High Levels Of Exhaustion Research Articles

Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, and professional burnout among medical laboratory scientists.

The goal of this paper is to verify the correlations between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism and the selected demographic and job characteristics vs. professional burnout among medical laboratory scientists in Poland. The study group consisted of 166 laboratory scientists. The Polish Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism Questionnaire (Szczucka) was used for testing perfectionism. The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory was used for examining burnout syndrome. Adaptive perfectionism was positively and maladaptive perfectionism was negatively correlated with both aspects of professional burnout: the disengagement from work and exhaustion. What is more, maladaptive perfectionism was correlated negatively with age and work experience. People in relationships have a higher level of disengagement and a higher level of exhaustion than single ones. The results of hierarchical regression analyses have revealed, after having controlled selected demographic and job factors, that a significant predictor of disengagement is the high level of adaptive perfectionism and low level of maladaptive perfectionism. In addition, a significant predictor of high level of exhaustion is the low level of maladaptive perfectionism. Professional burnout among medical laboratory scientists is of a specific nature. The "healthier" perfectionism they reveal, the higher level of burnout they present. In this profession, lower risk of burnout is represented by those who are characterized by the lack of confidence in the quality of their actions and a negative reaction to their own imperfections associated with imposed social obligation to be perfect. The individuals pursuing their internal high standards experience burnout faster. Med Pr 2018;69(3):253-260.

Meistriškumo dirbti strategijų vaidmuo išsekimo ir darbo išteklių sąsajoms: pedagogų imties tyrimas

Straipsnyje pristatomas tyrimas, kurio tikslas – nustatyti darbo išteklių ir meistriškumo dirbti strategijų sąveiką prognozuojant išsekimą darbe. Tyrime dalyvavo 341 pedagogas iš įvairių Lietuvos mokyklų. Tyrimas parodė, kad meistriškumo dirbti strategijų taikymas moderuoja darbo išteklių ir išsekimo darbe sąsajas. Autonomijos, galimybės tobulėti ir kolegų paramos ištekliai yra susiję su mažesniu išsekimu tik tada, kai pedagogai siekia didinti struktūrinius išteklius, t. y. ugdyti ir panaudoti darbe savo gebėjimus. Be to, nustatyta, kad autonomija ir kolegų parama taip pat susijusi su mažesniu išsekimu, kai darbuotojai siekia iššūkių savo darbe, t. y. apie atsiradusias naujoves sužino ir jas išbando, imasi papildomų užduočių ir naujų projektų, patys pasisiūlo prisidėti prie naujų veiklų.

Avoir recours à du répit : regards sur la prise de décision des parents d’un enfant gravement malade

To address important medical, psychological and social issues, the concept of respite recently developed in Belgium. The service offered by the Villa Indigo in Brussels allows parents to recover from stressful situations while promoting the well-being of their seriously ill children. Noting the parents’ high level of exhaustion when they first contact us, we decided to study the factors that influence their decision to access respite services. The results of ten exploratory interviews conducted with parents of children who have already stayed at Villa Indigo highlight the complexity of their decision, which is influenced by a variety of factors, such as familial support, tiredness and information about respite care, as well as dynamic representations of themselves, their seriously ill children and the concept of respite care. Once they have overcome their initial reluctance to ask for respite care, the benefits are tangible for both the parents and their children, and future stays are rapidly organized.

Abstract 3675: Novel immune oncology strategy for targeted cytotoxic lymphocyte activation

Abstract High-dose interleukin 2 (IL2) therapy was the first FDA-approved immunotherapy, and still has an exceptionally high true long-term cure rate for metastatic cancer. However, IL2 therapy has fallen out of favor due to systemic toxicity and off-target side effects. We have recently described a novel fusion cytokine comprised of a mutant form of IL2 with inhibited α-receptor binding and an NKG2D-binding viral decoy protein called Orthopox Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I-like Protein (OMCP). Unlike wild-type IL2, our fusion cytokine (OMCP-mutIL2) binds to and activates only NKG2D expressing cytotoxic lymphocytes. This targeted IL2 activity results in superior efficacy and decreased toxicity over wild-type IL2 therapy. Here, we present data which further establishes the superior efficacy of OMCP-mutIL2 therapy as measured by biomarkers such as systemic cytokine production and tumor lymphocyte infiltration. Additionally, we present data which evaluates OMCP-mutIL2 therapy as a potentiator of PD1 checkpoint inhibitor therapy. To evaluate tumor lymphocyte infiltration mice with established Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) flank tumors were treated for three days with either saline, wild type IL2, or OMCP-mutIL2 and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes evaluated flow cytometrically. A trend for increased tumor infiltrating NK cells was evident for both IL2 and OMCP-mutIL2 treated groups over saline controls, and OMCP-mutIL2 tended to increase tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells over either IL2 or saline controls was evident as well. Additionally, tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells in IL2-treated mice had a higher level of exhaustion over OMCP-mutIL2 treated mice as measured by PD-1 expression. Tumor infiltrating CD4+ T cells also showed a trend toward a Foxp3 regulatory phenotype in IL2 treated mice over OMCP-mutIL2. To study cytokine serum profile mice were treated with high dose OMCP-mutIL2 with or without NK depletion and serum cytokine levels measured by cytometric bead array. Serum cytokine analysis of mice treated with supra-therapeutic doses of OMCP-mutIL2 did not reveal an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6. A significant increase in serum levels of G-CSF was evident in NK cell sufficient mice treated with OMCP-mutIL2. Combination immunotherapy was initiated by the addition of PD-1 blockade (clone RMPI-14) to OMCP-mutIL2 therapy in a lung LLC tumor model. Combination therapy led to near complete control of LLC growth in the lung compared to OMCP-mutIL2 or PD-1 blockade alone. The data presented here suggest that in addition to our previously published data suggesting increased safety of OMCP-mutIL2 over high-dose IL2 therapy, OMCP-mutIL2 therapy may be functionally superior to classic high-dose IL2 therapy. Continued development of OMCP-mutIL2 is ongoing. Citation Format: Eric Lazier, Sarah Hein, John Westwick, Dan Watkins, Alexander S. Krupnick. Novel immune oncology strategy for targeted cytotoxic lymphocyte activation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3675. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3675

The Role of Organizational Justice and Stress in Predicting Job Burnout

This study explores how job-burnout dimensions—emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and personal accomplishment—relate to distributive justice and stress. Questionnaire data were collected in a cross-sectional design from 90 information technology professionals. Structural equation modeling analysis indicated that low levels of perceived justice are associated with higher exhaustion. Next, a parallel mechanism unfolds: High levels of exhaustion are directly related to low levels of personal accomplishment. At the same time, high levels of exhaustion are associated with high levels of cynicism, which are associated with higher levels of self-accomplishment. These findings are consistent with theories, suggesting that employees may utilize cynicism as a defense mechanism in an attempt to protect the self. Cynicism also mediated the relationship between stress and personal accomplishment. Cynicism may help employees cope with exhaustion and stress and thus may protect their sense of self-worth. Theoretical and applied implications for organizations, career development, and counseling are discussed.

Acute effects of high-intensity intermittent training on kinematics and foot strike patterns in endurance runners

ABSTRACTThe main purpose of this study was to evaluate running kinematic characteristics and foot strike patterns (FSP) during early and late stages of actual and common high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT): 5 × 2000 m with 120-s recovery between runs. Thirteen healthy, elite, highly trained male endurance runners participated in this study. They each had a personal record in the half-marathon of 70 ± 2.24 min, and each had a minimum experience of 4 years of training and competition. Heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored during HIIT. High levels of exhaustion were reached by the athletes during HIIT (HRpeak: 174.30 bpm; RPE: 17.23). There was a significant increase of HRpeak and RPE during HIIT; nevertheless, time for each run remained unchanged. A within-protocol paired t-test (first vs. last run) revealed no significant changes (P ≥ 0.05) in kinematics variables and FSP variables during HIIT. There were no substantial changes on kinematics and FSP characteristics in endurance runners after fatigue induced by a HIIT. Only the minimum ankle alignment showed a significant change. The author suggests that these results might be due to both the high athletic level of participants and their experience in HIIT.

The Burnout Level of Call Center Agents in Metro Manila, Philippines

The aim of this study was to measure the exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficacy that would determine an individual’s level of burnout. A convenient sample of employees (N=747) was obtained from different call centers in Metro Manila. The results indicated a high level of exhaustion for the age group of 18-29 years old and for the female respondents. More than half of the respondents were high in cynicism and those who reported a low professional efficacy were mostly females. Age showed a significant relationship with exhaustion and cynicism while tenure at present job showed a significant relationship with professional efficacy. Results implied that working in a call center may lead to employee burnout especially for females and those who are new in their job.

Structural empowerment, job stress and burnout of nurses in China

PurposeTo investigate the status of structural empowerment, job stress and burnout in China, and to explore the relationships among them. MethodsThe questionnaires of CWEQ-II, job stressors and MBI were used to investigate 1002 nurses working at tertiary-level hospitals. ResultsThe average score of CWEQ-II was 2.23±0.59. The score of EE of MBI was 29.75±13.94, PA was 27.40±11.21, both of them showed a high level of exhaustion, DP was 8.07±5.82 and showed a middle level of exhaustion. The findings showed that workload and time pressure were the most frequently encountered job stress among staff nurses, the score was 3.23±0.95; There was a significantly correlation among structural empowerment, job stressors and the level of burnout(p<0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that structural empowerment had significant influence on the every factors of job stressors (p<0.05) and burnout, job stressors had significant influence on the every factors of burnout (p<0.05). Structural equation modeling analyses revealed a good fit to the data based on various fit indices (χ2/df=2.29, GFI=0.945, CFI=0.965, IFI=0.966, RMSEA=0.061). Staff nurses felt that structural empowerment in their workplace resulted in lower levels of job stress which in turn strongly influenced Burnout. ConclusionsThese results provide initial support for an expanded model of structural empowerment, and offer a broader understanding of the empowerment process.

Interim results of neuropsychological analysis of the development of children with perinatal risks

This article presents a brief description of the normative mental development of the elder preschool children: features hemispheric interaction between the cerebral hemispheres, dynamic, spatial and motor praxis, memory, visual-objective, visual-spatial and acoustic-verbal gnosis and originality of speech, thought and attention. Besides, this article illuminates analysis of the interim data obtained in the course of neuropsychological investigation of cerebral organization of mental functions among preschoolers whose mothers have an anamnesis of various risk factors of perinatal pathology of the fetus. The analysis of the data illustrates that very often agenda had difficulties in carrying out tests for visual gnosis, audio-verbal memory, dynamic and spatial praxis. Also it was hard for children to compile stories for narrative paintings and series of narrative pictures. Besides, it was recorded that the majority of children have shown attention fatigue and instability of attention and the high level of exhaustion. So the interim results received on this level of experimental research illustrate the existence of tendency of defection in the process of formation of high psychic functions among children with different risk of development of perinatal pathology in their anamnesis. But in the cause of the insufficiency of experimental data it is to early to make strict conclusions concerning the concrete consequences of the different perinatal risks for brain organization of child’s psychic activity.

Development of exhaustion for high-performance coaches in association with workload and motivation: A person-centered approach

ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was twofold. First, to explore whether there were different trajectories of exhaustion among high-performance coaches over the course of a competitive season. Then, to investigate whether workload-related variables and motivational regulations were associated with exhaustion class membership. Methods and design299 high-performance coaches responded to an online survey at the start, middle, and end of a competitive season, assessing exhaustion, workload, work home interference (WHI), recovery, and motivational regulations. Latent class growth analyses were used to identify different trajectories of perceived exhaustion. Further, multinomial logistic regression examined class associations for workload-related variables and motivational regulations at the start and at the end of competitive season. ResultsFour different trajectories of perceived exhaustion among coaches were identified, termed respectively “High” (10%), “Increase” (15%), “Decrease” (4%) and “Low” (71%). Higher levels of workload and WHI were associated to classes with higher levels of exhaustion. Higher levels of recovery, and intrinsic and identified regulations were associated to classes with lower levels of exhaustion. Adaptive and maladaptive profiles were identified. ConclusionsDifferent trajectories of exhaustion among high-performance coaches over the course of a competitive season were found. A maladaptive profile was associated with higher perceived workload and WHI, as well as lower levels of recovery, intrinsic and identified regulations, when compared to the adaptive profile.

Activation of T Cells upon Treatment with Bispecific Antibodies Correlates with the Expression of Co-Inhibitory Receptors on Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Human Lung Cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction T cell bispecific antibodies (TCB) are designed to recruit and simultaneously activate T cells against target cells such as tumor cells expressing a particular surface antigen. However, it is currently unknown how immuno-modulatory mechanisms active in the tumor microenvironment such as the expression of T cell co-inhibitory receptors may influence the therapeutic effect of TCBs. Methods We performed a comprehensive phenotypic analysis of tumor infiltrating immune cells from lung carcinoma digests by multicolour flow cytometry. In particular, expression of T cell co-inhibitory and -stimulatory receptors was analyzed. Tumor digests were treated with catumaxomab, a TCB directed against CD3 and EpCAM. T cell activation and effector functions were assessed upon exposure to catumaxomab. Results CD8+ T cells in lung carcinoma showed a broad heterogeneity in expression of the T cell co-inhibitory receptors PD-1, Tim-3, CTLA-4, Lag-3 and BTLA. Tumor stage and nodal status correlated with number and intensity of expressed receptors. Upon exposure to catumaxomab, a considerable heterogeneity in T cell activation among different tumors was observed. Of note, T cells expressing high levels and multiple co-inhibitory receptors were more impaired in their activation and effector functions after treatment with catumaxomab indicating a higher level of exhaustion. In a further analysis of CD8+ TIL subsets we found that BTLA+ T cells expressed more additional inhibitory receptors than all other subsets, namely PD-1, Tim-3, CTLA-4 and Lag-3, whereas only a small part of PD-1+ T cells expressed another receptor. Tim-3+ T cells usually co-expressed PD-1, but multiple receptors were found only on a low number of cells. Conclusion In summary, our data suggest that the activity of TCBs is largely affected by the expression of T cell co-inhibitory receptors on tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Furthermore, these data provide a clinical rationale for combining bispecific antibodies with compounds which antagonize T cell exhaustion. Disclosure D. Thommen, J. Schreiner, P. Herzig, P. Mueller and A. Zippelius: received research funding from Roche Glycart; V. Karanikas: is employed by Roche Glycart. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

Burnt out or fired up? Helping recovery in distressed patients can increase our own resilience

Burnout has become a major concern in general practice in the UK, with high levels of exhaustion, depersonalisation, and low levels of personal effectiveness. A study in 2011 suggested that burnout was allied to pessimism.1 With the major systemic problems in general practice in the NHS, such as shifts in funding, pay cuts, staff wastage, and contractual chaos, the need to be resilient, to foster better coping and creative solutions, has never been more pressing. Resilience is a concept from materials science representing the ability to return to a previous state of resistance without deformation or loss of elasticity. Psychological resilience is similar, but additionally encompasses the concept of growth from stressful experiences, ‘bouncing forwards’, to become more resilient in the future. In psychological research the effect of resilience on growth and optimism under stress has been shown to be strongly mediated by frequency of access to positive emotions.2 There are a number of cognitive enhancements that are associated with the experience of positive emotions, including cognitive flexibility, creative and detailed problem solving, better working memory, and increased prosocial behaviours, such as compassion and generosity, increased social inclusion, and ability to focus effectively on negative information.3 Relevant studies conducted …

Assessment of Occupational Burnout in United States Air Force Predator/Reaper “Drone” Operators

This study investigates the self-reported levels of occupational burnout among 1,094 U.S. Air Force drone operators stationed within the borders of the United States who are supporting a wide range of around-the-clock military surveillance and weapons strike missions across the globe. Data were gathered from a Web-based survey of demographic items and the Maslach Burnout Inventory assessing the facets of occupational burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy). The overall survey response rate was 49%. Approximately 20% reported high levels of exhaustion, and 11% reported high levels of cynicism, but only 3% reported low levels of professional efficacy. Predictors of exhaustion, as well as between group differences, were identified along with recommendations for performance improvement and mitigating risks to safety.

Clean dyeing of cotton fiber using a novel nicotinic acid quaternary triazine cationic reactive dye: salt-free, alkali-free, and non-toxic by-product

The traditional dyeing methods of reactive dyes leave a high amount of salt and alkali in the dye bath waste, causing serious environmental problems. A comparative study of four reactive anthraquinone dyes was made in this paper. It is concluded that Dye 4 which has cationic soluble groups and nicotinic acid quaternary triazine reactive group giving a high level of exhaustion and fixation on cotton fiber in the absence of salt and alkali. In addition to that, the by-product, namely nicotinic acid, is not environmentally harmful and does not show side effects of pollution. The utilization of Dye 4 is nearly 20 % higher than that of an ordinary reactive dye (Dye 1). Meanwhile, the color fastness of Dye 4 to rubbing, washing, and light on cotton fiber were good throughout and almost the same as those of Dye 1. Therefore, from the standpoint of environmental protection, Dye 4 which has the advantages of salt-free, alkali-free, high utilization, and non-toxic by-product is an environmentally acceptable dye for clean reactively dyeing on cotton fiber.

Burnout in veterans health administration mental health providers in posttraumatic stress clinics.

The purpose of this study was to conduct the first assessment of burnout among Veterans Health Administration (VHA) mental health clinicians providing evidence-based posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) care. This study consisted of 138 participants and the sample was mostly female (67%), Caucasian (non-Hispanic; 81%), and married (70%) with a mean age of 44.3 years (SD = 11.2). Recruitment was directed through VHA PTSD Clinical Teams (PCT) throughout the United States based on a nationwide mailing list of PCT Clinic Directors. Participants completed an electronic survey that assessed demographics, organizational work factors, absenteeism, and burnout (assessed through the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, MBI-GS). Twelve percent of the sample reported low Professional Efficacy, 50% reported high levels of Exhaustion, and 47% reported high levels of Cynicism as determined by the MBI-GS cut-off scores. Only workplace characteristics were significantly associated with provider scores on all 3 scales. Exhaustion and Cynicism were most impacted by perceptions of organizational politics/bureaucracy, increased clinical workload, and control over how work is done. Organizational factors were also significantly associated with provider absenteeism and intent to leave his or her job. Findings suggest that providers in VHA specialty PTSD-care settings may benefit from programs or supports aimed at preventing and/or ameliorating burnout.

Boom or Bust? U.S. Television News Industry is Booming But Burnout Looms for Some

Studies indicate that U.S. television newsrooms are booming with increases in staff size, news content and profitability. In light of the changes, a survey of 887 examines burnout levels of television journalists, and their workload and perceived organizational support. Results indicate that TV news workers are experiencing average rates of burnout, however 22% (n = 196) show signs of burnout with high levels of exhaustion and cynicism as indicated by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. Results also show that those experiencing signs of burnout are overburdened by their workload and do not perceive high levels of organizational support.

Therapeutic orientations, professional efficacy, and burnout among substance abuse social workers in Israel

This study investigates the therapeutic orientations of substance abuse social workers and the relationship between these orientations and burnout. Ninety-two social workers who provided outpatient treatment to people suffering from substance-related disorders in Israel participated in the study. The results obtained demonstrated that the substance abuse social workers adhere more to the psychodynamic and ecosystemic therapeutic orientations than to the cognitive–behavioral orientation. A greater adherence to the cognitive–behavioral orientation was associated with a higher sense of professional efficacy; a greater adherence to the psychodynamic orientation was associated with a higher level of exhaustion; and greater adherence to the ecosystemic orientation was associated with lower levels of exhaustion and cynicism. Female social workers reported lower levels of exhaustion and cynicism. The cognitive–behavioral orientation mediated the connection between the social workers' experience in the field of substance abuse and two dimensions of burnout—exhaustion and professional efficacy. Significance of the findings for improving the well-being of substance abuse social workers and for the advancement of psychosocial services is discussed.

617 – Therapeutic orientations, professional efficacy and burnout among substance abuse social workers in israel

This study investigates the therapeutic orientations of substance abuse social workers and the relationship between these orientations and burnout. Ninety-two social workers who provided outpatient treatment to people suffering from substance abuse disorders in Israel participated in the study. The results obtained demonstrated that among substance abuse social workers the psychodynamic and ecosystems therapeutic orientations were more prominent than the cognitive-behavior orientation. A greater adherence to the cognitive-behavior orientation was associated with a higher sense of professional efficacy; a greater adherence to the psychodynamic orientation was associated with a higher level of exhaustion; and greater adherence to the ecosystems orientation was associated with lower levels of exhaustion and cynicism. Females reported lower levels of exhaustion and cynicism. The cognitive-behavioral orientation mediated the connection between the social workers' experience in the field of substance abuse and two dimensions of burnout - exhaustion and professional efficacy. Significance of the findings for improving the well-being of substance abuse social workers and for the advancement of psychosocial services is discussed.

Qualities of Work-Related Well-Being in Selected South African Occupations

This study investigated the structure of work-related well-being in four occupational groups in South Africa. The participants were 4 006 employees, namely educators and administrative personnel (n = 2501), insurance industry personnel (n = 613), and correctional services personnel (n = 892) from across South Africa. The participants completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS), the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the Job Demands-Resources Scale and the Organisational Stress Screening Tool (ASSET). The data was analysed by employing the SPSS program version 20.0. Descriptive statistics were determined for each dimension and for each occupation, while product-moment correlations were conducted to determine the inter-relationships between the variables. The results showed that the dimensions of work-related well-being of personnel in different occupations in South Africa are commonly affected by high job demands and insufficient resources. The employees showed higher levels of exhaustion, indicating that job demands could contribute to burnout. The exhaustion levels could further be indicative of a lack of support from the organisations and inadequate growth opportunities

The role of psychological flexibility in the demands–exhaustion–performance relationship

Employees in the service sector deal with a variety of emotional job demands due to interactions with clients. Emotional job demands often result in heightened levels of emotional exhaustion and decreased levels of performance. The current study aims to explore whether the adaptive behavioural pattern of psychological flexibility diminishes the negative impacts of emotional job demands on emotional exhaustion and subsequent performance. Data were collected from 116 nonprofit service workers, using self-report questionnaires (i.e., baseline) and diaries (i.e., follow-up). The results suggest that psychological flexibility is negatively associated with emotional exhaustion and positively associated with performance. In addition, psychological flexibility is found to attenuate the negative effects of emotional job demands on emotional exhaustion and performance. Finally, the results reveal that the attenuating role of psychological flexibility diminishes if employees are already exhausted. The results support the importance of personal resources, like psychological flexibility, in buffering the negative effects of emotional job demands on emotional exhaustion and performance. However, employees no longer benefit from high levels of psychological flexibility when facing high levels of exhaustion due to excessive emotional job demands.