High Complementarity Research Articles

Uncovering missing glycans and unexpected fragments with pGlycoNovo for site-specific glycosylation analysis across species

Precision mapping of site-specific glycans using mass spectrometry is vital in glycoproteomics. However, the diversity of glycan compositions across species often exceeds database capacity, hindering the identification of rare glycans. Here, we introduce pGlycoNovo, a software within the pGlyco3 software environment, which employs a glycan first-based full-range Y-ion dynamic searching strategy. pGlycoNovo enables de novo identification of intact glycopeptides with rare glycans by considering all possible monosaccharide combinations, expanding the glycan search space to 16~1000 times compared to non-open search methods, while maintaining accuracy, sensitivity and speed. Reanalysis of SARS Covid-2 spike protein glycosylation data revealed 230 additional site-specific N-glycans and 30 previously unreported O-glycans. pGlycoNovo demonstrated high complementarity to six other tools and superior search speed. It enables characterization of site-specific N-glycosylation across five evolutionarily distant species, contributing to a dataset of 32,549 site-specific glycans on 4602 proteins, including 2409 site-specific rare glycans, and uncovering unexpected glycan fragments.

In-cell bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assay uncovers ceritinib and CA-074 as SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease inhibitors

Papain-like protease (PLpro) is an attractive anti-coronavirus target. The development of PLpro inhibitors, however, is hampered by the limitations of the existing PLpro assay and the scarcity of validated active compounds. We developed a novel in-cell PLpro assay based on BRET and used it to evaluate and discover SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibitors. The developed assay demonstrated remarkable sensitivity for detecting the reduction of intracellular PLpro activity while presenting high reliability and performance for inhibitor evaluation and high-throughput screening. Using this assay, three protease inhibitors were identified as novel PLpro inhibitors that are structurally disparate from those previously known. Subsequent enzymatic assays and ligand-protein interaction analysis based on molecular docking revealed that ceritinib directly inhibited PLpro, showing high geometric complementarity with the substrate-binding pocket in PLpro, whereas CA-074 methyl ester underwent intracellular hydrolysis, exposing a free carboxyhydroxyl group essential for hydrogen bonding with G266 in the BL2 groove, resulting in PLpro inhibition.

Chemical complementarity of tumor resident, T-cell receptor CDR3s and renalase-1 correlates with increased melanoma survival.

Overexpression of the secretory protein renalase-1 negatively impacts the survival of melanoma and pancreatic cancer patients, while inhibition of renalase-1 signaling drives tumor rejection by promoting T-cell activation. Thus, we investigated the chemical complementarity between melanoma-resident, T-cell receptor (TCR) complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) amino acid sequences (AAs) and the renalase-1 protein. Increasing complementarity of TCR CDR3s to renalase-1 AAs, as assessed by a chemical complementarity scoring algorithm, was associated with improved overall survival (OS) in melanoma patients. The expression levels of several immune signature genes were significantly, positively correlated with increasing TCR CDR3-renalase-1 complementarity scores. Additionally, the survival association observed with high complementarity of TCR CDR3s to renalase-1 AAs was more robust in cases with low renalase-1 gene expression levels. Mapping of TCR CDR3-renalase-1 in silico interaction sites identified major epitope candidates including RP220, the signaling module of the renalase-1 protein, consistent with the fact that a monoclonal antibody to RP220 is a potent inhibitor of melanoma growth. These findings indicate that renalase-1 is a potential antigen for TCR recognition in melanoma and could be considered as a target for immunotherapy.

Approaches to modeling interpersonal complementarity in intensive longitudinal data

Contemporary integrative interpersonal theory (CIIT) posits that successful social interactions are characterized by complementarity: correspondence in interpersonal warmth and reciprocity in interpersonal dominance. Interactions with high complementarity evoke more positive affect and less negative affect. Modeling complementarity is challenging because it requires capturing the interpersonal behavior of individuals along the two dimensions of warmth and dominance. This study compares three approaches—statistical interaction, multilevel response surface analysis, and Euclidean distance—for modeling complementarity across four datasets. The approaches varied in the consistency of findings and proportion of variance explained. Findings suggest the Euclidean approach for parsimony and theoretical coherence, whereas multilevel response surface analysis is preferable for comprehensively modeling the interplay of self and other on the interpersonal dimensions.

Integrating electro-Fenton and microalgae for the sustainable management of real food processing wastewater

The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the feasibility of a two-step process consisting of Electro-Fenton (EF) followed by microalgae to treat highly loaded real food processing wastewater along with resource recovery. In the first step, EF with a carbon felt cathode and Ti/RuO2–IrO2 anode was applied at different current densities (3.16 mA cm−2, 4.74 mA cm−2 and 6.32 mA cm−2) to decrease the amount of organic matter and turbidity and enhance biodegradability. In the second step, the EF effluents were submitted to microalgal treatment for 15 days using a mixed culture dominated by Scenedesmus sp., Chlorosarcinopsis sp., and Coelastrum sp. Results showed that current density impacted the amount of COD removed by EF, achieving the highest COD removal of 77.5% at 6.32 mA cm−2 with >95% and 74.3% of TSS and PO43− removal, respectively. With respect to microalgae, the highest COD removal of 85% was obtained by the culture in the EF effluent treated at 6.32 mA cm−2. Remarkably, not only 85% of the remaining organic matter was removed by microalgae, but also the totality of inorganic N and P compounds, as well as 65% of the Fe catalyst that was left after EF. The removal of inorganic species also demonstrates the high complementarity of both processes, since EF does not have the capacity to remove such compounds, while microalgae do not grow in the raw wastewater. Furthermore, a maximum of 0.8 g L−1 of biomass was produced after cultivation, with an accumulation of 32.2% of carbohydrates and 25.9% of lipids. The implementation of the two processes represents a promising sustainable approach for the management of industrial effluents, incorporating EF in a water and nutrient recycling system to produce biomass that could be valorized into clean fuels.

Beyond biomass production: Enhancing biodiversity while capturing carbon in short rotation coppice poplar plantations

Biodiversity is essential for the functioning of ecosystems and the provision of services. In recent years, the role of plantations in mitigating climate change through carbon sequestration has been highlighted. In the Mediterranean area, high-density poplar plantations in short-rotation with resprouting management (SRC) have been established for biomass purposes on mostly irrigated agricultural land, coexisting with rainfed and irrigated agricultural crops. This study aims to assess the contribution of these plantations to this type of agroforest ecosystem in terms of biodiversity. For this purpose, both flora and fauna diversity were evaluated both within and outside of the plantation. Additionally, the accumulated carbon in the biomass, as well as in the accompanying vegetation within the plantation, was assessed. Different indices were used to evaluate both the intrinsic diversity of the forest plantation and the degree of substitution and complementarity between the different communities of the landscape. Our findings reveal distinct biodiversity patterns in the land-use scenarios sampled. Specifically, we observed significantly higher flora-species richness in SRC plantations than in the adjacent agricultural land, whereas fauna richness showed a similar but slightly higher level in the forested area. A moderate level of complementarity between land uses was found for insects and mammals (around 45 %), contrasting with high complementarity for birds (87 %) and flora (90 %). This suggests substantial turnover and replacement among these ecological environments. Our results indicate that a second rotation (4 year) plantation could accumulate a total of 61.6 Mg C ha−1, and even though adventitious flora represents <2 % of the total carbon accumulated, its importance in providing ecosystem services is considerable. Hence, these findings evidence the fact that SRC poplar plantations can enhance biodiversity in Mediterranean agroforest ecosystems and actively contribute to various provisioning ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, reflecting a multi-objective approach that extends beyond biomass production.

A new solar-wind complementarity index: An application to the climate of Morocco

Energy complementarity is a promising approach in the realm of renewable energy systems, enabling the integration of multiple energy sources to achieve a stable and sustainable power supply. This paper presents a comprehensive solar-wind complementarity study encompassing all regions of Morocco. A novel method for assessing complementarity is introduced, utilizing a fluctuation approach that classifies the power output of each source based on the median and the standard deviation. The classifications of both solar and wind sources are then combined to establish a basis for complementary classification, categorizing each day as complementary, non-complementary, low-complementary, or concurrent for both sources. An innovative complementarity index is proposed, ranging from 0 to 1, with values closer to 1 indicating high complementarity. This index is applicable to any location and is used to generate maps illustrating solar-wind complementarity. Additionally, dominance metric is derived from this approach that indicates which source is most likely to complement the other source. The results reveal that temporal complementarity is high in the internal Northern regions reaching indices above 0.7, followed by the Northern coastal regions with indices that range between 0.6 and 0.7. The lowest complementarity occurs in the South with indices below 0.6. Additionally, the complementarity plots that displays the monthly indices reveled, for most regions, that complementarity maintains certain level except in the summer where it peaks or drops. The solar dominance is higher in the South reaching above 60 %, even though the wind potential is important in those regions. For spatial complementarity, two locations were considered and the method is applied for four scenarios: solar-wind, wind-solar, solar-solar and wind-wind. Results favor all the combinations except for the solar-solar scenario. The suggested index yields similar results to Kendall's tau correlation. The negative correlation index indicates high complementarity when positive and a low complementarity when close to −1. For this approach, it is not limited to the degree complementarity but can describe other states of complementarity and its frequency of occurrence compared to other states. This provides additional insights compared to the commonly used correlation methods. The proposed method contributes to a more profound understanding of complementarity between two energy sources.

Unlocking Trade Potential: A Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model Analysis of India-Africa Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Goods Trade

This study examines the relatively unexplored domain of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) trade between India and the African Union (AU), applying the Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model (SFGM) to measure the untapped potential and discern factors that impede trade. It points out India’s burgeoning role in global ICT trade, with the AU being an increasingly valuable market due to its digital growth and young population. The research identifies India’s significant comparative advantage in exporting telecommunication equipment, with a Revealed Comparative Advantage of 3.54, strategically enhancing its position in the global marketplace. The research notes the high trade complementarity index of 0.984 in 2021, indicating a strong synergy between India’s export capabilities and the AU’s demand, suggesting a beneficial trade relationship. It acknowledges the shift in Africa’s ICT import partners, highlighting China’s rising influence and the need for India to solidify its market share in Africa strategically. The SFGM’s application to evaluate trade efficiency, considering factors such as GDP, exchange rate, distance, tariff rate, and language, provides insightful conclusions. Positive impacts of GDP, exchange rate, and shared language on bilateral ICT trade are found to be significant. The findings emphasise the importance of strengthening trade ties for economic development and digital transformation in Africa.

Finding the perfect pairs: A matchmaking of plant markers and primers for multi-marker eDNA metabarcoding.

As the scope of plant eDNA metabarcoding diversifies, so do the primers, markers and methods. A wealth of primers exists today, but their comparative evaluation is lacking behind. Similarly, multi-marker approaches are recommended but debates persist regarding barcode complementarity and optimal combinations. After a literature compilation of used primers, we compared in silico 102 primer pairs based on amplicon size, coverage and specificity, followed by an experimental evaluation of 15 primer pairs on a mock community sample covering 268 plant species and genera, and about 100 families. The analysis was done for the four most common plant metabarcoding markers, rbcL, trnL, ITS1 and ITS2 and their complementarity was assessed based on retrieved species. By focusing on existing primers, we identify common designs, promote alternatives and enhance prior-supported primers for immediate applications. The ITS2 was the best-performing marker for flowering vascular plants and was congruent to ITS1. However, the combined taxonomic breadth of ITS2 and rbcL surpassed any other combination, highlighting their high complementarity across Streptophyta. Overall, our study underscores the significance of comprehensive primer and barcode evaluations tailored to metabarcoding applications.

Geographic distribution of feather δ34S in Europe

AbstractGeographic distribution models of environmentally stable isotopes (the so‐called “isoscapes”) are widely employed in animal ecology, and wildlife forensics and conservation. However, the application of isoscapes is limited to elements and regions for which the spatial patterns have been estimated. Here, we focused on the ubiquitous yet less commonly used stable sulfur isotopes (δ34S). To predict the European δ34S isoscape, we used 242 feather samples from Eurasian Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) formed at 69 European wetland sites. We quantified the relationships between sample δ34S and environmental covariates using a random forest regression model and applied the model to predict the geographic distribution of δ34S. We also quantified within‐site variation in δ34S and complementarity with other isotopes on both individual and isoscape levels. The predicted feather δ34S isoscape shows only slight differences between the central and southern parts of Europe while the coastal regions were most enriched in 34S. The most important covariates of δ34S were distance to coastline, surface elevation, and atmospheric concentrations of SO2 gases. The absence of a systematic spatial pattern impedes the application of the δ34S isoscape, but high complementarity with other isoscapes advocates the combination of multiple isoscapes to increase the precision of animal tracing. Feather δ34S compositions showed considerable within‐site variation with highest values in inland parts of Europe, likely attributed to wetland anaerobic conditions and redox sensitivity of sulfur. The complex European geography and topography as well as using δ34S samples from wetlands may contribute to the absence of a systematic spatial gradient of δ34S values in Europe. We thus encourage future studies to focus on the geographic distribution of δ34S using tissues from diverse taxa collected in various habitats over large land masses in the world (i.e., Africa, South America, or East Asia).

How Nutritious Are French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from the Citizen Science Experiment?

French beans are tender, immature, edible pods that are harvested early in the plant's growth cycle and are usually eaten cooked. The growth habits of French beans were studied for the first time in a Citizen Science experiment, and 19 pod samples were collected for further nutritional analysis. Various macronutrients (e.g., protein, ash, fat, carbohydrates, amino acids) and multi-element profiles were determined. A survey of their growing habits revealed that beans are usually planted once or twice a year in May and June at a length of 5-10 m, with a predominance of dwarf beans cultivation over climbing varieties, and pest resistance and stringless pods are the most important characteristics when deciding on a bean. Homogenised freeze-dried pod samples contained 16.1-23.1% protein, 4.5-8.2% ash, 0.1-1.1% fat, and 62.0-70.6% carbohydrates and had a caloric value of 337-363 kcal/100 g. Of the 17 free amino acids identified, 8 were essential (histidine, threonine, methionine, valine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine) and 9 were non-essential (cysteine, aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, arginine, alanine, proline, tyrosine); meanwhile, of the 12 elements, 5 were macroelements and 7 were microelements. The predominant free amino acids were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and serine. In the multiple comparisons (Box and Whisker plot), the parameters caloric value and iron showed the strongest response. A very strong positive significant Pearson correlation (≥0.95) was found for five pairs of variables within the free amino acids. Comparison of the nutrient data obtained in the pods showed near-perfect or high complementarity (85.2-103.4%) with the food composition databases for half of the parameters, suggesting that the home-grown French beans from the Citizen Science experiment are a highly nutritious vegetable.

Dissimilarity in root traits and spatial distribution promotes the productivity of Piper nigrum L. and tree species in mixture systems

Background and aimsClarifying why species mixtures produce greater biomass compared to monocultures is important for understanding the effect of biodiversity in natural and agricultural systems. At present, it remains unclear whether differential root traits and spatial distribution between the liana and tree species can promote productivity of mixtures. MethodsA 4-month glasshouse experiment and a 3-year field trial were conducted to examine the influence of root traits and the vertical and horizontal root distribution on productivity of independently supported liana Piper nigrum (Pn) and five other species. In the glasshouse experiment, Pn was grown in monoculture or mixed with one of five species: Coffea arabica, Areca catechu, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Camellia oleifera, and Coffea canephora. In the field trial, the Pn/Ac system and each monoculture were tested. ResultsCompared with monoculture, all Pn and mixture systems showed a positive net effect and a high complementarity effect on shoot biomass. The variation in complementarity effect was mainly associated with dissimilarity in the multidimensional root space trait and a few specific individual traits (root phosphatase activity and mycorrhizal colonization) between Pn and the neighbors. In the field, Pn in the mixture increased proportion of root length in the 20–40 cm soil layer and allocated less root length in the space shared between Pn and Ac, thus achieving spatial separation of roots and promoting the final yield. ConclusionThese findings suggest that the dissimilarity in root traits and spatial distribution may be an important mechanism for promoting the productivity of mixtures of liana and tree species.

De novo design of peptides that bind specific conformers of α-synuclein.

Insoluble amyloids rich in cross-β fibrils are observed in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Depending on the clinicopathology, the amyloids can adopt distinct supramolecular assemblies, termed conformational strains. However, rapid methods to study amyloids in a conformationally specific manner are lacking. We introduce a novel computational method for de novo design of peptides that tile the surface of α-synuclein fibrils in a conformationally specific manner. Our method begins by identifying surfaces that are unique to the conformational strain of interest, which becomes a "target backbone" for the design of a peptide binder. Next, we interrogate structures in the PDB with high geometric complementarity to the target. Then, we identify secondary structural motifs that interact with this target backbone in a favorable, highly occurring geometry. This method produces monomeric helical motifs with a favorable geometry for interaction with the strands of the underlying amyloid. Each motif is then symmetrically replicated to form a monolayer that tiles the amyloid surface. Finally, amino acid sequences of the peptide binders are computed to provide a sequence with high geometric and physicochemical complementarity to the target amyloid. This method was applied to a conformational strain of α-synuclein fibrils, resulting in a peptide with high specificity for the target relative to other amyloids formed by α-synuclein, tau, or Aβ40. This designed peptide also markedly slowed the formation of α-synuclein amyloids. Overall, this method offers a new tool for examining conformational strains of amyloid proteins.

Beyond Pattern Variance: Unsupervised 3-D Action Representation Learning With Point Cloud Sequence.

This work pays the first research effort to address unsupervised 3-D action representation learning with point cloud sequence, which is different from existing unsupervised methods that rely on 3-D skeleton information. Our proposition is built on the state-of-the-art 3-D action descriptor 3-D dynamic voxel (3DV) with contrastive learning (CL). The 3DV can compress the point cloud sequence into a compact point cloud of 3-D motion information. Spatiotemporal data augmentations are conducted on it to drive CL. However, we find that existing CL methods (e.g., SimCLR or MoCo v2) often suffer from high pattern variance toward the augmented 3DV samples from the same action instance, that is, the augmented 3DV samples are still of high feature complementarity after CL, while the complementary discriminative clues within them have not been well exploited yet. To address this, a feature augmentation adapted CL (FACL) approach is proposed, which facilitates 3-D action representation via concerning the features from all augmented 3DV samples jointly, in spirit of feature augmentation. FACL runs in a global-local way: one branch learns global feature that involves the discriminative clues from the raw and augmented 3DV samples, and the other focuses on enhancing the discriminative power of local feature learned from each augmented 3DV sample. The global and local features are fused to characterize 3-D action jointly via concatenation. To fit FACL, a series of spatiotemporal data augmentation approaches is also studied on 3DV. Wide-range experiments verify the superiority of our unsupervised learning method for 3-D action feature learning. It outperforms the state-of-the-art skeleton-based counterparts by 6.4% and 3.6% with the cross-setup and cross-subject test settings on NTU RGB + D 120, respectively. The source code is available at https://github.com/tangent-T/FACL.

Chemical Complementarity of Tumor Resident, Adaptive Immune Receptor CDR3s and Previously Defined Hepatitis C Virus Epitopes Correlates with Improved Outcomes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

To better understand how adaptive immune receptors (IRs) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) microenvironments are related to disease outcomes, we employed a chemical complementarity scoring algorithm to quantify electrostatic complementarity between HCC tumor TRB or IGH complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) amino acid (AA) sequences and previously characterized hepatitis C virus (HCV) epitopes. High electrostatic complementarity between HCC-resident CDR3s and 12 HCV epitopes was associated with greater survival probabilities, as indicated by two distinct HCC IR CDR3 datasets. Two of the HCV epitopes, HCV*71871 (TRB) and HCV*13458 (IGH), were also determined to represent significantly larger electrostatic CDR3-HCV epitope complementarity in HCV-positive HCC cases, compared with HCV-negative HCC cases, with the CDR3s representing yet a third, independent HCC dataset. Overall, the results indicated the utility of CDR3 AA sequences as biomarkers for HCC patient stratification and as potential guides for the development of therapeutic reagents.

Amphibians and reptiles of the Sierra Gorda de Querétaro Biosphere Reserve, Mexico: species richness, conservation status and comparison with other natural protected areas in central Mexico

The Sierra Gorda de Querétaro Biosphere Reserve (SGQBR) is one of the largest natural protected areas in Mexico; however, little is known about the richness and diversity of amphibians and reptiles. We present an updated list of species of both groups, the conservation status of these species, as well as an analysis of their diversity with respect to other protected natural areas (NPAs) in central Mexico. The SGQBR contains 132 herpetofauna species (35 amphibians and 97 reptiles). The richest and most diverse families for amphibians were Hylidae (anurans) and Plethodontidae (caudates), and for reptiles Phrynosomatidae (lizards), Colubridae and Dipsadidae (snakes). The values of taxonomic diversity of the SGQBR were similar to those for the regional pool considering others NPAs. However, it did not achieve the highest values compared to the adjacent Los Mármoles National Park or Sierra Gorda de Guanajuato Biosphere Reserve. There was a high complementarity in the species composition between El Chico National Park and SGQBR for both herpetofauna groups. Although a formal list is presented, it is necessary to carry out a greater number of studies focused on analyzing diversity, considering functional attributes of the species and the richness by vegetation types.

Integrated Protein Solubility Shift Assays for Comprehensive Drug Target Identification on a Proteome-Wide Scale.

Target proteins are often stabilized after binding with a ligand and thereby typically become more resistant to denaturation. Based on this phenomenon, several methods without the need to covalently modify the ligand have been developed to identify target proteins for a specific ligand. These methods usually employ complicated workflows with high cost and limited throughput. Here, we develop an iso-pH shift assay (ipHSA) method, a proteome-wide target identification method that detects ligand-induced protein solubility shifts by precipitating proteins with a single concentration of acidic agent followed by protein quantification via data-independent acquisition (DIA). Using a pan-kinase inhibitor, staurosporine, we demonstrated that ipHSA increased throughput compared to the previously developed pH-dependent protein precipitation (pHDPP) method. ipHSA was found to have high complementarity in staurosporine target identification compared with the improved isothermal shift assay (iTSA) and isosolvent shift assay (iSSA) using DIA instead of tandem mass tags (TMTs) for quantification. To further improve target identification sensitivity, we developed an integrated protein solubility shift assay (IPSSA) by pooling the supernatants yielded from ipHSA, iTSA, and iSSA methods. IPSSA exhibited increased sensitivity in screening staurosporine targets by 38, 29, and 38% compared to individual methods. Increasing the number of replicate experiments further enhanced the sensitivity of target identification. Meanwhile, IPSSA also improved the throughput and reduced the cost compared with previous methods. As a fast and efficient tool for drug target identification, IPSSA is expected to have broad applications in the study of the mechanism of action.

TRB CDR3 chemical complementarity with HBV epitopes correlates with increased hepatocellular carcinoma, disease-free survival.

The liver is a site of immune privilege, compared with the bladder and skin, for example. To study this attenuation of the immune response in the cancer setting, we compared quantities and features of adaptive immune receptor (IR) recombination reads obtained from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and six other cancers. Of these cancers, HCC had the lowest numbers of IR recombination reads and was the only cancer with a greater number immunoglobulin rather than T-cell receptor recombination reads. To better understand the role of adaptive IRs obtained from the tumor microenvironment in shaping the outcome of HCC cases, we quantified the chemical complementarity between HCC tumor TRB and IGH complementarity determining region-3 (CDR3) amino acid (AA) sequences, and known hepatitis B virus (HBV) epitopes. High chemical complementarity between HCC-resident CDR3s and three HBV epitopes correlated with increased survival probabilities, for two sources of CDR3s representing different CDR3 recovery algorithms. These results suggest the potential of CDR3 AA sequences as biomarkers for HCC patient stratification and as guides for future development of therapeutics.

Information scanning in the COVID-19 pandemic: a test and expansion of the channel complementarity theory using latent class analysis

ABSTRACT Background During health crisis, individuals need information to comprehend their circumstances. Channel complementarity theory posits that in meeting their informational needs, people will use different sources in a complementary fashion. This paper puts to test the main tenet of channel complementarity theory by focusing on information scanning (i.e. routine health information exposure) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. Method A survey was conducted among a sample of Chilean adults (N = 2,805). The questionnaire addressed information scanning across six sources (television, radio, internet, social media, family, and friends or coworkers) and explores how socioeconomic and demographic variables, as well as COVID-19 perceived risk related to scanning. Latent class analysis was employed to identify patterns of complementarity across channels. Results The analysis yielded a solution of five classes, namely ‘high complementarity and high frequency’ (21%), ‘high complementarity and low frequency’ (34%), ‘high frequency on television and digital media’ (19%), ‘mass media predominant’ (11%), and 'no scanning’ (15%). Educational attainment, age, and COVID-19 perceived risk were associated with scanning. Conclusions Television was a central channel for information scanning during the pandemic in Chile and more than half of participants scanned COVID-19 information complementarily. Our findings expand channel complementarity theory to information scanning in a non-US context and provide guidelines for designing communication interventions aiming at informing individuals during a global health crisis.

Epoxy Adhesives with Reversible Hardeners: Controllable Thermal Debonding in Bulk and at Interfaces.

On-demand adhesive dismantling has the potential to improve multi-material product recycling, but its implementation has been hampered by a critical trade-off between strong bonding and easy debonding. As a result, the temperature range in which these temporary adhesives can be used is relatively limited. Here, wereport a new class of dynamic epoxy resins that significantly extends this upper temperature limit and still achieves fast debonding. Specifically, two types of dynamic polyamidoamine curing agents for epoxy hardening weredeveloped, being polysuccinamides (PSA) and polyglutaramides (PGA). As the dynamic debonding/rebonding process of PSA and especially PGA linkages is more thermally demanding and at the same time more thermally robust than previously reported dynamic covalent systems, the resulting materials can be triggered at high temperatures, and at the same time remain bonded over a wide temperature range. The versatility of the PSA and PGA dynamic adhesive curing system wasdemonstrated in classical bulk adhesive formulations, as well as in dynamic covalent linking to a PSA- or PGA-functionalised surface. As a result, an attractive drop-in strategy wasachieved for producing debondable and rebondable epoxy adhesives, with high complementarity to existing adhesive resin technologies and applicable in an industrially relevant temperature window. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.