High DR Research Articles

Bouncing back from emotional ups and downs: insights in emotional recovery using survival analyses of burst ESM data.

Many experience sampling (ESM) studies suggested that high resilience is reflected by quickly recovering one's emotional baseline. However, former studies relied on coarse data and did not look into differential recovery from emotional ups and downs. This preregistered proof-of-concept study therefore used high-resolution data collected in 2022 to compute emotional recovery after high levels of positive versus negative emotions. Adults (N = 68) participated in a three-week ESM study with eight assessments per day, complemented by short-spaced burst assessments. Resilience was assessed at baseline (trait-level; TR) and daily (day-level; DR). Multilevel survival analyses showed that high DR predicted faster returns from negative emotions, but also delayed returns following positive emotions (exp(β) = 1.32, p = 0.006). Instead, TR did not relate to emotional recovery (exp(β) = 0.85, p = 0.067). These findings were generally robust across different sensitivity analyses. This illustrates how innovative ESM designs combined with time-to-event analyses may further our insight in emotional recovery and the timescale at which it unfolds.

Sustaining consistent cobalt-60 dose rate enhances radiosurgical outcomes in brain arteriovenous malformation management

Background and purposeThe impact of cobalt-60 dose rate (Co-60 DR) on outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains fully elucidated. This study explored the association between Co-60 DR and SRS outcomes in AVM treatment. Materials and methods772 AVM patients from 1990 to 2020 were included. High DR was defined as ≥ 2.4 Gy/min. AVM patients were categorized into 3 cohorts based on the nidus volume: small (<5 mL), medium (≥5 mL and < 10 mL), and large (≥10 mL). The primary endpoint was AVM obliteration; secondary endpoints included post-SRS hemorrhage. ResultsCumulative obliteration rates of the large AVM were significantly increased in the high DR group than those in the low DR group (84 % vs. 45 % at 5 years, log-rank test; p = 0.011). Multivariable analysis showed that the obliteration rate was significantly elevated for the high DR group in the large AVM cohort with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.78 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–3.17, p = 0.049). Post-SRS hemorrhage rates of the entire cohort were significantly decreased in the high DR group than in the low DR group (2.5 % vs. 5.3 % at 5 years, log-rank test; p = 0.035). Multivariable analysis revealed post–SRS hemorrhage was reduced in the high DR group with an adjusted HR of 0.47 (95 % CI: 0.24–0.92, p = 0.026). ConclusionHigh DR may lead to increased efficiency for large AVMs and decreased post-SRS hemorrhage in all AVM cases. Sustaining a higher Co-60 DR could potentially yield favorable outcomes for SRS for AVMs.

Organocatalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Fluorooxindoles to Quinone Methides.

Fluorooxindoles undergo asymmetric Michael addition to para-quinone methides under phase-transfer conditions with 10 mol% of a readily available cinchona alkaloid ammonium catalyst. This reaction affords sterically encumbered, multifunctional fluorinated organic compounds displaying two adjacent chirality centers with high yields, ee's and dr's.

MESS Scale in Peripheral Vascular Trauma of the Lower Extremities: Experience at the High Specialty Regional Hospital Dr Gustavo A Rovirosa Perez

MESS Scale in Peripheral Vascular Trauma of the Lower Extremities: Experience at the High Specialty Regional Hospital Dr Gustavo A Rovirosa Perez

Estimation of evapotranspiration fluxes over mustard using a Two-Source Energy Balance model

Abstract A Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model computes surface energy fluxes using soil surface temperature and canopy temperature. An experiment was carried out in a research farm near the agrometeorological observatory, at Anand, India to parameterize the TSEB model for the mustard (Brassica Juncea) crop, to estimate surface energy fluxes and validate the TSEB-2T model. The TSEB-2T model was validated using net radiation measurements. Results revealed that modeled net radiation under all sowings. Very late sowing had comparatively high dr 0.61, r 0.78** and low RMSE 58.12 Wm−2, MAE 46.47 Wm−2 and low MBE 1.66. Net radiation over mustard ranged from 269 to 538 Wm−2 with relatively high peaks in the second sowing date. Sensible heat flux was relatively high during early growth and after the seed development phase. Latent heat flux and sensible heat flux had inverse partitioning patterns during the crop cycle of the mustard. Ground heat flux had negligible partitioning from net radiation after the seed initiation stage. During vegetative to pod initiation phases, the net radiation fraction for latent heat was high compared to sensible heat. Peak daily evapotranspiration based on modeled latent heat during the flowering to pod initiation phase was about 3.7 mm day−1.

Application of machine learning based models in computer network data

Abstract Computer networks, as one of the indispensable infrastructures in today’s world, play an extremely important role in industrial production and daily life. This paper revolves around the intelligent diagnosis of computer network data faults using machine learning methods. Firstly, the support vector machine network fault minimization principle is proposed based on the machine learning model, which leads to under-learning or over-learning when the samples are limited, or there is noise. Then, a loss function is introduced for the under-learning or over-learning problem to ensure that the support vector machine can accurately achieve fault diagnosis. Finally, the evaluation index of computational network fault diagnosis is constructed for the experimental purpose, and four algorithms are selected as the experimental control group to analyze the data. It is obtained that SVM and ANN models have high DR and low FAR. Their DR is 87.9% and 84.5%, respectively, while their FAR is only 5.4%. This further validates the superiority of SVM in computer network data fault detection. This study possesses low training time complexity and can overcome the problem of uneven distribution of the number of faulty and normal samples in network fault diagnosis to some extent.

Applicability of magnetic seeds for target lymph node biopsy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in initially node-positive breast cancer patients: data from the AXSANA study

PurposeCurrently, various techniques are available to mark and selectively remove initially suspicious axillary lymph nodes (target lymph nodes, TLNs) in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). To date, limited data are available on whether the use of magnetic seeds (MS) is suitable for localizing TLNs. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of MS in patients undergoing target lymph node biopsy (TLNB) or targeted axillary dissection (TAD) after NACT.MethodsProspective data from the ongoing multicentric AXSANA study were extracted from selected patients in whom the TLN had been marked with an MS before NACT and who were enrolled from June 2020 to June 2023. The endpoints of the analysis were the detection rate, the rate of lost markers, and the potential impairment on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment.ResultsIn 187 patients from 27 study sites in seven countries, MS were placed into the TLN before NACT. In 151 of these, post-NACT surgery had been completed at the time of analysis. In 146 patients (96.0%), a TLN could successfully be detected. In three patients, the seed was removed but no lymphoid tissue was detected on histopathology. The rate of lost markers was 1.2% (2 out of 164 MS). In 15 out of 151 patients (9.9%), MRI assessment was reported to be compromised by MS placement.ConclusionMS show excellent applicability for TLNB/TAD when inserted before NACT with a high DR and a low rate of lost markers. Axillary MS can impair MRI assessment of the breast.Trial registration numberNCT04373655 (date of registration May 4, 2020).

Diastereoselective Synthesis of Phosphinic Dipeptide Isosteres: Domino Chirality Transfer during a Stereocontrolled P-Michael Reaction.

A highly diastereoselective P-Michael addition of chiral aminophosphinic acids to achiral acrylates has been developed, leading to phosphinic dipeptide isosteres in high yields and dr of up to >50:1. The method allows for the diastereoselective preparation of target compounds without the need for chiral auxiliaries or P-chiral substrates. A possible mechanistic explanation involves a domino chirality transfer from the aminophosphinic acid to the P center, amplified by a crucial benzhydryl ester group, and then to the α-carbon.

Diastereoselective Petasis-Borono-Mannich Crotylation Reactions of Chiral α-Heteroatom (F, OBz, OH) Aldehydes: Rapid Access to Valuable Mono and Bicyclic Heterocyclic Scaffolds.

The crotylation reactions of chiral α-F, α-OBz and α-OH aldehydes under Petasis-borono-Mannich conditions using (E)- or (Z)-crotylboronates and primary amines resulted in γ-addition products in high dr and high er. α-F and α-OBz aldehydes gave 1,2-anti-2,3-syn and 1,2-anti-2,3-anti, products, respectively while an α-OH aldehyde gave 1,2-syn-2,3-syn products. The stereochemical outcomes of reactions of the former aldehydes can be explained using a six-membered ring transition state (TS) model in which a Cornforth-like conformation around the imine intermediate is favoured resulting in 1,2-anti products. The 2,3-stereochemical outcome is dependent upon the geometry of the crotylboronate. These TS models were also supported by DFT calculations. The stereochemical outcomes of reactions employing an α-OH aldehyde can be rationalised as occurring via an open-TS involving H-bonding in the imine intermediate between the α-OH group and the imine N atom. Representative products were converted to highly functionalized 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridines and 3H-oxazolo[3,4-a]pyridine-3-ones which will be valuable scaffolds in synthesis.

Fully Dynamic Zoom-ADC Based on Improved Swing-Enhanced FIAs Using CLS Technique With 1250× Bandwidth/Power Scalability

This brief proposes a fully dynamic zoom ADC based on improved swing-enhanced floating-inverter amplifiers (SEFIAs) using the correlated-level-shifting (CLS) technique with 1250× bandwidth/power scalability, by only changing the clock frequency. The improved SEFIA with CLS uses a reused capacitor to replace the dynamic biasing capacitor and input coupling capacitor, which simultaneously achieves both high gain and high output swing. Fabricated in a 55nm CMOS process, the prototype ADC with near-constant energy efficiency, which scales power from 453nW to 122μW, achieves high resolution (> 95.2 dB) and high DR (> 96.7 dB) during the scalable bandwidth. At 5kHz BW, it achieves 97.3dB DR, 96.3dB SNDR, and 112.2dB SFDR, leading to FoMDR of 177.1dB and FoMSNDR of 176.1dB.

Copper(I)-Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of 1,4-Dienes to β-Substituted Alkenyl Azaarenes

Chiral azaarene compounds are extremely important due to their prevalence in pharmaceutical ingredients. Herein, an array of chiral molecules bearing azaaryl groups is synthesized in moderate-to-excellent yields with moderate-to-excellent Z/E ratios, high dr, and excellent enantioselectivity by a copper(I)-catalyzed asymmetric conjugate addition of 1,4-dienes to (E)-β-substituted alkenyl azaarenes. The reaction is carried out under mild proton-transfer conditions, which enjoys very high atom economy. Moreover, the reaction features a broad substrate scope on (E)-α,β-unsaturated azaarenes as various azaarenes are well tolerated, such as benzothiazole, thiazole, N-methyl-benzimidazole, benzoxazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, pyrimidine, pyrazine, and triazine. Interestingly, the reaction with (Z)-α,β-unsaturated azaarenes affords the same products in excellent results but with a reversed absolute configuration. DFT calculations indicate that the C-C bond-forming nucleophilic addition is a Z-/E- and enantio-selectivities-determining step and provides a rationale for the origin of selectivities. At last, the synthetic utilities of the product are showcased by several transformations, including olefin metathesis, [4 + 2] cyclization, [2 + 1] cyclization, and cleavage of the benzothiazole ring.

Organocatalyzed enantio- and diastereoselective isomerization of prochiral 1,3-cyclohexanediones into nonalactones bearing distant stereocenters.

The lactonization of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,3-cyclohexanediones containing an alcohol side chain and up to three distant prochiral elements is reported by isomerization under the mediation of simple organocatalysts such as quinidine. Through a process of ring expansion, strained nonalactones and decalactone are produced with up to three stereocenters in high er and dr (up to 99 : 1). Distant groups, including alkyl, aryl, carboxylate and carboxamide moieties, were examined.

Visible Light-Mediated Cyclisation Reaction for the Synthesis of Highly-Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines and Quinolines.

Condensation of 2-vinylanilines and conjugated aldehydes followed by an efficient light-mediated cyclisation selectively yields either substituted tetrahydroquinolines with typically high dr, or in the presence of an iridium photocatalyst the synthesis of quinoline derivatives is demonstrated. These atom economical processes require mild conditions, with the substrate scope demonstrating excellent site selectivity and functional group tolerance, including azaarene-bearing substrates. A thorough experimental mechanistic investigation explores multiple pathways and the key role that imine and iminium intermediates play in the absorption of visible light to generate reactive excited states. The synthetic utility of the reactions is demonstrated on gram scale quantities in both batch and flow, alongside further manipulation of the medicinally relevant products.

Visible Light‐Mediated Cyclisation Reaction for the Synthesis of Highly‐Substituted Tetrahydroquinolines and Quinolines

AbstractCondensation of 2‐vinylanilines and conjugated aldehydes followed by an efficient light‐mediated cyclisation selectively yields either substituted tetrahydroquinolines with typically high dr, or in the presence of an iridium photocatalyst the synthesis of quinoline derivatives is demonstrated. These atom economical processes require mild conditions, with the substrate scope demonstrating excellent site selectivity and functional group tolerance, including azaarene‐bearing substrates. A thorough experimental mechanistic investigation explores multiple pathways and the key role that imine and iminium intermediates play in the absorption of visible light to generate reactive excited states. The synthetic utility of the reactions is demonstrated on gram scale quantities in both batch and flow, alongside further manipulation of the medicinally relevant products.

MHC Class II Expression Influences the Composition and Distribution of Immune Cells in the Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Microenvironment.

Simple SummaryExtensive data exist regarding the importance of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I in the tumor microenvironment, but data on MHC class II (MHC-II) are lacking. Using multiplex immunohistochemistry and spatial modeling, we demonstrate that MHC-II expression impacts both the relationships of cells traditionally associated with T lymphocyte priming and spatial interactions of cytotoxic lymphocytes and tumor cells in colorectal cancer.Despite advances in therapy over the past decades, metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains a highly morbid disease. While the impact of MHC-I on immune infiltration in mCRC has been well studied, data on the consequences of MHC-II loss are lacking. Multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry (mfIHC) was performed on 149 patients undergoing curative intent resection for mCRC and stratified into high and low human leukocyte antigen isotype DR (HLA-DR) expressing tumors. Intratumoral HLA-DR expression was found in stromal bands, and its expression level was associated with different infiltrating immune cell makeup and distribution. Low HLA-DR expression was associated with increased intercellular distances and decreased population mixing of T helper cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC), suggestive of decreased interactions. This was associated with less co-localization of tumor cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which tended to be in a less activated state as determined by Ki67 and granzyme B expression. These findings suggest that low HLA-DR in the tumor microenvironment of mCRC may reflect a state of poor helper T-cell interactions with APCs and CTL-mediated anti-tumor activity. Efforts to restore/enhance MHC-II presentation may be a useful strategy to enhance checkpoint inhibition therapy in the future.

Synthetic and Computational Study of the Enantioselective [3+2]-Cycloaddition of Chromones with MBH Carbonates.

Highly efficient and straightforward access to enantioenriched five-membered ring-fused chromanones is developed via [3+2]-cycloaddition of 3-cyanochromones with Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates. Densely functionalized chiral cyclopenta[b]chromanones with three continuous quaternary and tertiary stereogenic carbon centers were obtained in high yields with high ee and dr (≤97% yield, 97% ee, and >20:1 dr). Moreover, density functional theory calculations have been carried out to investigate the mechanism and regio- and diastereoselectivity of the reaction.

Keefektifan Konseling Kelompok Dengan Teknik Penguatan Positif Dalam Menurunkan Prokrastinasi Siswa

The research aims to test counseling groups with technique strengthening procrastination student learning in class XI at senior high school of Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Procrastination is an events conducted students in suspend work. Counseling groups were done to a counselor as conferring with konseli.Positive form of behavior and strengthening is predicted by students.Used samples from 6 research students given treatment for 7 meetings with significant changes students. From the pretest and posttest used test wilcoxon to indicate that a decline in prokrastinasi student learning where the averages for each pretest is 121.38 and posttest is 88 , because significance = P &lt; 0.05. Thus can be concluded that counseling group to technique strengthening positive impact on prokrastinasi student learning class xi high school dr .Soetomo Surabaya. Keywords: Procrastination, Positif Reinforcement, Group Counseling

Asymmetric Metal‐Templated Route to Amino Acids with 3‐Spiropyrrolidine Oxindole Core via a 1,3‐Dipolar Addition of Azomethine Ylides to a Chiral Dehydroalanine Ni(II) Complex

AbstractWe herein developed a protocol for the asymmetric synthesis of artificial AAs featuring a 3‐spiropyrrolidine oxindole skeletal with continuous tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters by a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of in situ generated azomethine ylides with a chiral dehydroalanine Ni(II) complex. A three‐component reaction of the Ni(II) complex with various isatins and AAs in green solvent (ethanol) provided series of diastereomeric complexes with high dr (&gt;20:1) in 40–86% yields. The formation of different regioisomers in the case of sarcosine and proline was explained using quantum chemical calculation. The acidic decomposition of the obtained Ni(II) complexes led to the target unnatural complex AAs with a 3‐spiropyrrolidine oxindole core. The chiral auxiliary ligand was recovered after decomposition and reused for the synthesis of the starting dehydroalanine complex‐substrate.magnified image

Assessment of drought risk for winter wheat on the Huanghuaihai Plain under climate change using an EPIC model-based approach

ABSTRACT Climate change-induced drought poses a serious negative impact on global crop production and food security. The Huang Huai Hai (HHH) Plain, one of the most important grain production areas in China, is heavenly stricken by drought. Motivated by formulating drought risk prevention strategies that adapt to climate change on the HHH Plain, therefore, the present study aims to quantitatively evaluate the winter wheat drought risk under multiple climate scenarios using the Environmental Policy Impact Climate (EPIC) model. Based on the well-validated EPIC model, the drought hazard intensity (dHI), physical vulnerability (pV), and drought risk (dR) of the HHH Plain from 2010 to 2099 are assessed. Temporally, the dR showed an increasing trend in the long term, the high dR areas increased by 0.63% and 1.18% under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. Spatially, dR showed a pattern of high in the south and low in the north whether under RCP4.5 or RCP8.5 scenario. Comparatively, the dR was 0.211 under the RCP4.5 scenario which was slightly higher than that under the RCP8.5 scenario, i.e. 0.207. The Huanghuai Plain agricultural subregion will be a high dHI-pV-dR region. The temperature increase might be the main factor affecting the wheat drought risk.

Multi-marker risk-based screening for prostate cancer.

ObjectiveTo determine prostate cancer screening performance using prostate specific antigen (PSA) along with other markers, expressing markers in age-specific multiples of the median (MoM), and age.MethodsA prospective nested case-control study used stored serum from 571 men who died of, or with history of, prostate cancer (cases), and 2169 matched controls. Total, free and intact PSA, human kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (hK2), and microseminoprotein were measured and converted into MoM values. Screening marker distribution parameters were estimated in cases and controls. Monte Carlo simulation used these in a risk-based algorithm to estimate screening performance (detection rates [DRs] and false-positive rates [FPRs]).ResultsAlmost all (99%) cases occurred aged ≥55. Marker values were similar in cases who did and did not die of prostate cancer. Combining age, total PSA and hK2 MoM values (other markers added little or no discrimination) yielded a 1.2% FPR (95% CI 0.2–4.8%) for a 90% DR (59–98%) in men who died of or with a prostate cancer diagnosis within 5 years of blood collection (risk cut-off 1 in 20), two-thirds less than the 4.5% FPR using total PSA alone measured in ng/ml for the same 90% DR (cut-off 3.1 ng/ml). Screening performance over 10 years yielded a 33% (22–46%) FPR for a 90% DR.ConclusionScreening performed up to every 5 years from age 55 using the multi-marker risk-based screening algorithm for future prostate cancer achieves a high DR and a much lower FPR than using PSA alone, resulting in reductions in overdiagnosis and overtreatment.