Higher Levels Of Identification Research Articles

"All in One Rhythm": Measuring the National Team Identification of Host Residents and Event Sport Tourists At the 2014 FIFA World Cup

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fan identification of host residents and international event sport tourists at the 2014 FIFA World Cup. The Sport Spectator Identification Scale (SSIS) is used to measure identification with national football teams through the lens of social identity theory. A case study approach saw survey data (n= 706) collected at the official FIFA Fan Fest in Natal, Brazil. Both host residents and event sport tourists reported high levels of identification with the national team they supported. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and the length of time one had been a fan was found to be positively correlated with strength of identification. There was no relationship found between gender nor supporter age and their strength of team identification. This study demonstrates that the SSIS can be used to measure the level of psychological connection supporters have with national football teams. The findings are particularly pertinent for events expanding their servicescape to include fan zones or other activation sites similar to the FIFA Fan Fests.

Socio-Educational Factors to Promote Educational Inclusion in Higher Education. A Question of Student Achievement

Psychosocial factors have a direct impact on the academic achievement of university students, especially when they belong to diverse human groups. This article shows the results of a project developed in a Colombian university with the aim of finding out the identity traits, situations of discrimination, and risk factors faced by students belonging to diverse groups. The research is qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive, approached from a social and educational perspective. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 students. The high level of identification with the group is visible in stufuigureents with affective-sexual diversity, gender identity and ethnic-cultural diversity, considered to be the most discriminated-against populations. Risks in the labor, educational, social, and family spheres are the most frequent.

Virtual sensor array based on MXene for selective detections of VOCs

Abstract Two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitrides, known as MXenes, have recently received significant attention for gas sensing applications. However, MXenes have strong adsorption to many types of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and therefore gas sensors based on MXenes generally have low selectivity and poor performance in mixtures of VOCs due to cross-sensitivity issues. Herein, we developed a Ti3C2Tx-based virtual sensor array (VSA) which allows both highly accurate detection and identification of different VOCs, as well as concentration prediction of the target VOC in variable backgrounds. The VSA’s responses from the broadband impedance spectra create a unique fingerprint of each VOC without a need for changing temperatures. Based on the methodologies of principal component analysis and linear discrimination analysis, we demonstrate highly accurate identifications for different types of VOCs and mixtures using this MXene based VSA. Furthermore, we demonstrate an accuracy of 93.2% for the prediction of ethanol concentrations in the presence of different concentrations of water and methanol. The high level of identification and concentration prediction shows a great potential of MXene based VSA for detection of VOCs of interest in the presence of known and unknown interferences.

Improving eye movement biometrics in low frame rate eye-tracking devices using periocular and eye blinking features

In this paper, the biometric potential of eye movement patterns extracted from low frame rate eye-tracking devices is evaluated. Also, possible improvement in recognition rates is investigated using other static and dynamic features extracted from the eyes including eye blinking patterns and periocular shape features. These modalities can be applicable for specific biometric applications like continuous driver authentication for law enforcement. For this purpose, two databases are collected with two low frame rate eye-tracking systems that capture the eye movements. Data were recorded from 55 participants while watching real driving sessions. For eye gaze, features from fixations and saccades are extracted separately including duration, amplitude, and statistical features. For eye blinking, features from the blinking pattern, its speed, acceleration, and power per unit mass profiles are extracted. Periocular features include the eye-opening height, width, axial ratio, etc. Each modality is evaluated first, then, these modalities are combined in a multi-modal setup for performance improvement. While each trait achieved a moderate performance in a single-modality setup, the fusion of the static and the dynamic features from the eye provides a great performance improvement up to 98.5% recognition rate and 0% error rate in both modes of authentication. Although the single-modality setup might not be secure enough, the fusion of these traits achieves high levels of identification making these traits effective for continuous driver authentication application.

Examining antecedents of retail employees' propensity to leave

PurposeIn this study, the authors examine the impacts of two facets of retail employees' cognitive support and affective commitment on emotional labor-related outcomes.Design/methodology/approachTo test the study hypotheses, 521 retail service employees participated in the survey. By using the structural equation modeling, the results show that employees' perceived organizational support directly and positively employees' affective organizational commitment and emotional exhaustion.FindingsBy using the structural equation modeling, the results show that employees' perceived organizational support directly and positively influence employees' affective organizational commitment and emotional exhaustion. The extent of employees' affective organizational commitment directly and negatively influences emotional labor and exhaustion. Furthermore, employees' emotional exhaustion exerts an influence on retail employees' propensity to leave.Research limitations/implicationsDrawing on social exchange and conservation of resources theories, this study contributes to emotional labor research and practices by examining factors that potentially influences employees' propensity to leave. For future studies, researchers can expand the proposed framework of the current study to other retailing settings.Practical implicationsFindings of the study suggest that retail organizations need to manage employees' support and commitment concerning to understand emotional labor.Originality/valueThe current study found that employees' affective commitment influences key emotional labor constructs including emotional labor and emotional exhaustion. Employees who have a high level of identification, involvement and emotional attachment toward the organization, they are less likely to feel of overload and inefficiency. Given the importance of emotional labor in the retailing setting, the proposed model and findings of this study contribute the existing knowledge of retail employees' behavior.

ФАКТОРЫ ЦЕНТРОБЕЖНЫХ ТЕНДЕНЦИЙ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ИСПАНИИ: КАЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ

The purpose of this article is to analyze the centrifugal tendencies in 17 Autonomous Communities of Spain by demonstrating that certain differences in the configurations of factors have led to varying degrees of the loss of autonomy. The main conclusion is that for the configurations leading to less autonomy, there is a low level of economic development, a low volume of EU funding, and an absence of local languages as a factor of identity. The cases of Andalusia, Asturias, and Galicia are of particular importance in these configurations. For the configurations that lead to greater autonomy, two patterns are identified. The first group (Catalonia and the Basque Country) demonstrates a link between centrifugal tendencies and three conditions: the existence of regionalist parties in the parliaments of Autonomous Communities (AC), a high level of economic development and a high level of identification with a regional language. The second group of cases (Valencia and the Canary Islands) demonstrates the added importance of funding under the EU regional policy programs for the period from 2014 to 2020. The scientific novelty of the article lies in its analysis of the dynamics of centrifugal tendencies in Spain via crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA).

Opini Publik Tentang Penggunaan Teknologi Video Asisten Wasit Sebagai Solusi Kompetisi Liga 1 Sepak Bola Indonesia

The use of video assistant referees (VAR) is one solution to football problems in Indonesia. Indonesian football has a problem for years, namely the problem of trust in referees due to many referee bribery scandals and others. Based on this problem, this research focuses on public opinion toward VAR technology use in football. The research methodology is descriptive research, and this research is directed to make careful and detailed observations of the observed phenomena. This descriptive study aims to highlight current issues or problems through a data collection process that allows the researcher to describe the situation more fully than is possible without using this method. Researchers also seek to see phenomena related to technology involvement in sports activities from the players, organizers, spectators, and other stakeholders. The research results found that Public Opinion is formed into three types, for the first type who has a very high level of identification with the football club who is dissatisfied with the use of Video Assistant Referee Technology (VAR), the second type of public who enjoy football matches with debate in a football match less satisfied with the use of Video Assistant Referee (VAR) technology, and the third type for the more modern public sees the use of Video Assistant Referee (VAR) technology as a solution in decisions used in the Indonesian Football League Competition.

The Tweet Heard Round the World: Daryl Morey, the NBA, China, and Attribution of Responsibility

Following Houston Rockets General Manager Daryl Morey’s social media post advocating for Hong Kong independence, a 2 (NBA, Houston Rockets) × 3 (attacking the accuser, justification, apology) experimental design was utilized to explore the effects of different crisis response strategies on sports fan relationships between/among a professional sport league, one of its teams, and crisis responsibility attribution. Results indicated that apology strategy functioned better in reducing the blame placed on the organization than attacking strategy. Also, people with a more positive relationship or a higher level of identification with the organization would attribute less responsibility. However, when controlling the organization-public relationship or sport identification, response strategies could no longer predict attribution of responsibility significantly, suggesting that the previous relationship matters more than which response strategy is utilized in a crisis.

Vicarious self-affirmation: Understanding key mechanisms

ABSTRACT Recent work on self-affirmation, or buffering against self-threats by affirming a separate domain of the self, has investigated the use of manipulations via narrative messages to increase self-appraisal (i.e., positive thoughts toward the self) and reduce message derogation. This study furthers this initial work by investigating the dual roles of identification with a character and value congruency in facilitating greater self-integrity (i.e., feelings of moral and adaptive adequacy) and openness to counter-attitudinal information. An experiment (N = 286) exposed participants to separate narrative messages to test whether identification with the main character, and strongly holding the value affirmed for the character, influence global self-integrity for audience members. Results demonstrate that such a vicarious self-affirmation experience does lead to greater self-integrity, and that this effect is strongest at high levels of identification with the main character. However, when identification is low, whether or not the value affirmed is one strongly held by the audience member determines whether self-integrity is bolstered. Finally, we show that increased self-integrity through such a vicarious experience leads to greater openness toward a subsequently presented abortion article that was attitudinally incongruent.

Representations of Europe and a Typology of European Identity

Abstract This article aims to examine the association between the representations of Europe and the level of European identification. Using a qualitative methodology, 36 Europeans, from the Free Movement Area, were interviewed from a life course perspective. The findings support the thesis that representations of Europe are a factor to explain European identification. Individuals that show a higher level of identification tend to see a similar European culture and/or to associate Europe with a set of Civic values (human rights, freedom, non-violence). When individuals tend to emphasise cultural diversity (multiculturalism) and/or the instrumental features associated with the EU project (the free movement) they tend to show a weaker identification. Thus, a typology with six types of Europeans is proposed: Transcendent, Symbolic-Stateless, Affective, Floating, Citizen, and Associative.

Factors of Centrifugal Political Tendencies In Spain: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis

The purpose of this article is to analyze the centrifugal tendencies in 17 Autonomous Communities of Spain by demonstrating that certain differences in the configurations of factors have lead to varying degrees of the loss of autonomy. The main conclusion is that for the configurations leading to less autonomy, there is a low level of economic development, a low volume of EU funding, and an absence of local languages as a factor of identity. The cases of Andalusia, Asturias, and Galicia are of particular importance in these configurations. For the configurations that lead to greater autonomy, two patterns are identified. The first group (Catalonia and the Basque Country) demonstrates a link between centrifugal tendencies and three conditions: the existence of regionalist parties in the parliaments of Autonomous Communities (AC), a high level of economic development and a high level of identification with a regional language. The second group of cases (Valencia and the Canary Islands) demonstrates the added importance of funding under the EU regional policy programs for the period from 2014 to 2020. The scientific novelty of the article lies in its analysis of the dynamics of centrifugal tendencies in Spain via crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (csQCA).

Doctoral Support Networks: characteristics and associations with research conditions and identity development

Doctoral candidates rely on diverse individuals to cope with the challenges of their doctoral trajectory. In this article we define Doctoral Support Networks (DSNs) as the group of individuals with whom the doctoral candidate intentionally collaborates in order to deal with the problems and difficulties of the doctorate. We aim to explore the characteristics of this type of networks and their relationships with doctoral program conditions and researcher identity development. Results from a cluster analysis identified two groups of doctoral candidates based on the characteristics of their network: those with Distributed and Active DSNs (56.8%) and those with Reduced and Passive DSNs (43.2%). The first group reported more frequent interactions with a wider range of individuals from both academic and extra-academic contexts, higher levels of emotional support and direct advice to cope with doctoral challenges and difficulties, and a higher level of identification with the researcher position.

Who Gets Burnout and When? The Role of Personality, Job Control, and Organizational Identification in Predicting Burnout Among Police Officers

Burnout is found to negatively impact the quality of life of professionals working in the human service industries. By studying 152 police officers in Kolkata, India, we explore what contributes to burnout, and in which context burnout can be reduced or increased. We have focused on the relationship between personality and burnout, and examined the relationship between different job aspects, like job control and organizational identification with burnout. Results indicate that certain personality traits like agreeableness and conscientiousness significantly predict personal accomplishment, while neuroticism predicts emotional exhaustion. Low job control was related with increased emotional exhaustion, and higher level of identification with organization was related with increased sense of personal accomplishment.

Režirana realnost ili rep koji juri psa

This paper provides an analysis of cultural, psychological and communication patterns that could be used to explain popularity and receptivity of the audiences that consume reality programmes. These programmes have started broadcasting in 2006, through the format of Big Brother. They have gained great popularity since then, and the number of viewers has not decreased. In order to better understand the phenomenology of reality programmes, closely analysed their characteristics, especially concerning their format, both the selection and characteristics of reality programme participants, the dramaturgy and the wider social context these shows are realized in. The authors are dealing with specific characteristics of this television form, communication processes that lead to the desired "outcomes" necessary for increasing the viewership, by tendentiously directed roles and behaviour patterns (conflict, sexual content) as well as with possible psychological perspectives that could, to a certain extent, explain the motivation of the audience to engage in the consumption of such content (watching the content, commenting on social networks, voting, favouring certain participants). Some of the psychological explanations for the popularity of such programmes could be found in the high level of identification with the participants who externalize most intimate contents of their inner worlds, and also in the complete equalization of the private and public sphere, as well as in the analytical concept of a Shadow that is related to the inferior and inacceptable parts of the human nature. Our Ego recognizes such content as "someone else's" and connects it more frequently with the behaviour of others than with our own behaviour. Very often, the bearers of those projections are representatives of the so-called marginal groups, therefore the selected participants of reality shows "provide" the space for Shadow projection. Finally, we analysed the wider social context suitable to sustain and "nourish" this form of public discourse. This is actually a relational and contextual question that opens a space for understanding of the needs that underlie the collective dipping into naked privacy and primary processes of the group that we observe through reality programmes.

The reciprocal relationship between occupational burnout, emotional labor and work engagement in healthcare specialists

Emotional labor (EL) is a competence balancing work engagement (WE) and authenticity in relationships with the patients with a depletion of psychophysical and emotional recourses. The main purpose of the study was to examine the reciprocal relationships between EL, WE and the level of occupational burnout syndrome (OBS) in a group of Polish nurses. The article presents the results of a study aimed at verifying how hiding feelings (HF) and the deep acting of emotions (DA) in contacts with patients serve as moderators in the relationship between WE and the OBS level. A cross-sectional study was conducted using the quantitative methodology with a correlation design. All the participants completed 3 standardized questionnaires (Polish versions): the Link Burnout Questionnaire, the Deep Acting and Surface Acting Scale, and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. The research sample was randomly selected in one of the hospitals in Kraków. Data saturation was completed upon obtaining a set of 100 correctly completed questionnaires. The study covered 100 nurses (age: M±SD = 36.91±10.12 years, seniority M±SD = 14.77±10.89 years). For the analysis of the data, the IMB SPSS Statistics 24 with Hayes PROCESS version 3.1 was employed. The study has revealed that there is a negative relationship between WE and OSB, and a positive relationship between HF and OBS. The results have indicated that as the level of WE drops, the importance of HF for explaining the increase in OBS rises. If a low WE coincides with frequent HF, the risk of OBS increases. Work engagement is a construct distinct from, and negatively related to, burnout. A high level of identification and engagement in the work may protect people who hide their emotions from the risk of OSB. Emotional labor may lead to a variety of negative consequences, at the same time forming a personal resource of a medical worker. Med Pr. 2019;70(6):711-22.

The moderating role of corporate reputation and employee-company identification on the work-related outcomes of job insecurity resulting from workforce localization policies

Although previous studies have examined the impact of job insecurity, there remains a need to understand specific issues related to job insecurity that results from government workforce localization policies. This study addresses this gap by examining employees' work-related outcomes: employee engagement, job burnout, and intentions to quit, recognizing the interplay of employees' identification with an organization and perceived corporate reputation in the context of Saudi Arabia's localization policies. The study uses social identification theory to explain how employees' perception of corporate reputation and their identification with a company shape their work attitudes in the presence of job-insecurity. Partial least square - path modeling (PLS-PM) and PROCESS tool is used to test hypotheses from data collected from 135 expatriate migrant employees working in different organizations in Saudi Arabia. Findings show that job insecurity has a significant effect of reducing the engagement of immigrant employees and leads to increased employee burnout and intentions to quit jobs. The results of moderation analysis show that favorable corporate reputation reduces the negative impact of job insecurity on employee's burnout and intentions to quit, whereas high level of identification with company may also reduce employee burnout, even during job insecurity. Although immigrant employees do not seek to leave a reputable organization due to localization policies, they still experience stress, become disengaged, and so are less productive. As a result, businesses should leverage their reputation towards governmental policies of localization, by advocating expatriate employees' contributions towards organizations and economy.

Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsement Of Political Candidates

I examined the effects of celebrity endorsement of political candidates, drawing on third-person effect theory, social identification theory, and political efficacy theory. Participants were 283 students at an American university who took part in a web-based survey that explored attitudes using actual presidential candidates and real celebrities. Study findings suggest that people view such endorsements as having no impact on their own voting behavior yet influencing that of others by encouraging them to vote for the endorsed candidate. In addition, people positively evaluate the endorsed political candidate when they hold a high level of identification with the celebrity endorser and are likely to vote for the candidate. Lastly, whereas political efficacy does influence people's intention to vote, it does not appear to influence their evaluation of the candidate. Limitations of the study and future research are discussed.

Understanding Actors in Complex Security Problems

This article arose while working on the rhino poaching problem in South Africa and having to deal with the large number of stakeholders and complexity. The purpose of actor modelling is to develop a deeper understanding of how stakeholders and threats contribute to the complex security problems. This article is the author's reflection on two different attempts at modelling actors in the rhino problem. A framework is developed and a number of issues are raised with respect to actor modelling: First, values and perspectives are driven by actor needs. The knowledge acquired by actors is determined by perspectives. With a diversity of actors, there is a “fragmentation of perspective” that hampers addressing the problem. Thus, dealing with fragmentation of perspective, requires an approach that is inclusive of actors and different ways of knowing. The validity of actor modelling is limited by what can be determined about the values and interests of actors and this varies across actors. Second, actors have multiple identifications with multiple levels of relationality. For high levels of identification combined with low levels of relationality, there is a challenge for a researcher to understand actor behaviour. Third, actors operate in an autonomy-heteronomy space. This is not a continuum, but both autonomy and heteronomy experienced at the same time. When actors are autonomous they live out their values and interests and are most creative. When creativity is applied, there are many ways (what) of satisfying interests and living out values (why), but actors do not behave randomly. Under autonomy, understanding motivation (why) is more important than what because why is more stable and what cannot be predicted. Actors are dynamic, non-deterministic and non-linear. Fourth, the model represents not only structure but also motivation or purpose and resources; thus, addressing certain aspects of subjective and objective fragmentation. Based on the argument advanced in the paper, the sources of actor complexity leading to novel emerging behaviour in social systems are actor needs and the corresponding values and perspectives, high levels of identification with low levels of relationality and autonomy.

Representation of children attachment styles in corman’s instruction of family drawing

Corman’s family drawing assessment was evaluated as a measure of different attachment styles in children; specifically not and whether children’s attachment style is represented in their family drawing. Corman’s method (1967) of family drawing comprises precise instructions that children can use to represent their desires about their family and life in a drawing. Using multi stage random cluster sampling, 590 students were selected to complete the Attachment Style Classification Questionnaire (Finzi et al., 2000). They were also asked to draw a family using Corman’s instructions. Data analysis was performed using two statistical methods (Pearson and Spearman correlational coefficient). The results showed that an increased level of secure attachment led to lower levels of evaluation of parents, devaluation of parents, omission of self and dissimilarity to one’s real family and higher levels of identification with parents (p˂0.05). Also as avoidant attachment increased, evaluation of parents, self-evaluation and proximity to one’s parents decreased and devaluation of parents, omission of parents and dissimilarity to one’s real family increased (p˂0.05). Also increased anxious attachment led to less omission of parents and less representation of dissimilarity to one’s real family and more evaluation of parents, distance from parents and identification with parents (p˂0.05). Finally, the findings of this research showed that Corman’s instructions can be a suitable tool to measure different types of attachment.

Sport Fan Evaluations of a Major League Baseball Season: Key Predictors and Influence on Future Evaluations and Consumption Behaviors

ABSTRACTThe current study examined fan evaluations of Major League Baseball team performance for a previous season as well as predictions of, and consumption expectations for, an upcoming season. With respect to evaluations of the recently completed season, appraisals were positively predicted by team identification, actual wins, and the number of playoff series played; evaluations were negatively predicted by simply making the playoffs. As for expectations for the next season, evaluations of the previous season, team identification, and actual wins were key predictors as those with more positive evaluations, higher levels of identification, and rooting for teams with fewer wins expected better performances from their team. Regarding consumption, team identification and expectations for the upcoming year were frequent predictors of a variety of consumption forms (e.g. attendance at home games, television viewing).