Underground hydrogen storage, involving periodic injection and extraction of hydrogen gas, serves as a crucial approach for achieving energy peak shaving and accommodating large-scale renewable energy. However, microorganisms residing underground may undergo metabolic reactions when stimulated by hydrogen, producing gases and altering rock surface properties. This could potentially influence hydrogen migration and storage behavior, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To address this, this study introduces microbial reactions within a microfluidic chip and combines hydrogen displacement experiments under varying pressure differentials to reveal two distinct phenomena by which microbial activity influences hydrogen flow pathways. It was observed that when microbially produced gas communicates with hydrogen, it triggers a readjustment of flow pathways and accelerates the advancement of the hydrogen front. In addition, when microbially produced gas forms stable gas mass downstream in the pore network, it induces shifts in dominant flow pathways. Contact angle measurements further confirm that microbial metabolism significantly reduces pore surface wettability, though this wettability change exhibits pronounced spatial heterogeneity. Displacement results under varying pressure differentials reveal that at low pressures, reduced capillary resistance facilitates sweep range and higher hydrogen saturation. Conversely, at high pressures, viscous flow dominates; weakened wettability accelerates breakthrough while inhibiting lateral branch development, ultimately reducing overall saturation. This study provides novel experimental evidence for understanding microbe-flow interactions during underground hydrogen storage.

This study investigated the association between lifestyle exposures (work stress, dietary patterns, and physical activity) and metabolic and hepatic biomarkers among healthcare professionals in Ghana. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 119 participants at the Kibi Government Hospital. The survey included demographic and lifestyle questionnaires, work stress assessments, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical analyses. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Binary logistic regression models were applied to determine the associations. The prevalence of MetS was 11.0%, with high blood pressure (29.7%) and abdominal obesity (57.1%) being the most prevalent MetS components. The majority of participants reported high stress levels (60.4%), and 59.7% engaged in moderate physical activity. Approximately 65.3% had AST/ALT greater than 1. Four dietary patterns were identified: Western Pattern, Traditional mixed pattern, Protein-rich pattern, and Fruit and Dairy pattern. Moderate and high adherence to the Western dietary pattern were significantly associated with increased odds of abdominal obesity (Tertile 2: OR 3.244, 95% CI 1.219-8.629, p-value 0.018, Tertile 3: OR 4.231, 95% CI 1.550-11.546, p-value 0.005). A non-significant association was also observed between elevated triglycerides and ALT (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.998-1.05, p = 0.066). This study highlights a considerable burden of metabolic risk factors among hospital staff in Ghana, with abdominal obesity and elevated blood pressure being the most prevalent components of metabolic syndrome. High work stress levels, moderate physical activity, and elevated AST/ALT ratios (indicating a predominance of hepatocellular injury and suggesting potential liver dysfunction) were also common. Greater adherence to the western dietary pattern was significantly associated with increased odds of abdominal obesity while marginal association was observed between elevated triglycerides and ALT. These findings highlight the need for regular screening for metabolic risk factors and liver function among health professionals. Healthcare institutions should introduce targeted interventions such as nutrition education and improved access to healthy food options to prevent related complications such as liver cirrhosis and diabetes.

Two-dimensional (2D) layered membranes hold great promise in water treatment due to their simple film formation, tunable interlayer spacing, and designable surface chemistry. However, their practical application of aqueous ion sieving is largely constrained by swelling problems. Here, we report a deep dehydration strategy to suppress reswelling after ion-intercalation by removing free and bound water within the interlayer channels. The deep dehydration drives the interlayer free spacing below a critical threshold, enhancing van der Waals and electrostatic interactions, thereby energetically inhibiting rehydration and stabilizing the intercalated ions. Additionally, the intercalated ions can further enhance mono/divalent ion selectivity by reducing the transport energy barrier of monovalent ions. The resulting deeply dehydrated vermiculite membranes exhibit exceptional anti-swelling properties, maintaining narrow interlayer channels that enable high Li+/Mg2+ selectivity over long-term operation. These attributes allow for the extraction of lithium from salt-lake water, facilitating the production of industrial-grade Li2CO3 via an integrated electrodialysis-precipitation process. Notably, the membrane shows minimal water crossover under high osmotic pressure, reducing freshwater consumption. The deep dehydration strategy is not limited to vermiculite but demonstrates broad generalizability to other 2D materials, offering a universal and effective route to address the major challenge of ion sieving in complex aqueous environments.

The ongoing epidemiological and nutritional transitions impose a significant socioeconomic burden on health systems worldwide. However, evidence integrating population-based biological and lifestyle factors with direct economic valuation in mixed public-private health systems is limited in middle-income countries. Therefore, we analyzed factors associated with outpatient utilization and estimated direct costs (adjusted for International Dollars at Purchasing Power Parity - Int$ PPP) in a representative sample for São Paulo City, Brazil, from 2003 to 2015. Pooled cross-sectional observational study, with quantitative analyses of microdata from the São Paulo Health Survey 2003-2015 (ISA-Capital), combined with administrative data from the Brazilian Unified Health System Department of Informatics (SIA-SUS/DATASUS) and the Brazilian Hierarchical Categorization of Medical Procedures (CBHPM). A two-part regression model (logit and generalized linear model) and average marginal effects (ME) were estimated to identify factors associated with the likelihood of utilization and the direct costs of outpatient services. Utilization and costs were higher in more recent survey years. Socioeconomic factors, notably schooling (ME = 13.28, representing a 43.4% relative increase from the sample mean, p < 0.001), showed a stronger statistical association with direct costs than clinical conditions such as high blood pressure (ME = 10.48, 34.2% relative increase, p < 0.001) and overweight (ME = 5.79, 18.9% relative increase, p < 0.001). Female sex (ME = 3.53, 11.5% relative increase, p = 0.004) and private health insurance ownership (ME = 2.99, 9.8% relative increase, p = 0.021) were also positively associated with the outcomes. Our findings suggest that in the urban context of São Paulo, socioeconomic factors are primarily associated with the outpatient economic burden. Therefore, prioritizing equitable health policies targeting socioeconomically vulnerable groups, aiming to increase outpatient access and utilization, alongside early cardiometabolic risk management, may represent important strategies to strengthen the financial sustainability of Brazil's health system while improving population health.

Gastroenteritis remains a common gastrointestinal disorder with health and socioeconomic impacts. However, data on its epidemiological characteristics in rural areas of China are limited. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with gastroenteritis among adults in a rural population in China. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the Early Diagnosis and Early Treatment Project of Esophageal Cancer (2011-2017). A total of 11,518 participants aged 35-75years completed face-to-face questionnaires. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models estimated crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Of all participants, 2,849 were diagnosed with gastroenteritis. Increased risk was associated with female, increased BMI, annual income, fast eating, irregular diet, high blood pressure, salty diet, spicy diet, excessive smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, and consumption of fatty meats, corn, cornmeal, pickled foods, and fried foods. Higher intake of vegetables, fruits, and animal liver was linked to reduced risk. Gastroenteritis in rural Huai'an is closely associated with tobacco use, unhealthy dietary habits, and environmental exposures. Public health interventions focusing on smoking cessation, dietary improvement, and environmental health promotion may provide support for its primary prevention in this population.

How does the sensorimotor system control ultrarapid interceptive actions that must be completed within a few hundred milliseconds under high temporal pressure and spatial uncertainty? Such actions, as exemplified by baseball batting, require sophisticated coordination of perceptual and motor processes. The present experiment examined how these ultrafast interceptive movements are controlled by means of predictive and online processes as temporal constraints and spatial uncertainty were systematically varied. Eighteen skilled collegiate batters performed a high-fidelity virtual reality batting task in which time-to-contact (TTC: 500-375 ms) and spatial uncertainty (high/low) were orthogonally manipulated. Hitting performance (contact rate) remained stable at longer TTCs but declined once the available time fell below ∼425-400 ms, identifying a temporal boundary. As temporal urgency increased, swing initiation occurred earlier while swing duration remained constant, indicating predictive timing adjustments. However, timing error increased sharply near this boundary. Nevertheless, bat-head trajectories continued to diverge according to pitch location, and trial-by-trial variability increased at shorter TTCs, revealing within-swing online adjustments. Together, these findings demonstrate that the sensorimotor system coordinates predictive planning and online visual-motor adjustment within a narrow temporal window, suggesting that predictive and online control are integrated in a hybrid manner in temporal-urgency interception. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

This series supports the use of routine immediate POCUS for all neonatal PICC lines and consideration of real-time ultrasound-guided PICC placement. Warning signs of intra-arterial placement include abnormal line trajectory on radiographs, insertion site oozing, high pump pressures and limb ischaemia (including contralateral limb involvement). Particularly high-risk neonates include those with congenital diaphragmatic hernia whereby mediastinal shift renders radiographic confirmation of PICC position unreliable. • Neonatal PICC position is usually confirmed by radiography, and accidental arterial cannulation (AAC) is considered rare. • AAC occurred more frequently than previously reported and was often not detected clinically or on radiographs. • Point-of-care ultrasound improved identification of AAC and may improve neonatal PICC safety.

Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are bacterial membrane-spanning lipids (MSLs) resembling archaeal MSLs, as they form monolayers and are linked to glycerol backbones via ether bonds. Ubiquitous in soils, sediments, and aquatic environments, their distributions are widely applied as paleoclimate proxies for reconstructing past temperature and pH. Despite this, the understanding of their biological origins and functional roles in cells remains incomplete. While some Acidobacteria are known producers of brGDGTs, genomic evidence and environmental surveys indicate additional bacterial contributors. In this study, we report the first detection of structural analogs of brGDGT in Bacillota that could reflect biosynthetic intermediates in brGDGT biosynthesis. Ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography high resolution multi-stage mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMSn) revealed membrane-spanning diglycerol lipids containing iso-diabolic acid (13,16-dimethyl octacosanedioic acid)-derived alkyl chains. These diglycerol lipids displayed diverse structures, including tetraesters, mixed ester/ether combinations, and often contained vinyl ether bonds. Additionally, "open" MSL, structurally analogous to branched glycerol trialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGTGTs), was also identified. Notably, all brGDGT and brGTGT structural analogs were also detected with a phosphatidylglycerol head group. Experiments showed that the two Bacillota strains, which produce these brGDGT biosynthetic intermediates, responded differently to changes in temperature and oxygen availability, suggesting that environmental regulation of brGDGT-related lipids is taxonomically dependent. Based on these findings, we propose a biosynthetic pathway for brGDGT formation and highlight the physiological implications for interpreting brGDGT-based paleoclimate proxies. This work also expands the known diversity of bacterial sources of brGDGTs and provides new insights into the ecological and evolutionary significance of these lipids.IMPORTANCEBranched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are bacterial membrane-spanning lipids forming monolayers and linked via ether bonds to a glycerol backbone, traits more commonly found in archaeal membranes organized in monolayers. BrGDGTs are commonly used in paleoclimate proxies to assess past temperature and pH, but their predictive power is hampered by the lack of information regarding their biological producers. Branched GDGTs have been detected in just a few species of the Acidobacteria, but there are strong indications that other bacterial phyla also contribute to the pool of brGDGTs in the environment. Here, we report for the first time the production of structural analogs of brGDGTs in Bacillota species, which we speculate could be intermediates leading to their synthesis. This study demonstrates that brGDGTs are probably much more widespread in the bacterial domain than previously thought and opens a new chapter in the determination of potential brGDGT sources in the environment and the potential application in paleoclimatology.

Introduction A paucity of evidence exists as to the comparative effectiveness of various hyperbaric oxygen regimens in preventing delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae. We aimed to compare the effect of four such treatment regimens: (1) PO2 = 2.0ATA for 90 min once; (2) PO2 = 2.0ATA for 90 min thrice; (3) PO2 = 2.8ATA for 90 min once; and (4) PO2 = 2.8ATA for 90 min once followed by two sessions of 2.0ATA. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients treated in a large regional hyperbaric referral facility over the past 30 years, and identified patients displaying any new cognitive, motor or psychiatric symptoms within 2–40 days from exposure to carbon monoxide – any of which was defined as delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae. Excluded were patients not complying with the full prescribed treatment course or those lacking a full medical record for at least a year following exposure. Results Of 312 patients included in the final analysis, the incidence of delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae was 31/87 (36%), 20/54 (37%), 20/102 (20%) and 13/69 (19%) in the 2.0ATA once, 2.0ATA thrice, 2.8ATA once and 2.8ATA thrice treatment groups, respectively (P = 0.011). Patients treated with the lower-pressure regimen (2.0ATA once and thrice) had a significantly higher delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae rate compared to those treated with higher PO2 (2.8ATA once and thrice) − 36.2% versus 19.3% respectively (P = 0.0013). In a multivariate logistic regression model adjusting for age, carboxyhemoglobin levels, and presenting symptoms, the higher-pressure protocol was independently associated with a 55% reduction in the odds of developing delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae (adjusted odds ratio = 0.45; 95% confidence interval: 0.26–0.77; P = 0.004). Increasing the frequency of sessions from one to three was not associated with a statistically significant benefit (P = 0.9). The presence of seizures on admission was the strongest predictor of poor outcome (adjusted odds ratio = 4.27; P = 0.023). Discussion The observed 55% reduction in the odds of developing delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae with the 2.8ATA protocol suggests that achieving a higher initial partial pressure of oxygen is critical to effectively interrupting the inflammatory cascades associated with carbon monoxide toxicity. Because additional sessions did not confer a statistically significant benefit, meeting this initial therapeutic threshold appears more impactful than treatment frequency. Notably, the neuroprotective benefits of the higher-pressure regimen were sustained even among high-risk patients presenting with seizures. Conclusions A PO2 of 2.8ATA rather than 2.0ATA in the initial hyperbaric oxygen session, is associated with superior neuroprotective outcomes, while the overall number of sessions is not.

Heatwaves are intensifying worldwide, often coinciding with high vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and soil drought. Yet, how temperate tree species tolerate these combined stresses remains elusive. Using single-tree gas-exchange chambers, we examined the response of leaf gas exchange and thermoregulation of three broadleaved tree species to a stepwise increase in air temperature (25°C-45°C) along with VPD (2.5-7.9 kPa) under well-watered and moderate drought conditions, followed by a 2-day recovery at 25°C. Across species, heat stress increased transpiration but reduced net assimilation, leading to sharp declines in water-use efficiency. Alongside, leaf cooling intensified, driving leaf temperatures below air temperature. Under moderate drought, restricted stomatal conductance reduced transpirational cooling, causing leaf temperatures to exceed air temperature and increasing heat-related damage. Species differed markedly in their heat responses along the isohydric-anisohydric spectrum. Isohydric Acer platanoides showed early stomatal closure, limited cooling, severe leaf damage, and poor recovery. Anisohydric Quercus robur maintained gas exchange, exhibited minimal leaf damage and recovered rapidly, while Fagus sylvatica showed intermediate responses. Together, these results highlight that the ability of temperate trees to withstand future heatwaves will depend on the interplay between water availability, transpirational cooling, as well as species-specific hydraulic strategy and heattolerance.

Abstract Unstart dynamics are experimentally investigated in a streamtraced hypersonic inlet at angles of attack, $$\alpha = -5^\circ $$ α = - 5 ∘ , $$\alpha = 0^\circ $$ α = 0 ∘ and $$\alpha = 3^\circ $$ α = 3 ∘ . High repetition pressure field imaging and external shock structure imaging are performed to time resolve the unstart shock foot motions and shock train dynamics, which provide mutually evaluating and complementary information about the unstart dynamics. Two distinct unstart responses, referred to as a "weak" and "strong" response, are obtained at low and high back pressure settings. During a weak response, the unstart leading shock was disgorged from the internal passage but oscillated near the cowl closure, with supersonic flow present in the vicinity of the cowl. During a strong response, the unstart shock train is disgorged from the inlet internal passage and the unstart leading shock oscillates in the close vicinity of the inlet leading edge. An entirely subsonic flow entered the inlet internal passage during this response. The influence of angle of attack on the shock dynamics is then evaluated by tracking the unstart leading shock foot. Critical differences were observed in the unstart shock motions and shock velocities between the weak and strong responses for a given angle of attack and for a given response between the different angles of attack. Due to these differences, the unstart duration for a strong response, increased from approximately 11 ms to 14 ms for $$\alpha = -5^\circ $$ α = - 5 ∘ to $$\alpha = 3^\circ $$ α = 3 ∘ . The peak unstart shock speed for $$\alpha = -5^\circ $$ α = - 5 ∘ is approximately 20% higher when compared to $$\alpha = 3^\circ $$ α = 3 ∘ . A new velocity scaling based on the mean inflow velocity at the inlet throat plane makes a better collapse of the peak shock velocity.

Two-dimensional (2D) indium selenide (InSe) has attracted considerable interest due to its superior ballistic transport properties, superplasticity, and thermoelectric properties. Ferroelectricity and a variety of other intriguing physical characteristics. These arise from its van der Waals (vdW) layered structure, interlayer coupling, and intralayer interactions. The vibrational modes of 2D InSe are highly sensitive to thickness. The phase transitions in 2D materials, which are critical to their properties and applications, are closely related to interlayer and intralayer vibrations. However, the effect of the thickness on these vibrational behaviors during phase transitions remains insufficiently understood. In this study, we investigate the Raman spectra of β-InSe with layer numbers (LN) ranging from 4 to 33 under high pressure and construct a pressure LN phase diagram. Unexpectedly, due to the quantum confinement and defect effects, InSe flakes with fewer layers require more energy to undergo phase transitions which is confirmed by PL experiments and DFT calculations, irrespective of whether pressure is being increased or decreased. This research establishes a solid foundation for exploring and characterizing interlayer and intralayer lattice dynamics through pressure engineering in vdW materials.

Academic misconduct poses a severe threat to scientific integrity and medical ethics. While gender disparities in misconduct are widely documented, the underlying cognitive mechanisms explaining why males are more susceptible, and whether a supportive institutional environment can buffer the risks associated with academic pressure and negative attitudes, remain underexplored in the context of Chinese medical education. A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted across medical universities in Southwest China. Standardized assessments evaluating five core constructs, including academic misconduct, academic attitude, institutional environment, ethical climate, and academic pressure, were administered. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and K-means cluster analysis were employed to analyze the mechanisms and student profiles. From an initial cohort of 511 participants, 426 valid questionnaires were retained. The study revealed a robust gender disparity, with male students reporting significantly higher engagement in misconduct (β = 0.29, p < 0.001). SEM analysis demonstrated that Academic Attitude-operationally defined as utilitarian tolerance toward dishonesty-served as a critical mediator, accounting for 50.7% of the total gender effect. Contrary to the strict buffering hypothesis, the institutional environment did not significantly moderate the adverse effects of negative attitudes, partially due to severe range restriction in the highly-regulated sample. Furthermore, cluster analysis identified a distinct "High Misconduct-High Strain" phenotype (11.3% of the sample) characterized by high pressure, negative attitude, and prevalent misconduct. Notably, this group was disproportionately male (60.4%) and exhibited a behavioral phenotype consistent with moral disengagement. The gender gap in academic misconduct is primarily driven by utilitarian cognitive framings rather than behavioral inevitabilities. The limited buffering capacity of environmental factors challenges the reliance on external governance alone. To effectively mitigate misconduct, institutions should avoid over-educating the resilient majority and move toward targeted educational strategies. Interventions should prioritize non-universal cognitive restructuring specifically tailored for the identified high-risk subgroup.

Electronic-grade (EG) C3H6 represents an essential feedstock for semiconductor manufacturing, yet its purification remains energy-intensive due to the difficulty in removing trace C3H8 impurities via conventional cryogenic distillation, which requires high pressure and low temperature operation conditions. In this study, we demonstrate efficient C3H6/C3H8 separation under practical operation conditions using a ZIF-8 membrane prepared at near-freezing temperature. Gas permeation results show that the C3H6/C3H8 separation factor (SF) increases as temperature decreases, reaching 607 at -40 °C and remaining independent of operating pressure. Under industry-relevant conditions (-20 °C, 3 bar), the membrane achieved a SF of 362 with C3H6 flux of 135.3× 10-5 mol m-2 s-1, enabling one-step reduction of C3H8 from 2998 ppm to 8 ppm and complete removal of C4H10 from polymer-grade C3H6 feed. Adsorption-diffusion analysis reveals that enhanced separation at subfreezing temperature originates from increased diffusion selectivity caused by contraction and rigidification of ZIF-8 window. Process analysis further shows that integrating the membrane with distillation column can upgrade 99.5% C3H6 to ~5 N purity while reducing operating cost by 56.57% (1.34 US$ kg-1 EG C3H6).

ABSTRACT Lithium-group IV (Li-Si, Li-Ge, Li-Sn) compounds are promising negative-electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Their mechanical properties and structural stability during lithiation are critical for practical applications. Despite numerous reports on Li-IV compounds with various stoichiometries, high-pressure experimental data remain limited, particularly for Li-Sn systems. In this study, synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed on LiSn, Li₇Sn₂, Li₁₇Sn₄, LiGe, and Li₁₂Ge₇ under high pressure using a diamond anvil cell. The pressure dependence of unit-cell volume and bulk modulus was determined based on the Murnaghan equation of state. No pressure-induced structural phase transitions were identified up to 10–30 GPa for all compounds investigated. A monotonic decrease in the bulk modulus with increasing Li fraction was commonly observed across Li-Sn, Li-Ge, and Li-Si systems. Structural trends across the Li-group IV systems are discussed in comparison with theoretical predictions and reported data.

Clathrate hydrides have attracted considerable attention for their high-temperature superconductivity under high pressure, motivating the enhancement of their superconducting temperature (Tc) through metal doping as a compelling pursuit. Here, we introduce relatively lighter Y into the Ce-H system to tailor its superconductivity, yielding a substituted face-centered cubic (Y,Ce)H10 phase that incorporates a crucial YH10 structural motif unattainable in the binary Y-H system. Remarkably, the resulting (Y,Ce)H10 exhibits superconductivity with a maximum Tc of 206 K, an ∼80% enhancement relative to CeH10, placing it among the very few hydride superconductors that surpass the 200 K regime. Our results demonstrate that the metal element exerts a crucial influence on the superconductivity of clathrate hydrides, with the presence of YH10 units clearly enhancing superconductivity and underscoring elemental substitution as a feasible strategy to further promote superconductivity.

The relationship between physical activity levels and plantar pressure distribution has not been extensively studied in asymptomatic adults, particularly within the South Asian population. Understanding these correlations will help prevent foot pathologies and develop targeted interventions. To investigate the correlation between levels of physical activity, as measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and static and dynamic foot pressure distribution in healthy, asymptomatic adults. This prospective cross-sectional study included 200 asymptomatic participants (aged 18-60 years) at a tertiary care center. Participants were categorized into low, moderate, and high physical activity groups based on the IPAQ scores. Plantar pressure distribution was measured using the BTS P-WALK system during standing as well as walking. Peak pressures across ten anatomical foot regions were recorded and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Static analysis revealed significantly higher peak pressures under the toes (T1 and T2-5) in the high activity group, particularly on the right foot. The midfoot region showed higher pressure in the low-activity group. The moderate activity group had the highest pressure over the forefoot and hindfoot, while individuals with high physical activity had the lowest overall dynamic plantar pressures. These findings emphasize the biomechanical adaptations associated with varying activity levels and underscore the need for personalized physical activity and footwear recommendations.

Diuretics play an important role in managing high blood pressure. The aim of this study was to determine the organic acids, toxicity, and diuretic properties of the ethyl acetate fraction of Phaseolus vulgaris (EPV) in Wistar rats. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis has been used to detect and quantify the organic acids in the EPV fraction. Cytotoxicity tests of Artemia salina larvae and acute oral toxicity tests are carried out to determine the lethal concentrations and doses of EPV. The diuretic properties of EPV were evaluated in Wistar rats for 24 hours by measuring diuresis parameters and urinary electrolyte concentrations. Results: The HPLC analysis report showed the presence of various organic acids in EPV, including malic acid (117.79±0.01 mg/g), oxalic acid (52.47±0.00 mg/g), and citric acid (42.85±0.00 mg/g). EPV seems almost non-toxic, as demonstrated by the larvicidal death lethal concentration (LC50) and the estimated 50% lethal dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight. Measuring diuresis parameters reports that EPV may increase urine volume at the test doses. In addition, the report states that EPV affects electrolyte balance by increasing the excretion of Na+, K+, Cl+, and pH. The intensity of the diuretic effect was significantly higher than that of the negative control. These effects are less pronounced than those caused by pharmacological references but are largely similar to those caused by furosemide. A high concentration of oxalic acids, citric acids and ascorbic acids, combined with the proven urine effects of EPV, strengthens the antihypertension, antioxidant and vasorelaxant properties previously reported. These drug properties demonstrate not only the traditional use of EPV but also its use as a database for the development of innovative therapeutic tools to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Keywords: Diuretic effect; Organic acids; Phaseolus vulgaris ethyl acetate fraction

With the goal of sensitive, selective, targeted, and portable VOC quantification, an atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) source was developed for a miniature high pressure mass spectrometer, the MX908. The APPI source consists of a VUV lamp that was encased in a custom 3D-printed apparatus. Using m-xylene as the testing standard, the effects of pressure, axial RF voltage, aperture voltage, and humidity on the instrument were investigated and optimized. Operating at 0.8 Torr with ambient air as the buffer gas, the instrument showed linearity from 25 to 500 ppbV for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m-xylene without preconcentration.

The recent discovery of superconductivity in Ruddlesden‒Popper (RP) nickelates Rn+1NinO3n+1 (R = rare earth) under high pressure provides a new platform to understand the underlying physics of high-temperature superconductivity. Previous transport measurements suggest a notable correlation between pressure-induced high-temperature superconductivity and a density-wave (DW) state. Therefore, identifying the nature of the DW state is a prerequisite for decoding the superconducting mechanism in the new family of high-temperature superconductors. Here, we report a comprehensive investigation of the ambient-pressure DW transition in high-quality La4Ni3O10 single crystals using 139La (I = 7/2) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR). Our findings reveal a two-stage evolution of the DW order. Below T* ≈ 150 K, a short-range charge order develops in the inner Ni-O layer, accompanied by a dramatic enhancement of spin fluctuations. This is followed by a DW transition at TDW ≈ 133 K, establishing fully developed charge and spin orders across all Ni-O planes. The layer-dependent behaviour highlights that the mechanism of DW transitions in La4Ni3O10 may involve both the interlayer coupling and the electronic structure disparities between the inner and outer layers. These findings provide a new framework for understanding the complex DW state in RP nickelates and their potential role in high-temperature superconductivity.