes easier when it is dealt online. People do not need to go outside their home and spend their money. What they can merely need is just sit at home and wait for the order. Thus, online shopping can be argued is more effective and efficient in this era. However, beyond this positive aspect, there are also some negative aspects. Among them is the quality of the product. Buyers (consumers) would never see goods or services directly. They only view the products or services through pictures or videos which are available on the website. The problem is, these images and videos might not be as good as reality. The vendors post the high quality pictures and videos on the site merely to attract consumers. Another issue is, difficult to communicate with the seller after buying the product. During the negotiation, it is easy to contact seller, but after the products are sold, majority vendors would “disappear”. Security payment is among on the risk list as well. Therefore, it is interesting to be researched, how the Australian law then protects its society from such risk. The Government claims that the Australian Competition and Consumer (ACC) Act 2010 has become law umbrella in protecting Australian in dealing with online shopping.

Photographic database of the European cave salamanders, genus Hydromantes

European Hydromantes are a group of eight salamander species often occurring in subterranean habitats, which are a difficult environment to explore. All Hydromantes are strictly protected species and thus, low-impact methodologies to study these salamanders are strongly needed. Here we used a photographic technique to produce a large dataset of European Hydromantes, providing standardised pictures of 1,052 individuals belonging to the eight species, including hybrids as well. With our methodology we were able to reduce the handling time of individuals, and produce high quality pictures useful to investigate multiple life traits of these endangered species. Furthermore, the standardised photos provided here can be used for future comparisons of individuals from the surveyed populations.