With the goal of sensitive, selective, targeted, and portable VOC quantification, an atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) source was developed for a miniature high pressure mass spectrometer, the MX908. The APPI source consists of a VUV lamp that was encased in a custom 3D-printed apparatus. Using m-xylene as the testing standard, the effects of pressure, axial RF voltage, aperture voltage, and humidity on the instrument were investigated and optimized. Operating at 0.8 Torr with ambient air as the buffer gas, the instrument showed linearity from 25 to 500 ppbV for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and m-xylene without preconcentration.

Ultrasound cavitation therapy: inducing tumor drug delivery and blood flow changes with clinical ultrasound tools.

High-pressure micro-mix combustion characteristics of hydrogen–oxygen-steam with regenerative cooling

Cardiometabolic risk in adolescents: prevalence and associated factors from a population-based survey (2008-2015).

Differential Effects of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors on All-Cause Mortality in United States Adults With Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).

This study advances continuous supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) drying of aerogel particles by introducing a non-invasive optical method to determine particle residence time in a countercurrent extraction column. In countercurrent operation, scCO₂ flows upward while the particle suspension in ethanol enters from the top. The method enables precise, real-time residence time measurement under high pressure conditions without disturbing the process. The effects of pressure (100–150 bar), temperature (40–80 °C), CO₂ flow rate (30–80 g/min), and suspension flow rate (10–45 g/min) on residence time and drying efficiency were accordingly analyzed. Experiments were performed in a 1.25 m high extraction column, with an internal diameter of 20.5 mm, using highly spherical alginate beads with a diameter of ~ 400 µm as a model system. Evidence of effective solvent removal throughout the whole operation range was provided by determination of the residual ethanol content in the intact aerogel beads after the drying process (0.0053–0.0341 g ethanol /g aerogel ). The dried products featured a specific surface area of 363 ± 27 m²/g, a mesopore volume of 3.2 ± 0.7 cm³/g, consistent with the typical range of alginate aerogels. The combined insights provide a comprehensive picture of the countercurrent column’s operational response and allow the definition of practical operating windows. Elevated temperature and high pressure provide the most favorable trade-off between short residence time and minimized residual ethanol, maximizing the time-specific yield. Overall, the approach establishes a robust, transferable framework for optimizing continuous scCO₂ drying of aerogel particles and supports extension to other particle sizes and formulations. • Continuous scCO₂ drying of freely settling aerogel beads in a countercurrent column • Non-invasive optical residence time distribution measurement in situ under high-pressure operation • Statistical model links P, T, CO₂ and suspension flow to residence time and drying efficiency • ~400 µm alginate beads dried to residual ethanol level of 0.0053–0.0341 g/g • Aerogel quality preserved: 363 m²/g surface area and 3.2 cm³/g pore volume

Disparities in diagnosis and management of hypertension by incarceration status for patients receiving care in the emergency department.

Adults with cardiometabolic conditions are at high risk of smoking-related morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about patterns and predictors of e-cigarette use in this population. The study therefore aims to examine the prevalence and predictors of current e-cigarette use among adults with cardiometabolic conditions. We analysed data from 6633 adults with cardiometabolic conditions who participated in the 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2021 waves of the Scottish Health Survey. For this study, cardiometabolic conditions were defined broadly to include diabetes, high blood pressure, angina, heart attack, and stroke, as well as other physician-diagnosed cardiovascular conditions (irregular heart rhythm, heart murmur, and other heart conditions). Current e-cigarette use was defined as self-reported present use of an e-cigarette or vaping device. Firth penalised multivariable logistic regression was used to examine sociodemographic, behavioural, and health related predictors of e-cigarette use, reporting adjusted odds ratios (AORs), 95 % confidence intervals (CIs), and p values. Overall, 5.2 % (95 % CI: 4.6-5.8) of adults with cardiometabolic conditions were current e-cigarette users, with prevalence ranging from 4.6 % (95 % CI: 4.0-5.2) among those with high blood pressure to 8.0 % (95 % CI: 6.1-10.5) among stroke survivors. E-cigarette use was more common in younger adults. Compared with those aged 16-24 years, adults aged 25-34 years (AOR 0.39, 95 % CI: 0.18-0.87, p = 0.021) and those aged 75+ years (AOR 0.05, 95 % CI: 0.02-0.12, p < 0.001) had lower odds of current e-cigarette use. Compared with never smokers, odds were substantially higher among current smokers (AOR 31.27, 95 % CI: 13.19-74.14, p < 0.001) and ex-smokers (AOR 39.65, 95 % CI: 18.06-87.06, p < 0.001). Reporting a desire to quit smoking was associated with higher odds of e-cigarette use compared with not wanting to quit or not smoking (AOR 2.12, 95 % CI: 1.38-3.25, p = 0.001). Higher odds were also observed among individuals with no educational qualifications (AOR 1.75, 95 % CI: 1.18-2.59, p = 0.005) and those reporting poor general health (AOR 1.36, 95 % CI: 1.04-1.77, p = 0.023). Sex, ethnicity, deprivation, psychological distress, and alcohol consumption were not significantly associated with use in the adjusted model. Among adults with cardiometabolic conditions, e-cigarette use was more common among younger adults, current smokers, ex-smokers, those who wanted to quit smoking, individuals with lower educational attainment, and those reporting poorer health. These findings suggest the need for clinicians managing patients with cardiometabolic conditions to address e-cigarette use in the context of smoking cessation and secondary prevention.

An experimental study and modeling of aluminum particle asymmetric combustion

Comparison of mechanical properties of third generation silk protein for use in osteosynthesis fixation systems.

• Damage Tolerance Criterion (DTC) established for overload damage evaluation • High amplitude narrow pulses affect tolerance sharply while wide pulses stabilize it • Impulse-equivalence framework enables damage assessment for arbitrary shock pulses Projectile-borne electronics are essential components for precision-guided munitions. However, they are subjected to a complex overload environment characterized by high-frequency vibrations, high temperatures, and high pressures during launch. Evaluating overload damage presents a significant challenge. Consequently, this study aims to establish a damage tolerance criterion for projectile-borne electronics in high-g extreme environments using impact overload tests and high-precision numerical simulations. Initially, an impact overload test device was designed and implemented, considering the guidance segment and chamber firing characteristics, to ascertain the overload damage characteristics of projectile-borne electronics. Subsequently, a simulation model incorporating projectile-borne electronics was established and validated to identify the most vulnerable regions and critical overload responses under various conditions. Based on the simulation data, the overload damage tolerance curve was established using a power function regression fitting method. Leveraging the concept of impulse equivalence, the damage tolerance criterion for the high-g extreme environment was formulated. The criterion’s accuracy and practicality were further verified through experimental damage results of electronic components. This study provides a practical design foundation for the anti-high-overload design of projectile-borne electronics.

First-principles study of the mechanical and thermal properties of borates MBO3 (M = Sc, Al, Ga) under high pressure

Carbon dioxide and Methane experimental Henry's law constants assessment in alkaline scrubbing solutions deployed for biogas upgrading at moderate pressure and temperature

Synergistic CO2–H2 effects on corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement of X65 steel under high pressure

First-principles study of high-temperature superconductivity in ScXH8 (X = Y, La, Zr, Mg, Ca, Hf) compounds under high pressure

The demand for protein-based liquid foods is increasing due to growing awareness of the impact of diet on human health. This trend has prompted the food industry to explore minimal processing technologies that ensure both safety and clean-label appeal. This review presents a comprehensive assessment of selected innovative nonthermal technologies-based on high pressure, electromagnetic, acoustic, plasma fields, and membrane filtration principles-to process protein-based liquid foods. Key engineering considerations for designing process conditions suitable for protein systems are discussed. The review also examines the effects of these technologies on microbiological safety and quality attributes, including structural (particle size and microstructure), functional (solubility, rheology, emulsification, and foaming properties), and nutritional aspects (digestibility and allergenicity), along with possible underlying mechanisms. Findings highlight the importance of uniform application of the lethal agent (e.g., pressure, temperature, and electrical field) and thermal effects within the processed volume to validate microbial safety. Product-specific factors such as composition including fat and protein, pH, and water activity must also be carefully considered. Evidence suggests that nonthermal technologies can induce diverse structural and conformational changes in proteins, thereby altering their interactions with other food components and leading to variable impacts on quality attributes such as viscosity and emulsion stability. Increasing thermal intensity in combination with nonthermal agents generally degrade product quality. Future research should aim to optimize nonthermal processing parameters for a variety of protein-based foods by integrating both process and product factors to ensure microbial safety and enhanced product quality. The strategic application of nonthermal technologies-alone or in combination with mild thermal treatments-offers significant potential for developing sustainable, high-quality, and tailor-made protein-based food products.

Magnetism, orbital splitting and electron–phonon coupling of chalcogenide "11" type iron-based superconductors under high pressure

• A Tiered Multi-Objective Optimization (TMOO) method is developed. • Industrial cluster CO 2 transport options were assessed based on cost and LCA impacts. • Power consumed in CO 2 conditioning dominates the cost and LCA impacts. • A low-pressure CO 2 pipeline transport is most optimal for the cluster. • Pipeline construction delays favor CO 2 transport by barges. Carbon Capture and Sequestration is a key technology for decarbonizing energy-intensive industries and power generation. To accelerate its deployment, affordable and efficient carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) transport solutions are needed. In this paper a tiered multi-objective optimization method is developed to predict a hierarchy of CO 2 transport strategies, balancing the financial costs and environmental impacts. The method is applied to optimize the strategies for collecting CO 2 from five energy-intensive industries in the North Sea Port industrial cluster. The results show that a low pressure (35 bar) CO 2 collection pipeline network and a point-to-point CO 2 transport by barges (the ‘hub and spoke’ design) are the two most optimal (tier 1) competitive strategies. Lower-tier solutions involving using higher pressure (110 bar) pipelines and ‘milk round’ shipping of CO 2 , come at greater costs and larger environmental impacts. The costs and environmental impacts are largely attributed to the electricity consumed in CO 2 compression and liquefaction. The use of a low-carbon electricity mix is shown to reduce the environmental impacts by ca 80 % across all the scenarios studied. The study concludes that paying for unabated emissions during two years of construction of the CO 2 pipelines nearly doubles the cost of the project, making CO 2 shipping the more cost-effective solution.

We present an extensive investigation on the properties of Eu 3+ optical emissions associated with deformation of ZnO host applying an external hydrostatic pressure, combining in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence spectroscopy with first-principles calculations. A pressure-induced phase transition from the hexagonal wurtzite to the cubic rocksalt structure near 10 GPa is accompanied by complete quenching of the 5 D 0 → 7 F J emissions near the threshold, followed by a partial but reproducible recovery at higher pressures, likely associated with the emergence of structural disorder. Concurrently, as the crystal field strength increases, the Stark components of the emissions exhibit a systematic redshift (∼0.40 ± 0.02meV/GPa) and pressure-induced broadening (∼0.55 ± 0.02 meV/GPa). The first-principles calculations support the observed pressure-induced shifts in the Eu-4f states and emphasize the influence of lattice symmetry on their electronic environment. These findings establish hydrostatic pressure as a powerful tool for tuning rare-earth optical emissions through symmetry-driven and local-environment modifications, laying the foundation for pressure-engineered photonic functionalities and luminescent devices. • Pressure-driven wurtzite-to-rocksalt transition modulates Eu 3+ luminescence in ZnO. • The structural transition initiates at ∼5.8 GPa, with cubic dominance above 10GPa. • Redshift and Stark splitting due to enhanced lattice symmetry and crystal field. • DFT reveals symmetry-dependent reshaping of electronic states under compression. • Lattice symmetry control governs RE optical activity under extreme conditions.

Effect of high hydrostatic pressure pretreatment-limited hydrolysis combination on the antigenicity and functional properties of whey protein isolates: A peptidomic analysis