Higher Levels Of Family Research Articles

I Might Be a Goody Two-Shoes, but at Least I Have a Job! An Examination of the Correlates of Following Institutional Rules Among Texas Prison Guards

ABSTRACT For prisons and jails to run effectively and efficiently, correctional officers need to follow institutional policies and rules. Failure to follow the rules could lead to deviant acts of officer-on-inmate brutality, inappropriate staff-inmate relationships, as well as a variety of other unprofessional behaviors that could undermine the prison regime. In this exploratory study, we collected 501 questionnaires from prison officers in Texas to examine the dynamics of rule-following. Using the job demands-resources model to guide in the interpretation of our analyses, we found that older officers, as well as female officers, were significantly more likely than their peers to follow institutional rules. Officers with high levels of family and supervisor support were also likely to follow the rules; however, respondents who experienced role strain were significantly less likely to adhere to agency policies and procedures. Our findings have important implications for the contemporary management of prisons and jails.

Using a Collection Heath Index to prioritise access and activities in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection

A Collection Health Index (CHI) is a useful approach to help scope new activities, prioritise curation and accelerate digitisation within taxonomic collections. We use a Collection Health Index (CHI), based on McGinley (1993), to profile the curation levels in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection for major insect groups. There are several highly curated and well known groups (Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, ‘Other Insects’). However, three major issues were identified: 1) curation becoming increasingly outdated in sections with large numbers of, particularly older, specimens (Coleoptera, Diptera); 2) historically poorer curation, with no resident expertise or resource (Diptera); and 3) high levels of family and genus-only material that needs further identification and a significant amount of alpha level taxonomy (parts of Coleoptera, parts of Diptera and Hymenoptera). Assessment using the CHI is simple and fast, allows future planning and is based on common issues for collection management, such as care, accessibility, organisation and data capture.

Turnover intentions: the roles of job satisfaction and family support

PurposeThis paper examines the factors that influence the work attitudes of employees and the conditional effects of family support on the job demand–turnover intention relationship.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a sample of 231 employees working in the manufacturing industry in Vietnam to test the conceptual model.FindingsDrawing upon the job demands-resources (JD-R) model and job embeddedness theory, the authors found that employees' psychological capital and family support influenced turnover intentions through enhancing their job satisfaction. The authors also found that the influence of job demands on turnover intentions was altered when employees had higher levels of family support.Originality/valueThis study provides important insights for human resource managers regarding what may influence employees' job satisfaction and turnover intentions. The findings advance turnover literature by highlighting the important roles of both internal resources (psychological capital) and external resources (family support) in influencing employee turnover intentions in Vietnam.

Personal and Perceived Stigmas in Adolescents toward Peers with Mental Disorders in West Sumatra Indonesia

BACKGROUND: The number of mental disorders in adolescents tends to increase every year in Indonesia. However, the stigma of mental disorders is a crucial factor that makes teens hide their mental health problem.
 AIM: This study aimed to examine personal and perceived among adolescents towards peers with mental disorders (PMD) and to identify predictors of these constructs.
 METHODS: This quantitative study with a cross-sectional design recruited 977 adolescents using a cluster random sampling technique. Adolescent stigma was assessed using the Peer Mental Health Stigmatization Scale (PMHSS). Multivariable general linear models (GLMs) was used for analysis.
 RESULTS: The study shows that the perceived stigma (M = 36.62, SD = 5,183) tends to be higher than personal stigma (M = 39.49, SD = 5,495). Higher personal stigma was predicted by a lower level of academic (P < 0.01), lower levels of family monthly income (P < 0.01), and higher perceived stigma (P < 0.001). Higher perceived stigma was predicted by younger age (P < 0.05), lower levels of academic (P < 0.05), higher levels of family monthly income (P < 0.05), and higher personal stigma (P < 0.001).
 CONCLUSION: The Findings suggest that stigmatization towards PMD is common among adolescents. The development of intervention programs should be directed at reducing negative perceptions of the environment. The identified predictors must also be considered in the development of future anti-stigma programs.

Description Of The Development Of Children Age 4-5 Years In TK Pelangi

There are several factors that can affect children's development that is not fulfilled, namely, poverty, malnutrition, high levels of family and environmental stress that cause children to be exposed to violence, abuse, and lack of attention and learning opportunities. Children who do not have enough learning time or even do not have the same opportunity to learn can affect their motor development, for example, the brain damage that does not support children to develop motor skills. Lack of research that discusses the developmental picture in children aged 4-5 years, so researchers are interested in doing this research. The purpose of this study was to determine the development of children aged 4-5 years in Pelangi Kindergarten, Anrang Village, Bonto Masunggu Hamlet, Bulukumba Regency in 2020. The method used in this research is descriptive design, which aims to get a picture of the development of children aged 4-5 years in Kindergarten Pelangi, Anrang Village, Kec. Rilau Ale. The population in this study was 31 respondents and the sample size was 31 child respondents in Kindergarten Pelangi, Anrang Village, Kec. Rilau ale. The results obtained are that the researcher found the results of 31 respondents with the highest motor development results in accordance with the number of 21 respondents (67.7%), while with the lowest development there were deviations with respondent 3 (9.7%). The conclusion and suggestion are that there is a description of the development of children in Kindergarten Pelangi, Anrang Village, Kec. Rilau Ale

Rethinking Urban Female Adolescents' Safety Net: The Role of Family, Peers, and Sexual Partners in Social Support.

To examine how interpersonal factors are associated with family, peer, and partner social support among urban female adolescents in sexual relationships. Secondary data analysis of cross-sectional data. Two urban health clinics and community sites in Baltimore, Maryland. One hundred sixteen female adolescents (ages 16-19) with 131 heterosexual relationships from the Perceived Risk of Sexually Transmitted Diseases cohort. Interpersonal factors included parental monitoring, friend-partner connectedness, and feelings of intimacy for partner. Social support was measured using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support with family, peer, and partner subdomains. Multivariable linear regression models using baseline data and accounting for clustering of partners. Adolescents perceived high levels of family, peer, and partner support, with the greatest coming from partners (range: 1-5; family mean: 4.0 [95% confidence interval, CI: 3.83-4.18]; peer mean: 4.2 [95% CI: 4.05-4.33]; partner mean: 4.5 [95% CI: 4.36-4.60]). Parental monitoring and friend-partner connectedness were significantly associated with greater family (b = 0.11, standard error [SE] = 0.03, P = 0.001; b = 0.15, SE = 0.06, P = .02) and peer support (b = 0.06, SE = 0.02, P = .01; b = 0.29, SE = 0.07, P < .001). Feelings of intimacy for partner was significantly associated with greater partner support (b = 0.08, SE = 0.03, P = .02). Feeling connected to one's social network and having a connected network is an important contribution to social support for urban female adolescents in sexual relationships. Future research targeting interpersonal factors is warranted, as it may result in increased social support and promote positive sexual health behaviors in an urban female adolescent population.

Does social capital benefit resilience for left-behind children? An evidence from Mainland China

As the largest developing country in the world, China undergoes continuous urbanization, which has led to the increasing number of left-behind children. This study aimed to adopt an ecological framework to explore how social capital embedded in family, peer, school, and community interplay and affect the resilience of left-behind children. Data of 476 (male = 244; female = 232) left-behind children in Chuzhou City, Mainland China were collected through multi-stage cluster random sampling. Structural equation modeling with Amos 21.0 was used to verify the hypothesized model. The results demonstrated that higher levels of family, school, and community social capital were associated with greater resilience of left-behind children. However, peer social capital did not have significant effect on the resilience of left-behind children. In addition, this study found that the community social capital would indirectly influence the resilience of left-behind children through the mediators of family and school social capital. The implications of these findings on theory, social work services and social policy were discussed.

A qualitative study of health care providers\u2019 perceptions and experiences of working together to care for children with medical complexity (CMC)

BackgroundChildren with medical complexity (CMC) have a wide range of long term health problems and disabilities that have an adverse impact on their quality of life. They have high levels of family identified health care needs and health care utilisation. There is no Australian literature on the experiences of health care providers working in the Australian tertiary, secondary and primary health care system, whilst managing CMC. This information is essential to inform the design of integrated health care systems for these children. We address this knowledge gap by exploring the perceptions and experiences of health care providers on the provision of health care for CMC aged 0 to 18 years.MethodA qualitative research study was undertaken. Stakeholder forums, group and individual in depth interviews were undertaken using a semi-structured interview guide. The stakeholder forums were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Field notes of the stakeholder forums, group and individual interviews were taken. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken to identify key themes.ResultsOne hundred and three providers took part in the stakeholder forums and interviews across 3 local health districts, a tertiary paediatric hospital network, and primary health care organisations. Providers expressed concern regarding family capacity to negotiate the system, which was impacted by the medical complexity of the children and psychosocial complexity of their families. Lack of health care provider capacity in terms of their skills, time and availability to manage CMC was also a key problem. These issues occurred within a health system that had impaired capacity in terms of fragmentation of care and limited communication among health care providers.ConclusionWhen designing integrated care models for CMC, it is essential to understand and address the challenges experienced by their health care providers. This requires adequate training of providers, additional resources and time for coordination of care, improved systems of communication among services, with timely access to key information for parents and providers.

Family and peer association among first time and repeated male offenders-A comparative study

The present study compares repeated and first time male offenders in the hope of better understanding repeated offenders. For the purpose we have focused two criminogenic needs such as peer association and family support. The study adopted a quantitative research method, using the descriptive survey design. The sample for the study consisted of 100 first time male offenders and 100 repeated male offenders from the Kerala state. Stratified random sampling method was used to collect the data with the help of ORAS CST tool developed by the University of Cincinnati. Two hypotheses were framed for the study and analysed using chi-square test. The result showed that On the whole majority of the sample studies had moderate to high levels of family and social support. In peer association, repeated offenders had higher levels of association than first time offenders. Repeated and first time offenders did not differ significantly in their extent of family and social support

Effects of multi-dimensional social capital on mental health of children in poverty: An empirical study in Mainland China.

Using the data of 1314 underprivileged children in Xiushui, China, this study adopted an ecological framework to explore how social capital embedded in family, peer, school, and community interplay and affect the mental health of poor children. Structural equation modeling was employed to verify the hypothesized model. The results demonstrated that higher levels of family, peer, and school social capital were all associated with better mental health outcomes of children in poverty. Moreover, family, peer, and school social capital fully mediated the effect of community social capital on children's mental health. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

Perceptions of social capital and sexual behaviour among youth in South Africa

With about one quarter of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections occuring in young people, there is an on-going debate regarding the role of social capital on youth sexual behaviour. Some studies have suggested that high levels of family and community social capital may act as protective factors that lessen the likelihood of negative consequences; while others have concluded that social capital may be a risk factor for risky sexual behaviour among youth.Using data from the Third National Communications Survey (2012) conducted in South Africa, we examined the relationship between perceptions of social capital and youth sexual behaviour measured by age at first sex and condom use among 3 399 males and females (aged between 16 and 24 years). We assessed community perceptions of social capital with questions that measured trust, social participation, and support. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to predict the risk for early sexual debut. Logistic regression was used to predict the odds of condom use.There was no association between perceptions of social capital and youth sexual behaviour. This work reveals that youth sexual behaviour in South Africa may be influenced by socio-economic characteristics, especially at the individual level.

Examining risk, strengths, and functioning of foster families: Implications for strengths-based practice

ABSTRACTFoster families provide safe and stable homes for children and youth who are removed from their homes due to maltreatment. Despite the stressors associated with bringing children in and out of a family’s home, many maintain healthy family functioning and continue fostering for many years serving an essential function in the child welfare system. This study sought to understand the factors that explained higher levels of family functioning within foster families. Collaborating with one statewide public child welfare agency, 681 licensed foster parents participated in an online survey that examined the association between family functioning with family strengths and risk factors. Findings from this study can inform strengths-based practice including training, assessment, and interventions for new and existing foster families to strengthen families and improve the well-being of children and youth in their care.

Familial Influences on Dating Violence Victimization Among Latino Youth

ABSTRACTDespite theoretical and empirical evidence suggesting that the family environment plays a central role in Latino youth development, relatively little is known about how family processes influence dating violence victimization among Latino adolescents. To address this gap in the literature, we used data from 210 Latino parents and their 13- to 15-year-old adolescents to examine associations between several different family processes, including both parenting practices (parent monitoring, parent–adolescent communication) and aspects of the family relational climate (family cohesion, family conflict, acculturation conflict) and psychological, physical, and sexual dating violence victimization. Consistent with expectations, lower levels of family cohesion and higher levels of family and acculturation conflict were associated with risk for dating violence victimization, although associations varied depending on victimization type. In contrast, neither parental monitoring nor parent–adolescent communication was significantly associated with any type of dating violence victimization. In addition, we found that parent, but not teen, Anglo-American acculturation was associated with higher dating violence victimization risk. Findings suggest that family-based dating abuse prevention programs for Latino youth should seek to increase family cohesion and decrease family conflict, including acculturation-based conflict.

Effects of Social Capital in Multiple Contexts on the Psychosocial Adjustment of Chinese Migrant Children

Drawing upon a sample of 772 migrant children and their parents in Shanghai, China, this study used an ecological framework to investigate how social capital embedded in a range of social contexts (i.e., family, school, peer, and community) influenced the psychosocial adjustment of Chinese migrant children. Using structural equation modeling with latent variables, the study results suggested that higher levels of family, school, and peer social capital were all associated with better psychosocial adjustment of migrant children, with school social capital showing the strongest effect. In addition, these three dimensions of social capital also mediated the effect of community social capital on children’s psychosocial adjustment. Implications of these findings for theory, practice, and future research were discussed.

Local Context Matters

There are high levels of family and sexual violence (FSV) in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Many businesses in PNG, like an increasing number of organizations worldwide, want to address the effects of FSV on their employees and operations to minimize human suffering and to maximize productivity. To date, a range of workplace strategies designed to address related forms of violence (FSV, domestic and family violence, sexual violence, intimate partner violence, violence against women, and gender-based violence) have been developed and implemented, albeit mainly in Western contexts. This article considers the extent to which these workplace strategies can or should be modified for workplaces in PNG. Findings from participatory action research undertaken with FSV service providers, advocates, businesses, and their employees in PNG strongly indicate that workplace strategies should be modified to reflect cultural and other contextual specificities. In particular, workplace strategies should reflect local understandings about what constitutes FSV, who may perpetrate and who may be victimized by FSV, and what supports are available to victims of FSV. It is important to note that while the supports examined are necessarily culturally and contextually specific to PNG, they have subsequently provided important insights relevant for workplace responses in other developing and industrialized countries, thereby extending the evidence base of possible workplace strategies generally.

Family needs and TBI caregiver mental health in Guadalajara, Mexico

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death in Mexico, and Mexican TBI caregivers have been shown to experience significant mental health problems and high levels of family needs. This study investigated the associations between family needs and Mexican TBI caregiver mental health. Ninety TBI caregivers from Guadalajara, Mexico completed measures assessing their own mental health (depression, anxiety, burden, satisfaction with life, and self-esteem) and family needs (physical health, informational, financial, social support, and household). Family health needs were uniquely associated with all indices of caregiver mental health, and household needs were uniquely associated with caregiver depression, burden, and anxiety. Additionally, social support needs were related to caregiver satisfaction with life, informational needs to burden, and financial needs to self-esteem. Interventions for TBI caregivers in Mexico-and likely in other global regions with high levels of familism-should include an emphasis on overall family health, the delineation of family roles regarding household responsibilities, the improvement of social support networks and the social presence of family members, and the provision of complete and relevant information regarding TBI. When these needs are more comprehensively met, caregiver mental health will likely improve.

Family and peer social support and their links to psychological distress among hurricane-exposed minority youth.

Experiencing a disaster such as a hurricane places youth at a heightened risk for psychological distress such as symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression. Social support may contribute to resilience following disasters, but the interrelations of different types of support, level of exposure, and different symptoms among youth is not well understood. This study examined associations among family and peer social support, level of hurricane exposure, and their links to psychological distress using both a large single-time assessment sample (N = 1,098) as well as a longitudinal sample followed over a 6-month period (n = 192). Higher levels of hurricane exposure were related to lower levels of social support from family and peers. Higher levels of family and peer social support demonstrated both concurrent and longitudinal associations with lower levels of psychological distress, with associations varying by social support source and psychological distress outcome. Findings also suggested that the protective effects of high peer social support may be diminished by high hurricane exposure. The results of this study further our understanding of the role of social support in hurricane-exposed youths' emotional functioning and point to the potential importance of efforts to bolster social support following disasters.

The Association Between Family and Friend Integration and Physical Activity: Results from the NHIS

Social integration predicts morbidity and mortality, but its relationships with specific health behaviors that could explain this relationship, such as physical activity, have not been established. Additionally, studies associating social integration with health have not distinguished between sources of social contact (family vs. friends), which could be differentially related to health. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between social integration and physical activity and to explore differences in family and friend social integration. Data came from the 2001 wave of the National Health Interview Survey. Adult participants (N = 33,326) indicated levels of social integration by reporting whether they had seen and/or called friends and/or family in the past 2 weeks and also reported their weekly minutes of physical activity. Logistic regression was used to determine odds of meeting physical activity (PA) guidelines (≥ 150 min/week) and odds of inactivity (0 min/week) based on levels of social integration. Greater integration predicted higher odds of meeting PA guidelines and lower odds of inactivity after controlling for sociodemographic variables. This association was stronger and dose-dependent for integration with friends, whereas moderate family contact predicted greater activity than high levels of family contact. Those who are more socially integrated, particularly with friends rather than family, are also more physically active, which could partially explain the link between social integration and morbidity and mortality. Future studies examining this association should distinguish between sources of integration and explore why and how contact with friends vs. family is differentially associated with health behaviors.

Cognitive influences as mediators of family and peer support for pediatric cancer survivors' physical activity

The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which self-efficacy mediates the relations between social support and childhood cancer survivors' physical activity (PA). A structured telephone survey was conducted with 105 childhood cancer survivors aged 8-16 years. Participants completed measures assessing their PA as well as proposed predictors of PA including various demographic, medical, cognitive, and social influences. Multiple mediation analyses were utilized to evaluate the relations between social support, cognitive influences, and survivor PA. Cognitive influences, including perceived benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy for PA, partially mediated the influence of family and peer support on survivor PA. Self-efficacy emerged as a significant unique mediator, indicating that higher levels of family and peer support are associated with higher levels of survivor PA via increases in survivor self-efficacy. Social support has both direct and indirect influences on survivor PA. Indirectly, social support influences PA via survivor self-efficacy. Interventions should target family and peer support as well as self-efficacy to increase survivor PA.

The Protective Influence of Family Bonding on Smoking Initiation in Adolescents by Racial/Ethnic and Age Subgroups

Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examined the associations among family bonding factors and the initiation of smoking by race/ethnicity and age group among nonsmokers at Wave 1. Overall, 18% of the sample initiated smoking by Wave 2. For younger African-American and Hispanic youths, high maternal satisfaction with the relationship was significantly protective of smoking initiation. For older Hispanics, high parental presence and high parent-family connectedness were protective against smoking initiation, while lack of awareness about the adolescent's whereabouts was a risk factor for initiation in both younger and older Caucasians, and in the older Hispanics. Our results underscore the importance of maintaining high levels of family bonding with the adolescent throughout early and late adolescence in order to decrease tobacco initiation.