High-density Lipoprotein Levels Research Articles

Vitamin D levels and lipid profiles in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women. Dyslipidemia is a prevalent metabolic abnormality in individuals with PCOS. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency is widespread across all societal strata, with a particularly heightened prevalence observed in patients afflicted with PCOS. The present study aimed to investigate the level of vitamin D and its correlation with lipid profiles in Iranian women diagnosed with PCOS.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out at the PCOS and infertility clinic of Arash Women’s Hospital in Tehran. The study encompassed the medical records of PCOS patients who attended the clinic from March 2021 to December 2023. All patients underwent blood tests, which included assessments of fasting blood sugar levels, lipid profiles, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels. The investigation focused on evaluating the relationship between vitamin D levels and lipid profiles. Statistical analyses, including the chi-square test and Spearman’s correlation coefficient, were employed to analyze the data.ResultsA total of 1004 women diagnosed with PCOS were included in the study. The age range of the participants was 14 to 46 years. The majority of the participants had a body mass index (BMI) within the normal range (n = 555, 55.3%). The median vitamin D level among the participants was 26.00 (IQR: 19.00–34.00). The relationship between vitamin D levels and lipid profile parameters was assessed, revealing no significant correlation between vitamin D levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (r = 0.021, p = 0.505), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (r = 0.011, p = 0.719), or triglyceride (TG) (r = -0.026, p = 0.417) levels, both in non-adjusted and age-adjusted analyses.ConclusionAccording to the present study, there was no significant correlation between serum 25(OH)D deficiency and elevated TG or LDL levels or decreased HDL levels in PCOS patients. Nevertheless, further prospective studies are needed to determine whether there is a causal relationship between vitamin D deficiency and lipid profile alterations, specifically among PCOS patients.

Long-term efficacy and safety of PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone in treating Chinese children with growth hormone deficiency: a 5-year retrospective study.

The study endeavored to evaluate the prolonged efficacy and safety of PEGylated rhGH (PEG-rhGH) administration in Chinese children diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) over a 5-year period. A retrospective analysis was conducted on children with GHD, who received a 0.2 mg/kg/week dose of PEG-rhGH between 2016 and 2023 in our department. The height standard deviation score (Ht SDS) exhibited a marked elevation post-PEG-rhGH administration (p<0.001), sustaining this enhancement beyond year 3, with increments recorded at 0.94±0.37, 1.49±0.48, 1.77±0.51, 2.12±0.65, and 2.15±0.58 across 5 years. Similarly, the height velocity (HV), insulin-like growth factor-1 standard deviation score (IGF-1 SDS), and bone age to chronological age ratio (BA/CA ratio) underwent significant augmentations (p<0.01). Remarkably, no signs of rapid bone maturation were detected during the 5-year observation. Among the participants, 31 patients (59.62 %) experienced adverse events, of which eight instances (15.38 %) were classified as treatment-related adverse events, but none were severe or unexpected. Additionally, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels rose while low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels fell, both remaining within the standard range throughout the treatment phase. Administering PEG-rhGH at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg/week proved both effective and well-tolerated in treating prepubertal children with GHD. This regimen also demonstrated positive impacts on lipid metabolism over an extended treatment period.

LAYING PERFORMANCE, EGG QUALITY, AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF LAYING DUCKS AFFECTED BY DIETARY CHITOSAN OLIGOSACCHARIDES SUPPLEMENTATION

Chitosan oligosaccharides (COs) have varying physiologic activities. This work aims to explore effects of dietary COs on the laying performance, egg quality, and plasma biochemical indicators of laying ducks. Four diets were formulated by supplementing different dosages (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) of COs in basal diet. A total of 288 Suyou No.2 healthy laying ducks at peak egg production stage with age of 28 weeks, similar weights (1500 ± 106 g) and egg laying rates were randomly evenly assigned to four groups, with 6 replicates in each group. Dietary 50 mg/kg of COs increased daily egg production (EP), egg mass (EM), egg weight (EW), eggshell strength, yolk color, serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities, and immunoglobulin (Ig) G, Ig A, Ig M, and high-density lipoprotein levels (HDL-C). Conversely, it decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR), yolk percentage, and serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels of laying ducks. Nevertheless, a high dosage of COs (100 mg/kg) neither decreased nor improved the efficiency. The optimum dose of COs supplementation required for the maximum egg mass of laying ducks was 61.41 mg/kg. These results indicated that COs supplementation at an appropriate dosage could ameliorate the laying performance, egg quality, and health condition of laying ducks. Keywords: dietary, chitosan oligosaccharides, laying ducks.

Use of placental-derived mesenchymal stem cells to restore ovarian function and metabolic profile in a rat model of the polycystic ovarian syndrome

IntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disturbance that affects many women worldwide and is characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and ovarian dysfunction. Placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDMSCs) are derived from the placenta and have advantages over other sources of MSCs in terms of availability, safety, and immunomodulation.Materials and methodsIn this experimental study, twenty female Wistar rats were assigned to four groups (n = 5) including control, sham, PCOS, and PCOS+PDMSCs groups. Then, PCOS was induced in the rats through administering letrozole for 21 days. PDMSCs (1 × 106 cells) were injected through the tail vein. Fourteen days after the cell infusion, evaluation was performed on the number of healthy follicles, corpus luteum, and cystic follicles as well as the levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance. Moreover, the serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were measured. Liver function was also determined by the evaluation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels.ResultsThe number of corpus luteum and primordial, primary, secondary, and antral follicles was significantly elevated in the PCOS+PDMSCs group compared to the PCOS group. However, the number of cystic follicles significantly decreased in the PCOS+PDMSCs group. The LH and testosterone levels also decreased significantly, while FSH levels increased significantly in the PCOS+PDMSCs group. The levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance notably decreased in the PCOS+PDMSCs group. Moreover, the lipid profile improved in the PCOS+PDMSCs group along with a significant decrease of cholesterol, LDL, and TG and an increase in HDL. The PCOS+PDMSCs group exhibited marked decreases in the AST and ALT levels as well.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that PDMSCs are a potential treatment option for PCOS because they can effectively restore folliculogenesis and correct hormonal imbalances, lipid profiles and liver dysfunction in a rat model of PCOS. However, further research is needed to establish the safety and effectiveness of PDMSCs for treating PCOS.

Chamomile Extract Reduces Cardiac Toxicity in Female Mice with Ehrlich Solid Carcinoma.

Cancer is the most serious disorder that may affect a person and is also the leading cause of mortality. Worldwide, breast cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. The popularity of treating diseases using alternative and complementary medicines has increased in recent decades; many of these are derived from plants. Chamomile has a beneficial effect in treating many diseases, there for the purpose of this work is to study how chamomile protect against cardiac damage and toxicity brought on by Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) in adult female mice. 40 female mice were distributed in 4 groups (control, chamomile, EST, EST+chamomile). The research results indicated that EST caused significant alterations in cardiac function and structure. EST induced a significant elevation in serum creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and myoglobin (MB), potassium, chloride ions, cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cardiac tissue damage, apoptotic P53 and Caspase 3 expressions while levels of sodium ions and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were significantly decreased. Treatments of EST with chamomile improved the biochemical, histopathological, and Immunohistochemical alterations. This suggests that chamomile may be useful as an adjuvant for the treatment and prevention of cardiac toxicity.

RISK FACTORS AND FREQUENCY OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AMONG ADULTS

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant public health challenge in developing nations, accounting for the most critical mortality rates and illness burden globally. Approximately 74% of annual worldwide deaths are attributed to non-communicable diseases (NCDs), with 77% of these fatalities happening in nations with low or middle incomes. The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome is recognized as a significant public health concern due to its correlation with an increased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular issues in individuals of all age groups, including adults, teens, and children. Objective: To determine the risk factors and frequency of metabolic syndrome among adults. Methods: The current study was a sectional study at HMC Hayatabad Peshawar. This study lasted one year, from April 2023 to April 2024. The total sample size was 1000, determined using the WHO sample size calculator. Experts collected anthropometric measurements, including weight and height. A standardized sphygmomanometer was employed to assess blood pressure. Blood samples were obtained from each subject. The data was analyzed using the SPSS version 23 program. Results: This research had a total of 1000 participants. In our study, there were 550 (55%) male participants, and 450 individuals (35%) identified as female. The average (standard deviation) age was 43.05 (11.2) years. Metabolic syndrome was found to be present in 350 (35%) of the participants. In our research, we found that obese individuals had an odds ratio (OR) of 15.01, individuals aged 51 years or older had an OR of 5.91, and overweight participants had an OR of 5.91. These findings indicate that these groups are at a much higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Our research findings suggest that metabolic syndrome is quite frequent in our community, with a higher occurrence among females. According to our research, the primary characteristics that significantly impact participation include hyperglycemia, hypertension, abdominal obesity, high levels of triglycerides, and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL).

Effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus velezensis on the growth performance, body composition, antioxidant, immune-related gene expression, and histology of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei

In recent decades, probiotics have become an acceptable aquaculture strategy for shrimp growth promotion and immune modulation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bacillus velezensis on Litopenaeus vannamei following a 60-day trial. L. vannamei (3 ± 0.4 g) were distributed into four groups with three replicates per group and fed an isonitrogenous diet supplemented with B. velezensis at 0, 1 × 107, 1 × 108, and 1 × 109 CFU/g, which were defined as the control, G1, G2, and G3 groups, respectively. B. velezensis significantly improved the growth, survival rate, and proximate body composition of L. vannamei (P < 0.05). All groups fed the B. velezensis diet showed significant increases in digestive enzymes (lipase, amylase, and protease), superoxide dismutase (SOD; G3), catalase (CAT; G3, G2, and G1), lysozyme activity (G3 and G2), immunoglobulin M (IgM), bactericidal activity BA%, alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and acid phosphatase (ACP) compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA), triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly decreased in all groups fed B. velezensis diet compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The expression levels of SOD (G3), LZM, and serine proteinase genes were significantly higher in L. vannamei fed diets containing B. velezensis than in the control group (P < 0.05). This is the first study to address the effects of B. velezensis on the expression of the LZM and serine proteinase genes in L. vannamei. L. vannamei fed diet containing B. velezensis had more B and R cells in its hepatopancreas than did the control group. In conclusion, B. velezensis is a promising probiotic that can be safely added to the diet of L. vannamei with 1 × 109 CFU/g. Its application had a positive influence on the health status, survival rate, nutritional value, and immunity of L. vannamei.

The association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism of site rs1333040 in region 9p21 and the risk of coronary heart disease in Chinese population

Background Rs1333040 is the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) related with coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of the present study is to examine the association between rs1333040 polymorphism genotypes and CHD and to further explore the molecular mechanism in Chinese population. Methods A case-control study was used in this study, including 500 CHD patients and 500 control subjects. CHD patients and controls were distinguished by coronary angiography. Genotypes of rs1333040 were determined on the Agena MassARRAY system. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS (Ver 16.0) and plink (Ver. 1.07, Shaun Purcell). Results Fisher’s exact test by plink indicated a significant difference in the allele distribution between cases and controls, the allele T may be associated with a higher risk of CHD (p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR) = 1.258). The serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.029) and Gensini score (p = 0.008) distributed differently in patients with various alleles. In the recessive model, the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A (ApoA) were higher in the TC + CC genotype than in the TT genotype. The TC + TT genotype was found to be risk factors against CHD in a dominant model (OR = 1.278, p = 0.014). The TC + TT genotype along with multiple risk factors significantly positively correlated with the risk of CHD. Conclusions The present study investigates the association between the rs1333040 polymorphism genotypes and CHD. The T allele of rs1333040 is the susceptibility site of CHD. The interaction between SNP and various risk factors plays an important role in the development of CHD.

The Impact of Organized Exercise and Non-organized Leisured Time Activity on Serum Pentraxin3 and C-reactive Protein Levels, Lipid Profile and Physical Fitness in Diabetic Children

Background: Microvascular changes and precursors of atherosclerosis are frequently observed in young patients with early-onset type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Due to their known beneficial effects, physical activity is strongly recommended for its management. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of organized exercise (OE) and non-organized leisure time activity (NOLTA) on determinants of cardiovascular disease and physical fitness in children with type 1 diabetes. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 20 children with T1DM were randomly divided into two groups of 10: OE (n = 10, mean age = 12.60 ± 1.34 years) and NOLTA (n = 10, mean age = 12.40 ± 0.84 years). Subjects in both groups participated in their respective activities 3 days per week. Blood samples and physiological measurements were taken 48 hours before and after the 8-week training period. Results: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and physical fitness factors increased significantly in both exercise groups. Fasting blood glucose, C-reactive protein, and the cholesterol/HDL ratio were also significantly reduced in both groups. Waist circumference, glycosylated hemoglobin, and the LDL/HDL ratio were significantly reduced only in the OE group. However, the decrease in the acute phase protein pentraxin 3 was minimal and statistically insignificant. Conclusions: In children and adolescents with T1DM, regular exercise—due to its anti-inflammatory effects and its ability to improve cardiorespiratory fitness, lipid profile, and blood glucose levels—may help reduce the severity and likelihood of cardiovascular disease in adulthood.

The Role of High-Density Lipoprotein, C-reactive Protein, and Serum Ferritin in Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: An Observational Cross-Sectional Comparative Study.

Background Stroke is a significant global health issue, with a high prevalence of morbidity, mortality, and disability. We can classify strokes into two types: ischemic and hemorrhagic, with ischemic strokes being more common. This study aims to investigate the role of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), C-reactive protein (CRP), and serum ferritin levels in people who have had ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in order to identify possible biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment. Materials and methods This observational cross-sectional comparative study included 100 stroke patients (50 ischemic and 50 hemorrhagic) from Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune. We collected data through clinical evaluations, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. We measured and analyzed HDL, CRP, and serum ferritin levels using appropriate statistical tests, such as the chi-square test and Student t-test, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and a 5% p-value for significance. Results The mean age for ischemic stroke patients was 55.92 years, whereas for hemorrhagic stroke patients, it was 58.68 years. The study found significant differences in HDL, CRP, and ferritin levels between the two groups. The mean HDL level for ischemic stroke patients was significantly lower at 25.10 mg/dL, compared to 40.57 mg/dL in hemorrhagic stroke patients, with a p-value of <0.001. The mean CRP level was higher in ischemic stroke patients (28.90 mg/L) compared to hemorrhagic stroke patients (22.80 mg/L), with a p-value of <0.001. Ferritin levels were also higher in hemorrhagic stroke patients (587.98 ng/mL) compared to ischemic stroke patients (473.16 ng/mL), with a statistically significant p-value of <0.001. Conclusion This study highlights the significant role of HDL, CRP, and serum ferritin levels in distinguishing between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. Elevated HDL levels may protect against ischemic strokes due to their anti-inflammatory properties, while higher CRP levels in ischemic strokes indicate a strong inflammatory response. Elevated ferritin levels in hemorrhagic strokes suggest increased oxidative stress and inflammation.

Evaluation of the Prevalence and Pattern of Dyslipidemia in Newly Detected Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Nondiabetic Controls

Abstract Introduction: Dyslipidemia comprises disorders of lipoprotein metabolism, which is usually characterized by increased plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), or reduced plasma level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Dyslipidemia is commonly found in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients causing an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Many studies done previously show variable prevalence of dyslipidemia (68 to 85 %) in known diagnosed patients of T2DM (with unknown history of onset), however, only limited studies have been done for finding prevalence of dyslipidemia in newly detected T2DM patients. Aim: This study is a cross-sectional observational study done in a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai (India), aiming to study prevalence and pattern in newly detected T2DM patients. The secondary objective is to compare the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in newly detected T2DM patients with non-diabetic controls. Material and Method: For this, 100 newly detected T2DM patients were chosen along with 100 cases of age &amp; gender-matched non-diabetic controls. Their clinical profile and lipid profile of both groups were observed and compared. Result: Results showed higher prevalence of dyslipidemia in newly detected T2DM patients (64%) which was significantly more than the control group (32%). Moreover, the pattern of dyslipidemia showed greater mean levels of TC, TG, and LDL and low mean levels of HDL in T2DM patients compared to the control group. Conclusion: These findings show that there is an increased risk of Dyslipidemia in new onset T2DM patients.

Evaluation of Clinical Correlation between Insulin Resistance and Antipsychotic Drug Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenia.

Treatment with different antipsychotics can lead to various metabolic side effects in patients with psychosis, impacting long-term prognosis. This study aimed to compare the changes and clinical efficacy of insulin resistance in patients treated with olanzapine and ziprasidone. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 80 patients with schizophrenia. The patients were divided into olanzapine treatment group and ziprasidone treatment group. Parameters including body weight, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), insulin resistance index, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores were recorded and compared before and after treatment. BMI, FPG, FPI, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), CHO, TG and LDL in both groups were significantly higher than before treatment (p < 0.05). These parameters were significantly higher in the olanzapine group than in the ziprasidone group (p < 0.05). The level of HDL in both groups was significantly decreased after treatment, and the level of HDL in the olanzapine group was significantly lower than that in the ziprasidone group after treatment (p < 0.05). After treatment, the total score and score of PANSS in both groups were significantly lower than before treatment (p < 0.05). After treatment, there was no significant difference in total score and PANSS score between both groups (p > 0.05). The incidence of insulin resistance (IR) was significantly higher in the olanzapine group compared to the ziprasidone group (χ2 = 4.021, p < 0.05). In the IR group, BMI, FPG, FPI, TG, and LDL levels were higher than in the non-IR group (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that BMI, FPG, FPI, TG, and LDL were independent risk factors for IR (odd ratio (OR) >1, p < 0.05). Treatment with olanzapine and ziprasidone improves clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, but increases the risk of insulin resistance. The metabolic side effects of olanzapine are more pronounced.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in sickle cell disease patients: A cross‐sectional study at a tertiary hospital in Nepal

AbstractBackgroundSickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common hemoglobinopathy caused by an autosomal recessive genetic disorder leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates. SCD is prevalent in the Tharu community in the lowland (Terai) region of Nepal. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults with SCD is poorly studied.MethodologyThis prospective cross‐sectional study was conducted at Seti Provincial Hospital in Dhangadhi, Nepal, among 140 adolescents and adults with SCD, aged 15–60 years. Anthropometric and laboratory data were collected using an assisted questionnaire, and the SPSS software version 23 was used for data analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarize the presence of metabolic syndrome and were stratified in separate analyses by age and sex. National Cholesterol Education Program‐Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were used to define metabolic syndrome.AimThis cross‐sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among SCD patients with SCD registered at the Seti Provincial Hospital in Dhangadhi, Nepal.ResultsThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the study participants was 7.8%. Our study revealed 5% of the patients overweight, and 1.4% obese. In this study, the mean triglyceride level was 118.5 mg/dL, and the mean high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) level was 36.2 mg/dL (men) and 36.7 mg/dL (women). This study found that the mean fasting blood glucose level was 88.6 gm/dL. Similarly, 3.5% of patients had increased systolic blood pressure, and 7.8% had raised diastolic blood pressure. Study shows that changes in triglyceride level (p = 0.013), waist circumference, and HDL level (p = 0.0001 and 0.0048, respectively) are significantly associated with smoking or alcohol consumption; however, change in blood pressure (p = 0.013) and fasting blood sugar level (p = 0.086) are not associated with smoking or alcohol consumption.ConclusionStudy concluded that though a lower proportion of SCD patients met the criteria for metabolic syndrome than in studies conducted in developed countries, it is crucial to consider metabolic syndrome while managing patients with SCD. Nevertheless, the authors advocate a more comprehensive study to draw significant conclusions.

Prevalence and contributing factors of metabolic syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis patients

BackgroundPromoting prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients might occur secondary to RA therapy as well as sedentary life style. However, conflicting observations have been reported on the correlation between MetS and RA. This study aimed to determine the frequency of MetS and association of its components in RA.MethodsIn this study, 500 RA patients and 500 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled. MetS was fulfilled through the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. A multivariate regression model was used to control for variables independently associated with the risk of MetS in RA patients.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS was 58.8% on IDF criteria in RA patients that was higher than controls (20.4%). Higher incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), the familial history of CVD, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), smoking, dyslipidemia, and higher levels of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), total cholesterol level, fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride (TG) level, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level, while lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were associated with an increased risk of MetS in RA patients. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that age, WC, dyslipidemia, LDL, and DAS28 were independent predictors of MetS in the RA patients.ConclusionsThe prevalence of MetS is higher in RA patients. Our findings suggest an association between cardiovascular risk factors and the increased prevalence of MetS in RA patients.

Characteristics of sialolithiasis in Israel, a big-data retrospective study of 5100 cases.

The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for sialolithiasis patients using a large community and hospital-based cohort. A retrospective case-control study was conducted on 20,396 individuals, including 5100 sialolithiasis patients and 15,296 matched controls. Demographics and laboratory data were obtained from electronic medical records. Statistical analyses were performed to identify significant differences between the two groups. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Sialolithiasis was more prevalent in women, with a mean age at diagnosis of 55.75 years. Several geographic location variables emerged as risk factors for sialolithiasis including Israeli birth, higher socioeconomic communities, and specific areas of residency. Tobacco smoking (odds ratio = 1.46) was a significant risk factor. Low high-density lipoprotein levels, elevated triglycerides, and elevated amylase levels were associated with sialolithiasis. This study provides valuable insights into the demographic and laboratory characteristics of sialolithiasis patients, indicating that area of residency and lifestyle factors contribute to the risk of developing sialolithiasis. The findings may contribute to a better understanding of the disease and the development of preventative measures or early diagnostics tools.

Abstract Tu033: CXCL5: The Next Guardian of the Galaxy to challenge Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is a persistent inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden macrophages (foam cells) in arterial walls and has been linked to several cardiovascular ailments. Despite advances in understanding its pathogenesis, the underlying mechanisms of atherogenesis, particularly regarding chemokine influence, has yet to be investigated. Our laboratory has previously identified CXCL5, a chemokine known for its involvement in inflammatory responses, as a potential mediator of atherosclerosis. We found that patients with elevated CXCL5 levels were less likely to have experienced a previous heart attack or develop coronary artery disease, suggesting that CXCL5 may be atheroprotective. To further investigate the role of CXCL5 in atherosclerosis, we conducted a study using mice on an apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout background, to promote the formation of plaque, with varying alleles (0, 1, or 2) of CXCL5. Mice were placed on a high-fat diet regimen starting at approximately 10 weeks of age and continued until 26 weeks of age. Aortas, echocardiograms, and blood plasma were obtained to assess the development of atherosclerosis and its impact on cardiac function and metabolic parameters. Our en face oil red o staining results showed that the aortas of mice lacking one (p=.0314) or both alleles (p=.0783) of CXCL5 exhibited elevated plaque formation compared to that of wild-type mice. Echocardiographic data revealed that left ventricular mass (corrected) was highest in CXCL5 knockout mice and increased significantly over time (p=.0170) in these animals. Additionally, a significant increase in heart rate (p=.0095) and glucose (p=.0274) levels was only observed in CXCL5 heterozygous mice over the 16-week period, while triglyceride levels increased in both CXCL5 heterozygous (p=.0010) and knockout (p=.0241) mice. Interestingly, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, which is often considered as "good cholesterol," increased significantly only in wild-type (p=.0031) mice, where CXCL5 was present, over the 16-week period. These findings suggest that CXCL5 may play a protective role against atherosclerosis and its associated cardiac complications. In conclusion, our study provides novel insights into the complex interplay between inflammation, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular disease, highlighting the potential therapeutic value of CXCL5 in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

Lipid profile and mortality in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism; a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a life-threatening disease. Considering the availability and accessibility of assessing the serum lipids, this study aims todefine the predictive value of lipid profile, as well as the history of lipid disorders, for the mortality of PTE patients. Clinical studies, in which the relation of lipid profile, including triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol, as well as history of imbalance of lipids, with mortality of PTE patients was reported, were included. Non-English articles, reviews, letters, editorials, and non-English papers were excluded. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Therisk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tools and CMA 4 was utilized forthe quantitative synthesis. Out of 3,724 records, six studies were included inthis systematic review. Lipid profile is suggested as a prognostic marker for survival in patients with PTE so higher initial serum HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol levels were associated with lower mortality rates in PTE patients. In addition, dyslipidemia was found to be associated withmortality of PTE patients. Based on the quantitative synthesis, there was a greater serum level of HDL in thesurvival group (standardized mean difference:-0.98; 95 %CI:-1.22 to-0.75; p-value<0.01). Mortality is lower in PTE patients with greater serum lipid levels; therefore, the early prognosis of PTE maybe ascertained by measuring serum lipids within the first 24 h of admission.

Abstract Tu030: High-density Lipoprotein Induces Arginase I Expression in M1 Macrophages

Macrophages play a central role in atherosclerosis. While M1 macrophages contribute to atherosclerosis progression, M2 macrophages are primarily associated with its regression. Increasing levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in mice with atherosclerosis have been demonstrated to cause plaque regression; however, the underlying mechanism is poorly characterized. Our objective is to examine whether HDL would ameliorate plaque formation by counteracting M1 phenotypes. Monocyte-derived macrophages were polarized into M1 (interferon-γ plus lipopolysaccharide) and M2 (interleukin-4 plus interleukin-13), followed by treatment with HDL. The phenotype changes, including gene expression and cytokine secretion, in M1 and M2 under HDL treatment were assessed. The results demonstrated that HDL induces the expression of arginase 1 (Arg1), the anti-inflammatory M2 marker facilitating tissue repair, exclusively in M1 macrophages. Reciprocal downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-α was observed, suggesting a reduction of inflammation. Interleukin-6, the downstream cytokine triggered by Arg1, was elevated upon HDL treatment. Gene expression of L-arginine transporters, SLC7A1, was dominantly expressed in M1 macrophages, but its levels were not altered by HDL. Moreover, we analyzed the concentration of L-arginine, a substrate of Arg1, in human serum and revealed a positive correlation with low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels, but no significant relation to HDL. Subcellular groups analysis in ascending aorta from mice identified that Arg1 expression was higher in normal diet-fed than in high-fat diet-fed. The present study demonstrated that HDL reduces the inflammatory phenotypes of M1 macrophages by increasing Arg1 expression, which may contribute to atherosclerosis plaque regression.

The Nonlinear Relationship Between High-Density Lipoprotein and Changes in Pulmonary Structure Function and Pulmonary Function in COPD Patients in China.

The previous findings on the correlation between spirometry and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are intriguing yet conflicting. The aim of this research is to evaluate the relationship between HDL levels and spirometry as well as imaging parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China. This study encompasses a total of 907 COPD patients. Participants with complete data from questionnaire interviews, lipid profile examinations, spirometry testing, and computed tomography (CT) scans were included in the analysis. A generalized additive model was employed to identify the non-linear relationship between HDL levels and both spirometry and imaging parameters. In the presence of non-linear correlations, segmented linear regression model was applied to ascertain threshold effects. After adjusting for various factors, we found a non-linear correlation between HDL levels and spirometry/imaging parameters, with an inflection point at 4.2 (66 mg/dL). When Ln (HDL) was below 4.2, each unit increase correlated significantly with reduced post-bronchodilator FEV1 (0.32L, 95% CI: 0.09-0.55), decreased predicted FEV1% (11.0%, 95% CI: 2.7-19.3), and lowered FEV1/FVC (8.0%, 95% CI: 4.0-12.0), along with notable increases in Ln (LAA-950) by 1.20 (95% CI: 0.60-1.79) and Ln (LAA-856) by 0.77 (95% CI: 0.37-1.17). However, no significant associations were observed when Ln (HDL) was greater than or equal to 4.2. A non-linear correlation existed between HDL levels with lung function and CT imaging in COPD patients. Prior to reaching 66 mg/dL, an elevation in HDL was significantly associated with impaired lung function, more severe gas trapping and emphysema.

Association Between Xanthelasma Palpebrarum with Cardiovascular Risk and Dyslipidemia: A Case Control Study

ObjectiveTo determine whether Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) is associated with dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other systemic conditions in a large population. DesignCase-control study conducted at a single tertiary care center. ParticipantsIndividuals who were examined at a medical screening institute from 2001 to 2020. MethodsMedical records were reviewed to extract data on ophthalmic evaluations, blood tests, and systemic diagnoses. Patients identified with XP in at least one eye comprised the study group. A control group without XP was established matched by age and sex at a 10:1 ratio to allow robust statistical analysis. Main Outcome MeasuresAssociations between XP and dyslipidemia and CVD. Lipid profiles, diagnosis of dyslipidemia and CVD were compared between the case and control groups. ResultsThe database included 35,452 individuals, 24,287 males (69%), mean age 52.2±12.2 years. The study population included 203 XP patients (0.6%) and 2030 matched controls. The prevalence of dyslipidemia diagnosis and the usage rates of statins, fibrates, or other cholesterol-lowering medications was similar between the two groups. Lipid profiles were similar between the groups, including median total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels (187 controls vs. 192 XP, 48 controls vs. 47 XP, 120 controls vs. 125 XP, 111 controls vs. 105 XP, respectively, P>0.05 for all). The rate of CVD was similar as well (10% controls vs. 8.9%, XP P=0.56). The prevalences of related conditions, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and history of cerebrovascular accident, were similar between groups (24% controls vs. 23% XP, 14% controls vs. 10% XP, 1.3% controls vs. 1% XP, respectively P>0.05). ConclusionsXP was not associated with increased rates of dyslipidemia or CVD. This questions the extent to which XP serves as an indicative marker for heightened systemic risk.Introduction