HPTLC Research Articles (Page 1)

This study introduces a High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC)-based method for assessing α-amylase activity and inhibition. The method was designed as an alternative to the conventional 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assay, which reports only total inhibition and lacks information on specific hydrolysis products. Starch hydrolysis was examined using α-amylase from porcine pancreas, human saliva, and Aspergillus oryzae. Coupling HPTLC with mass spectrometry enabled the identification of six products formed during enzymatic breakdown. For validation, three key markers of activity (maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose) were quantified after 30min of incubation, confirming accuracy and reproducibility. The validated approach was applied to twelve edible flowers tested as hydroalcoholic extracts and infusions. Heather, peony, and rose showed the highest inhibitory activity, corresponding to 7.68 ± 0.37, 2.37 ± 0.11, and 1.77 ± 0.07mg acarbose equivalents per gram of dry weight, respectively. Compared with the DNS assay, the HPTLC method demonstrated greater precision, minimized matrix interference, and, uniquely, allowed direct visualization of how inhibitors altered both total activity and the distribution of hydrolysis products. These advantages highlight the value of HPTLC as a screening tool for complex plant materials and support its potential in food research, nutraceutical development, and quality control.

The overuse of antibiotics in food animals encourages antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and leads to drug residues entering the human food chain. This study examined antibiotic residues in broiler chickens and the biochemical effects of consuming contaminated meat on Wistar rats. Thirty-two broiler chickens received therapeutic doses of fluoroquinolone, sulfonamide, gentamicin, oxytetracycline, neomycin, tylosin, and penicillin over two weeks, while the control group was given distilled water and standard feed. Meat from treated chickens was incorporated into the diets of rats for four weeks. Analysis using High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and UV spectrophotometry revealed notable antibiotic residues in chicken muscle: penicillin (4.88 mg/g), tylosin (1.17 mg/g), gentamicin (0.31 mg/g), oxytetracycline (0.22 mg/g), neomycin (0.20 mg/g), sulfonamide (0.19 mg/g), and fluoroquinolone (0.015 mg/g), all exceeding United States or European maximum residue limits (MRLs). Residues were also detected in rat muscle, with penicillin (0.153 mg/g) and tylosin (0.138 mg/g) being the highest. Rats fed contaminated meat showed significant increases in liver enzymes (ALT up to 92.07 UI/L; AST up to 88.93 UI/L) and kidney markers (Na⁺ up to 183.93 mmol/L; creatinine up to 12.47 mmol/L) compared to controls. Hematological changes included elevated white blood cell counts (16.60 × 10⁹/L) and packed cell volume (53.17%). These findings confirm that consuming meat from antibiotic-treated poultry can transmit residues capable of causing liver, kidney, and blood abnormalities. Regulatory oversight and responsible antibiotic use in animal production are critical to protect public health.

By modulating pAMPK/iNOS2 and MMP signalling, Immunogrit drives cellular resilience against D-galactose-induced senescence-associated stress markers in human keratinocytes.

Green and white analytical chemistry: Advances, comparisons, future perspectives, and a proposal for green financing model for analytical chemistry.

This paper provides an overview of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) methods for analyzing plant materials and herbal formulations, as described in scientific publications from January 2022 to July 2025. It describes the use of TLC in the qualitative and quantitative examination of plant materials and pharmaceutical preparations containing herbs, including profiling plant materials using TLC and applying it to HPTLC plates. It also describes other modern methods that improve component separations, such as applying TLC to profile plant formulations and detect adulterations and contaminants in them. Additionally, it discusses TLC coupled with other methods, such as principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and image analysis (IA). The quantitative determination of biologically active compounds in herbs and herbal formulations is presented based on methods that combine TLC with densitometry. The paper also discusses TLC with effect-oriented analysis, including the detection of antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme-inhibiting, endocrine-disrupting, genotoxic, and cytotoxic substances. The advantages, disadvantages, and prospects of analyzing plant material using the TLC technique are indicated. TLC/HPTLC has great prospects for use by regulatory authorities due to the low cost of analysis and high throughput.

The genus Eryngium (Apiaceae Lindley) includes over 250 species distributed worldwide. In Michoacán, Mexico, 22 species have been recorded, among them E. beecheyanum (EB), E. heterophyllum (EH), and E. mexiae (EM), which are commonly used in traditional medicine. However, our understanding of their biology and chemical composition remains limited. This study evaluated the phytochemical profile, as well as the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of leaves and roots from these three wild species. Flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and sterols were analyzed using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Antioxidant activity was assessed in vitro using ABTS·+ and DPPH· assays, while antihyperglycemic activity was determined by α-glucosidase inhibition. Six metabolites were detected across all species, with organ-dependent variation. In the leaves, EB showed a high rutin content (241.3 µg/mL), EM contained catechin (137.3 µg/mL), and EH exhibited β sitosterol (315.9 µg/mL). Both leaves and roots of all species showed notable antioxidant activity. EB leaves exhibited inhibition rates of 69.5% and 85.5% in ABTS•+ and DPPH• assays, respectively (IC50 = 22 and 23.47 µg/mL). EH roots showed higher activity, reaching 89.4% and 78.2% inhibition (IC50 = 21.8 and 20.72 µg/mL). Conversely, EM organs exhibited relatively lower radical scavenging capacities; however, EM leaves showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibition (49.1%). Overall, these results suggest that roots generally possess stronger antioxidant potential than leaves, whereas EM leaves stand out for their enzymatic inhibitory activity. These findings highlight the diverse phytochemical and bioactive profiles of E. beecheyanum, E. heterophyllum, and E. mexiae.

Mexican mistletoe (Psittacanthus calyculatus) is an ecologically and pharmacologically relevant hemiparasitic plant whose phytochemical composition varies according to host, organ, and processing. This study analyzed the pericarp, flower, leaf, and peduncle in fresh and freeze-dried conditions. The samples were collected from Forestiera phillyreoides and Mimosa sp. High-performance thin-layer chromatography revealed the presence of malvidin-3-O-glucoside (27.43 ± 1.88 mg/g dry weight [DW]) in freeze-dried pericarps, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (26.55 ± 1.19 mg/g DW) in freeze-dried flowers, and rutin (5.39 ± 1.24 mg/g DW) in freeze-dried leaves collected from Mimosa sp. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirmed the presence of gallic acid (40.40 ± 0.228 mg/g DW in freeze-dried pericarps of Mimosa sp.), which was 42.9% higher than the amount found in F. phillyreoides plants. Regarding antioxidant activity, freeze-dried mistletoe pericarps collected from Mimosa sp. exhibited the highest capacity (85.7–94.9% DPPH· and ABTS·+ inhibition, respectively). For α-glucosidase inhibition, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of freeze-dried flowers and pericarps were low (84–85 μg/mL), comparable to acarbose (62 μg/mL). Freeze-drying increased metabolite concentration by up to 54% for gallic acid in the pericarp of plants collected from Mimosa sp. and enhanced bioactivity. Overall, Mexican mistletoe is established as a nutraceutical source with therapeutic potential and sustainable use value.

Abstract Seedy bananas are used as a traditional medicine in many Asian countries. Even though evidence for the presence of compounds with declared bioactivity in seedy bananas exists, direct assays to ascertain and identify bioactive compounds have not been undertaken so far. In this study, the effect-directed analysis after thin-layer chromatography was used to evaluate the anti-α-glucosidase and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of seedy banana extracts. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)‒bioautography revealed that the extracts indeed contained inhibitors of both studied enzymes. Four main compounds were isolated, and their structures were determined by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Piceatannol, scirpusin A, scirpusin B, and cassigarol E (or its isomer, maackin) were confirmed. This study establishes the bioactivity of seedy bananas on the basis of the stilbenes, which strengthens the evidence for the folk medicine use of this plant.

The exploration of advanced delivery systems for natural antioxidants is crucial for enhancing their bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Metal–organic frameworks, particularly zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), offer promising solutions due to their tunable pore structures, robust chemical stability, and customizable surface functionalities, making them ideal candidates for drug delivery and the encapsulation of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to encapsulate Tamarindus indica L. (TIF) flower extract into ZIF-8 using a Nano-precipitation method to develop the TIF@ZIF-8 nanocomposite with enhanced antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The TIF@ZIF-8 nanocomposite was synthesized via Nano-precipitation. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. The phytochemical composition, physicochemical properties were performed following standard protocols. A qualitative fingerprint of TIF was analyzed using high-performance thin layer chromatography. The key phytoconstituents were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Structural and morphological characterizations of the nanocomposite were performed using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The TIF@ZIF-8 nanocomposite demonstrated significant antioxidant activity with a DPPH scavenging rate of 72.54% and lipid peroxidation inhibition of 69.14%, outperforming Vitamin C and BHT. The IC50 values for DPPH and lipid peroxidation inhibition were 64.14 µg/mL and 57.74 µg/mL, respectively. GC–MS identified key bioactive compounds, including Isobutylene epoxide and Ethyl leucinate. This study demonstrates the potential of ZIF-8 as a carrier for bioactive plant compounds. The TIF@ZIF-8 nanocomposite shows promising antioxidant property, with potential applications in targeted drug delivery, therapeutic formulations, and antioxidant therapies, contributing to advanced nanomaterial design for health and wellness.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11671-025-04377-6.

Purpose: To assess the pharmacognostic and antioxidant activities of the leaf and flower extracts of Lawsonia inermis Lythraceae. Methods: Pharmacognostic analysis involved wet and dry analyses, such as determination of total ash, extractive values, moisture content and phytochemical analysis, while antioxidant activity of plant extracts (100 - 500 μg/mL) was determined through ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Ascorbic acid in different concentrations (100 - 500 μg/mL) was used as the standard. Apart from fluorescence studies, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to identify novel compounds. Results: For the pharmacognostic analysis, total ash values of leaf and flowers were 5.57 ± 0.06 and 3.10 ± 0.03 %, respectively. The results indicated that the total ash value was significantly greater in the leaf than flower (p < 0.05). Low moisture content of the flower extract implied a lesser tendency of bacterial, fungal, or yeast contamination. The phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of secondary metabolites in leaf and flower extracts of L. inermis. The greater proportion of these metabolites in the leaf extract may be ascribed to significantly higher reducing power potential (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The leaf extract possesses superior antioxidant activity compared to the flower extract of Lawsonia inermis and this could be due to the occurrence of a diversity of phytochemicals in the leaves.

A new drug combination of phenylephrine hydrochloride (PHE) and doxylamine succinate (DOX) has been introduced for treating allergic rhinitis. Stability testing is critical for uncovering degradation routes and assessing the stability of combined drugs. This study illustrates the application of two eco-friendly chromatographic techniques which are reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), for assessing PHE and DOX when DOX oxidative degradation product (DOX DEG) is present. Using liquid chromatography- mass spectroscopy to identify DOX DEG. The HPLC method produced the best separation with isocratic elution and a mobile phase consists of ethanol and 0.01 M phosphate buffer pH = 5.0 (30: 70, v/v), and it was pumped at 1.0 mL/min. The analytes were measured at 260.0 nm using diode array detector (DAD), and the Xterra C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm × 5 m) used as a stationary phase. The method demonstrated a linear response for DOX and PHE across a concentration range of 5.00 to 100.00 µg/mL. The range for DOX DEG was 5.00 to 30.00 µg/mL. The limits of detection (LOD) were determined to be 1.44 for DOX, 1.59 for PHE, and 0.84 µg/mL for DOX DEG. Correspondingly, the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 4.32, 4.77, and 2.52 µg/mL for DOX, PHE, and DOX DEG, respectively. The separation in HPTLC was accomplished by combining ethanol, methylene chloride, and ammonia 30% in ratio 7:2.5:0.5 (v/v/v) as a developing system. The drugs were then quantitatively determined at wavelengths of 260.0 nm using UV detector. The linearity range was 4.00–26.00 (µg/band) for DOX and PHE while it was 0.50–10.00 (µg/band) for DOX DEG. Values of LOD were 0.65 ,0.76 and 0.16 µg/band for PHE, DOX, DOX DEG, respectively. While1.95,2.28 and 0.48 µg/band were values of LOQ. Per ICH guidelines, two analytical methods were validated and proven to be reliable, reproducible, and selective. Additionally, sustainability assessments confirmed their green credentials and practical applicability.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-22295-6.

Objective This study aims to develop and validate a rapid and selective High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method for the simultaneous quantification of two bioactive alkaloids berberine (BB) and jatrorrhizine (JZ) from the roots of Tinospora cordifolia (T. cordifolia). The extraction of BB and JZ was carried out using hydroalcoholic and methanolic solvents via the reflux method. These same solvent extracts, which were analyzed by HPTLC, were further assessed for their antioxidant potential. Method The HPTLC method, performed on silica gel 60 F254 using a mobile phase, was validated by assessing sensitivity, linearity, reproducibility, accuracy, LOD, and LOQ. The mobile phase was selected based on the polarity and interaction of the phytoconstituents to achieve optimal separation. Antioxidant activity of both extracts was also evaluated using the DPPH assay. Results The validated HPTLC method showed excellent precision, accuracy, and sensitivity for berberine and jatrorrhizine in T. cordifolia extracts, with strong antioxidant activity comparable to ascorbic acid. Conclusion The method is reliable for routine quality control of T. cordifolia and its formulations, and the antioxidant activity supports the therapeutic potential of these alkaloids.

Hypoxis hemerocallidea (Hypoxidaece) is thoroughly researched and well documented for its plethora of anecdotal and scientifically backed pharmacological potentials. Its anecdotal uses and pharmacological activities are attributed to its extract’s inherent bioactive compounds like hypoxoside, rooperol, and β-sitosterol. This study aimed at conducting a targeted and holistic phytochemical profiling of variations in Hypoxis hemerocallidea (H. hemerocallidea) and related species. The chemotaxonomic classifications of H. hemerocallidea and seven other related species were also carried out to avert the possibility of over harvesting H. hemerocallidea and the encouragement of species inter-change. The plant extracts were analysed with reverse phase ultra-pure liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography, as well as high-performance thin-layer chromatography. The generated chromatographic data were made compatible for chemometric computation using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) models. The results obtained unveil orcinol glycoside, curculigoside C, hypoxoside, dehydroxyhypoxoside, bisdehydroxy hypoxoside, hemerocalloside, galpinoside, cholchicoside, geraniol glycoside, β-sitosterol, oleic acid, and 2-hydroxyethyl linoleate as target phytochemicals that define the profiles of the Hypoxis species. In addition, three distinct chemotypes defined by hemerocalloside, galpinoside, and colchicoside, respectively, were observed, as well as holistic variations in all secondary metabolites. Due to similarities in the phytochemical constituents of selected species, species inter-change seems imminent if further research confirms the findings of this study.

Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) a gram negative, facultative, zoonotically important intracellular anaerobe causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis (NTS), which impacts huge economic losses in both veterinary and medical field. This bacterium manipulates various host processes, including host lipids metabolism for its survival. Nitrate anaerobic regulator L (NarL) is an important transcriptional regulator that mediates its pathogenesis under anaerobic conditions. However, the effect of narL on host lipid biogenesis is not well defined. In this study, the effect of narL on lipid metabolism in murine macrophages infected with STM: Wild, STM: ΔnarL, and STM: cnarL was investigated. RAW264.7 macrophages infected with STM: ΔnarL exhibited 48.6% less lipid droplet (LD) accumulation at 6h, but 50% more than STM: WT at 24h. Further, quantification of LDs by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) showed significant accumulation of oleic acid among nonpolar lipids and phosphatidyl ethanolamine among polar lipids in infected murine macrophages. Quantification of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism by Real time PCR showed a significant upregulation (P ≤ 0.01) of agpat1, fasn, and dgat1 at 6 hpi; however, atgl, hsl, pla2, and pparα were found to be upregulated at 24 hpi. Moreover, there was more survivability of STM in presence of oleic acid than phosphatidyl ethanolamine. However, STM: ΔnarL showed significantly decrease (P ≤ 0.01) in colony forming unit (CFU) as compared to STM: WT at each time point in presence of both polar and non polar lipid. These finding suggests narL modulates lipid biogenesis inside the host cells. These observations provide an insight into the host pathogen interactions that would be targeted for developing new control strategies against salmonellosis.

Abstract Background Sepia pharaonis, a marine cuttlefish, contains bioactive compounds such as posterior salivary gland toxin with medicinal potential, though its pharmacological effects are largely unknown. This research is one of the first comprehensive studies to explore the chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and anticancer effects of sepia ink against chemically induced HCC in rats, integrating in-vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico approaches. These findings suggest Sepia ink polysaccharides (SIP) could provide a low-toxicity, multi-targeted therapeutic option for HCC, potentially overcoming limitations of current standard treatments like drug resistance and organ toxicity. This study investigates Sepia ink's chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and anticancer potential. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was induced in rats using N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) and phenobarbitone (PB). SIP were administered intraperitoneally at high doses (400 mg/kg), and its effects on body weight, liver marker enzymes, antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic), phase I metabolizing enzymes, and macromolecular damage in the liver were evaluated. Results In-vitro studies on HepG2 cells demonstrated an IC50 > 80 μM. Histopathological and biochemical analyses confirmed SIP’s dose-dependent hepatoprotective activity, restoring altered parameters to near-normal levels. High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) revealed seven bioactive compounds in SIP. In-silico studies identified Fucoidan Ligand-7 as a potent inhibitor of the Bcl-2 receptor, with a binding energy of −14.54 kcal/mol. Western blot analysis showed significant reductions in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level in SIP-treated HCC rats. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a liver tumor biomarker, was significantly reduced in the SIP-treated group compared to the DEN-induced group. Discussion These findings highlight SIP’s hepatoprotective and anticancer potential, suggesting its therapeutic value against DEN-induced HCC and its ability to enhance the antioxidant defense system. Graphical Abstract

Little millet (Panicum sumatrense) is an underutilized cereal with the potential to enhance nutritional security, particularly in areas facing malnutrition. Despite its resilience and adaptability, its nutritional profile has not been characterized comprehensively across genotypes. This study presents the nutritional and phytochemical profiling of little millet genotypes conserved by local farmers and tribal communities in South Gujarat, India. Proximate analysis revealed substantial variation, with mean values for moisture (812 ± 1.1 g kg-1), carbohydrate (681.4 ± 2.9 g kg-1), protein (62.5 ± 0.5 g kg-1), fat (16.9-40.2 ± 0.4 g kg-1), fiber (32.3 ± 0.7 g kg-1), and ash (43.3 ± 0.9 g kg-1). Mineral profiling indicated diverse micronutrient levels: Zn (39.4 ± 1.9 mg kg-1), Fe (48.4 ± 2.7 mg kg-1), Mn (2.5 ± 0.2 mg kg-1), P (1146.4 ± 168.8 mg kg-1), K (2386.7 ± 622.1 mg kg-1), Ca (184.6 ± 11.4 mg kg-1), Cu (50.6 ± 0.9 mg kg-1), and Mg (1331.9 ± 283.2 mg kg-1). Phytochemical profiling showed that total phenol content (1021.9 ± 1.4 mg kg-1) was ~1.5 times higher than that in foxtail millet and was also rich in flavonoids, phytic acid, tannins, cyanide, oxalate, and trypsin inhibitors. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) identified the WV-151, WV-153, and WV-158 genotypes as rich in essential amino acids. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics detected 120 metabolites, including oleic acid and flavonoids with cardiovascular benefits. Little millet genotypes possess substantial nutritional and phytochemical diversity. These findings emphasize their potential for inclusion in dietary interventions and crop improvement programs aimed at enhancing food and nutritional security. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Amlak kshudbodhak (AK) is a promising appetizer, offering a sweet and sour flavour. It is usually taken half an hour before a meal because it helps in digestion and nutrient absorption. In the present study, pharmacognostic standardization, physicochemical properties, antioxidant and quality control evaluation of AK was conducted. According to standard procedures, the AK recipe was analyzed for phytochemical identification, total flavonoids, total phenolic content, in vitro radical scavenging assays, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis, microscopical characteristics, physicochemical properties and the presence of aflatoxin, heavy metals, essential minerals and pesticides. HPTLC profiling confirmed that the AK extract contains a range of phytochemicals. In-vitro radical scavenging assays showed significant, dose-dependent inhibition by AK aqueous (AQ), alcoholic (AL) and hydroalcoholic (HA) extracts. Powder microscopy of AK revealed polygonal, thin and straight walled epicarp cells, fibers with pits, broken fragments of tracheids, lignified spiral thickenings, stone cells and elongated, irregular mesocarpic cells of Phyllanthus emblica L. Furthermore, aflatoxins, heavy metals, minerals and pesticides were assessed according to standard limits, along with total ash, acid-insoluble ash, water-soluble extractive value and alcohol-soluble extractive value. The results of the study showed that AK exhibited the highest antioxidant activityand was free from aflatoxin, heavy metals and pesticide residues. However, essential minerals were detected and microscopical studies confirmed the presence of medicinal plant material. This recipe may be beneficial for individual with malabsorption syndrome, as it is rich in vitamin C, helps prevents communicable and non-communicable diseases and may reduce the risk of hepatitis.

The assignment of bioactivity to compounds within complex natural product (NPs) mixtures remains a significant challenge in NPs research. The present research introduces a comprehensive protocol, named "PLANTA (PhytochemicaL Analysis for NaTural bioActives)" protocol, for the detection and identification of bioactive compounds in complex natural extracts prior to isolation combining the NMR-HeteroCovariance Approach (NMR-HetCA), high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), and chemometric techniques. This study emphasizes two novel components: STOCSY-guided targeted spectral depletion, adapted to resolve overlapping NMR signals in complex matrices, improve minor component detection, and facilitate identification through NMR databases, as well as a new SHY variant termed SH-SCY (Statistical Heterocovariance - SpectroChromatographY), a new cross-correlation method linking orthogonal datasets by identifying the corresponding HPTLC spot from a single NMR peak and reconstructing of the 1H NMR spectrum from a specific HPTLC spot, enhancing dereplication confidence. In this proof-of-concept study, an artificial extract (ArtExtr) composed of 59 standard compounds was evaluated for the detection of compounds active against the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Statistical approaches were applied to the spectral, chromatographic, and bioactivity data to identify the highly correlated bioactive compounds. The PLANTA protocol achieved an 89.5% detection rate of active metabolites and 73.7% correct identification of them. The integration of NMR and HPTLC with HetCA provides a robust and sensitive strategy for preisolation identification of bioactive constituents. This methodology addresses core challenges in metabolite profiling of complex mixtures and offers a streamlined, reproducible workflow for natural product dereplication and discovery.

Abstract Pichichio (Solanum mammosum) is a tropical plant known for its pharmacological properties, primarily associated with its fruit and leaves. Ethanolic extracts of its fruit and leaves are being studied for the first time as a green corrosion inhibitor due to their effectiveness on low carbon steel in acidic medium (1.0 M HCl) based on ASTM G 31. The extracts Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography had identified coumarins, polyphenolic compounds, and possible anthraquinones. Pichichio leaf extract (PLE) exhibiting higher antioxidant capacity compared to pichichio fruit extract (PFE) but this property does not show a clear correlation with inhibition efficiency. Gravimetric analysis indicated that both extracts provide significant corrosion inhibition (greater than 90 %) at concentrations of 1000 mg L−1, though the inhibition efficiency decreases with lower concentrations, higher temperatures, and extended application times. Electrochemical analysis revealed Randles-type behavior with deviations at low frequencies, as well as slight variations in the open circuit potential (E oc) and Tafel slopes. Both extracts (PLE and PFE) act as mixed-type inhibitors, with a predominant barrier effect, displaying Langmuir-type adsorption curves for PFE and Flory-Huggins-type for PLE. The variations in the thermodynamic adsorption energies are significant only for PFE, suggesting better surface interaction. Surface visualization through physical methods suggests that the extracts reduce overall surface roughness, which correlates well with their barrier effect.

A high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method to identify lichen compounds and highlight their antibacterial activity