High Concentration Of Chloride Ions Research Articles

ADP-ribosyltransferase-specific Modification of Human Neutrophil Peptide-1

Epithelial cells lining human airways and cells recruited to airways participate in the innate immune response in part by releasing human neutrophil peptides (HNP). Arginine-specific ADP-ribosyltransferases (ART) on the surface of these cells can catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD to proteins. We reported that ART1, a mammalian ADP-ribosyltransferase, present in epithelial cells lining the human airway, modified HNP-1, altering its function. ADP-ribosylated HNP-1 was identified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or a history of smoking (and having two common polymorphic forms of ART1 that differ in activity), but not in normal volunteers or patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Modified HNP-1 was not found in the sputum of cystic fibrosis patients or in leukocyte granules of normal volunteers. The finding of ADP-ribosyl-HNP-1 in BALF but not in leukocyte granules suggests that the modification occurred in the airway. Most of the HNP-1 in the BALF from individuals with a history of smoking was, in fact, mono- or di-ADP-ribosylated. ART1 synthesized in Escherichia coli, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored ART1 released with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from transfected NMU cells, or ART1 expressed endogenously on C2C12 myotubes modified arginine 14 on HNP-1 with a secondary site on arginine 24. ADP-ribosylation of HNP-1 by ART1 was substantially greater than that by ART3, ART4, ART5, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme S, or cholera toxin A subunit. Mouse ART2, which is an NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase, was able to modify HNP-1, but to a lesser extent than ART1. Although HNP-1 was not modified to a significant degree by ART5, it inhibited ART5 as well as ART1 activities. Human beta-defensin-1 (HBD1) was a poor transferase substrate. Reduction of the cysteine-rich defensins enhanced their ability to serve as ADP-ribose acceptors. We conclude that ADP-ribosylation of HNP-1 appears to be primarily an activity of ART1 and occurs in inflammatory conditions and disease.

Kinetics of Ozonation of 2-Mercaptothiazoline in an Electroplating Solution Combined with UV Radiation

The enhanced ozonation of 2-mercaptothiazoline (2-MT) with ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the acid-based electroplating solution of the printed wiring board industry was studied. The substrate prescription of the electroplating solution is with high concentrations of copper sulfate, sulfuric acid, and chloride ions. Note that the contribution of the present work includes investigation of the effect of UV radiation and construction of the refined model for the O3/UV treatment of 2-MT. The catalysis of UV radiation is found to be significant for the enhancement of the mineralization rate in the ozonation of 2-MT. Furthermore, the multistep reaction kinetics has been proposed to describe the concentration variations of 2-MT, total organic carbons, dissolved ozone, and off-gas ozone in the course of ozonation. This comprehensive kinetics for the ozonation of 2-MT combined with UV radiation is developed in association with the previous study of the sole ozonation of 2-MT in the electroplating solution. The enhancement factor of the gas−liquid mass transfer of ozone is simultaneously considered by the ozonation model. The obtained results can provide useful information for modeling the removal of additives such as 2-MT in the electroplating solution of the printed wiring board industry by the ozonation with 254-nm UV light radiation.

Acute toxicity of nitrite on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at different external chloride concentrations

Tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles (total length 4.9 +/- 0.2 cm and weight 1.8 +/- 0.2 g) were exposed to several nitrite concentrations (0, 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg l(-1)) for 96 h, using a semi-static renewal method at chloride levels of 35.0 and 70.0 mg l(-1). At the end of the 96-h period, the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of nitrite was 28.18 mg l(-1) in water with low chloride content (35.0 mg l(-1)) and 44.67 mg l(-1) with high chloride content (70.0 mg l(-1), respectively). It indicated that high concentrations of chloride ions could reduce the toxicity of nitrite. During the toxicity experiments, the behaviour and clinical signs of tilapias were also observed. Furthermore, the test of toxic mechanism was designed taking five test concentrations, viz., 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg l(-1) and a nitrite-free control. Nitrite exposure produced high levels of methaemoglobin (MHb) but did not seem to cause mortality, as surviving tilapias showed high levels (85.37 +/- 2.23 and 53.82 +/- 3.44 at 35.0 and 70.0 mg l(-1) chloride, respectively). The percentage of MHb exposed to nitrite was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the control (0 mg l(-1) nitrite) and increased with the increasing nitrite concentration. However, the percentage of MHb decreased with the increasing chloride concentration.

Study of the Susceptibility of Oxygen-Free Phosphorous Doped Copper to Corrosion in Simulated Groundwater in the Presence of Chloride and Sulfide

AbstractCopper of the quality oxygen free and high conductivity, doped with phosphorus (Cu OFP) has been chosen as the material for the fabrication of high level nuclear waste containers in Sweden. This material will be the corrosion barrier for spent fuel in the environment of a deep geological repository. It is planned that the service life of this container will be 100,000 years. During this time water with high concentration of chloride ions might come in contact with the copper surface. If pH conditions are appropriate, this might cause pitting corrosion. This work reports a study of the susceptibility of Cu OFP to corrosion when chloride ions are present, both deionized water (DW) and in standard synthetic underground water (SUW). The techniques used were electrochemical methods such as corrosion potential evolution and Tafel curves. In addition, this system was studied with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). We also used characterization techniques such as Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Energy Disperse Spectroscopy (EDS) . The main conclusions are that copper is more susceptible to corrosion at high chloride ion concentration. Additionally, when the chloride concentration is low, it is possible to form copper chloride crystals, but at the highest concentration, copper chloride complexes are formed, leaving the copper surface without deposits. When the chloride concentration is low (&lt;0.1 M) the corrosion process is mainly controlled by diffusion, while at higher concentrations (0.1M to 1M) corrosion is controlled by transport processes. At low concentration of sulfide ( &lt;3*10-5M), copper corrosion in the presence of chloride is controlled by diffusional processes.

Simultaneous Analysis of Nitrite and Nitrate in Whole Blood by Ion Chromatography

A simple and modern method for simultaneous analysis of nitrite and nitrate in whole blood has been devised by ion chromatography with an autosuppressor and a conductivity detector. To our knowledge, this is the first report for such analysis dealing with whole blood as a specimen. A 1 mL volume of whole blood was mixed with 2 mL of Milli Q water, vortex‐mixed for hemolysis, and ultrafiltered to obtain a clear extract solution. It was passed through double connected mini-cartridges of silver resin and a silver absorbing material to remove a high concentration of chloride ion usually present in whole blood. An aliquot of the filtrate was analyzed on a Dionex DX‐500 instrument with a microbore IonPac® AS9‐HC column (2×250 mm). The present method gave very low backgrounds for blank whole blood at locations where nitrite should appear, and around the endogenous peak of nitrate. The spiked nitrite markedly decreased in whole blood, probably by the action of hemoglobin in vitro; it was only 10–20% 2 h after the addition. Therefore, quantitative validation had to be made only for nitrate. The recoveries of nitrate from whole blood were more than 90%; the linearity was confirmed in the range of 5–100 µg mL−1 for whole blood. Detection limit of nitrate in whole blood was about 0.5 µg mL−1. Coefficients of intra‐ and inter‐day variations were 3.66–7.14%. Using the present method, nitrite and nitrate concentrations were measured for human blood specimens after sniffing isobutyl nitrite gas in two male subjects. The endogenous nitrate concentrations without such sniffing were 1.27 to 7.60 µg mL−1 for seven subjects.

Removal of Copper(II) from Aqueous Solutions by Chitosan Adsorption

An investigation on the use of chitosan for the removal of copper from aqueous solutions has been carried out. Both kinetic data and equilibrium isotherms were obtained. The effects of contact time, initial copper concentration, background electrolyte, and pH on the uptake capacity of copper were studied. Initial copper concentration and pH were found to have the greatest effects on uptake. The copper uptake of chitosan was quantitatively evaluated using sorption isotherms. Results indicated a capacity of 1.8–2.2 mmol/g of dry mass. The capacity increases when solutions contain high concentrations of chloride ions. The variation of pH leads to competition between coordination of copper with chitosan with the optimal range being 5.4 to 6.0.

Artemia salina as test organism for assessment of acute toxicity of leachate water from landfills

Artemia salina has, for the first time, been used as test organism for acute toxicity of leachate water from three landfills (the municipal landfills at Kristianstad, Sweden and Siauliai, Lithuania, and an industrial landfill at Stena fragmenting AB, Halmstad, as well as for leachate from Kristianstad treated in different ways in a pilot plan). Artemia can tolerate the high concentrations of chloride ions found in such waters. Large differences in toxicities were found, the leachate from Siauliai being the most toxic one. To increase the selectivity in the measurements, a fractionation was done by using ion exchange to separate ammonium/ammonia and metal ions from the leachate, and activated carbon adsorbents for organic pollutants. The influence of some metals and phenol compounds on the toxicity was investigated separately. It was found that most of the toxicity emanated from the ammonium/ammonia components in the leachate. However, there was also a significant contribution n from organic pollutants, other than phenol compounds, since separate experiments had in this latter case indicated negligible impact. The concentrations of metals were at a level, shown by separate experiments, where only small contribution to the toxicity could be expected.

Effect of chloride ions on the oxidation of aniline by Fenton's reagent

The objective of this study was to experimentally probe the mechanism of chloride ions specifically affecting aniline oxidation by Fenton's reagent. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of pH, Fe 2+, H 2O 2 and chloride concentration on the oxidation reaction. Results show that the inhibition caused by chloride ions can be overcome by extending the reaction time if the concentration of chloride ions is low. At a high concentration of chloride ions, however, the oxidation of aniline was inhibited, and actually ceased due to the complexation of Fe–Cl. In this study, the chloride ion concentration was kept at 0.2 M in the experiments when studying the effect of ferrous ion concentration on the Fenton reaction. If the ratio of [Cl −]/[Fe 2+] was ≤200, the inhibition effect was very significant. In other words, adding more ferrous ions rather than hydrogen peroxide can break the inhibition originating from the chloride ions at an initial stage of pH 3. The inhibition effect of chloride ions on the aniline reaction depended on the reaction pH; the extent of inhibition decreased with increasing the initial pH as long as the pH was less than 5. Consequently, the inhibition effect by chloride ions was primarily due to the complexation of iron species and chloride ions. The influence of chloride ions on aniline oxidation due to the competition of hydroxyl radicals was not significant.

Ozonation of Wastewater Containing High Concentration of Chloride Ions: By-production of Chlorinated Organic Compounds and Its Inhibition Method

The behavior of hypochlorite ions and chlorinated organic compounds was investigated using model wastewaters to confirm the by-production of chlorinated organic compounds during the ozonation of wastewater which contains a high concentration of chloride ions such as leachate. An inhibition method for by-production of the chlorinated organic compounds was also studied. A hydrogen peroxide addition method was selected because it was expected to reduce the concentration of both dissolved ozone and hypochlorite ions. The following results were observed. (1) The concentration of the hypochlorite ions by-produced in the effluent increased with the increase of the chloride ion concentration in the influent and the ozone gas addition rate. The hypochlorite ion concentration increased in proportion to the value of t[O3][Cl–]. (2) Inhibition of the hypochlorite ions by-produced during ozonation was achieved by dosing hydrogen peroxide. This effect was caused by the decreased generation rate that resulted from the decreased concentration of dissolved ozone. The disappearance reaction of hypochlorite ions had almost no effect. (3) The concentration of chlorinated organic compounds by-produced in the effluent increased with the increased concentration of chloride ions. Considering the increased concentration of hypochlorite ions and the decreased concentration of dissolved ozone which is resulted from the increased concentration of chloride ions in the influent, by-production of chlorinated organic compounds was caused by the reaction of the hypochlorite ions and organic carbon in the influent. (4) A reduction rate of 61–69% for the chlorinated organic compound concentration in the effluent was obtained by dosing hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide inhibited by-production of chlorinated organic compounds. This was caused by the decreased concentration of dissolved ozone which leads to by-production of hypochlorite ions and chlorinated organic compounds. Such a decrease was also observed in UV/O3 combined treatment. These results indicate that, considering the behavior of chlorinated organic compounds, ozonation of wastewaters containing a high concentration of chloride ions such as leachate should be done with hydrogen peroxide dosage.

Determination of monovalent inorganic anions in high-ionic-strength samples by electrostatic ion chromatography with suppressed conductometric detection

A new ion chromatographic (IC) system has been established by using micelles of 3-( N, N-dimethylmyristylammonio)propanesulfonate (Zwittergent 3–14) loaded onto a reversed-phase packed column as the separation column with an electronic rotary switching valve packed-bed suppressor for conductometric detection of inorganic anions. An aqueous H 3BO 3–Na 2B 4O 7 solution has been demonstrated to be the most desirable eluent for this IC system. The relationship between retention time and the concentration of the borate eluent was determined for a series of model anionic analytes and this relationship was found to be opposite to that exhibited in a conventional anion-exchange IC system. The rapid elution and complete separation of monovalent inorganic anions were obtained by initially using a high-concentration borate solution as the eluent for a short-period, and then switching to a lower-concentration borate eluent to complete the separation. Detection limits for nitrite, bromide, nitrate, and chlorate were 0.85, 0.88, 0.95 and 4.8 μM, respectively, when a 7.0 mM Na 2B 4O 7 eluent was used. Moreover, the ability to directly detect these monovalent anions in samples containing high concentrations of sulfate and/or chloride ions provided a major advantage of this approach.

The influence of chloride and sulphate ions on the slaking rate of lime derived from different limestone deposits in South Africa

This paper describes an investigation into the influence of chloride and sulphate ions on the slaking of lime prepared from limestones of different geological origin in South Africa. It was endeavoured to assess the effects of the presence of chloride and sulphate ions on the hydration rate of lime, compared to its slaking in pure water. It was found that the rate of hydration is slightly retarded in the presence of a high concentration of chloride ions, while sulphate ions retard the slaking of lime significantly. This investigation indicated that impurities present in the original limestone, as well as those commonly found in water used for slaking purposes, may exert an influence on the hydration behaviour of lime. WaterSA Vol.28(1) 2002: 45-48

Historical transition of eco-structure in a tidal flat caused by expansion of sewerage treatment area.

An artificial tidal flat was prepared for the mitigation tool on coastal environment. However, it is considered that most of the flat was not restored to the sufficient amenities for aquatic living things, migratory birds, etc. because none of the ecological mechanisms were understood or planned for. It is therefore investigated in this paper that historical transition factors in ecosystem structure are selected and traced with the diffusion of a public sewerage system, and with environmental factors such as water quality, sediment condition, and aquatic producers in the Yatsu Tidal Flat. As a result, it can be defined that the tidal flat, just like a lagoon, was formed artificially with reclamation and development of its circumference at the first step of transition; the water quality and sediment condition gradually became brackish water and muddy sediment conditions, interactively. The ecosystem pyramid forming orderly layers according to trophic level appeared as a high-bio-production potential in its tidal flat. In the second step, i.e., in recent years, the characteristics of water quality and sediment conditions evolved into a foreshore tidal flat, namely, conditions in the flat observed were that the progression of water included a high concentration of chloride ion as seawater and sediment conditions became sandy. Because of that, the inflowing fresh water and organic mater from the land area decreased with the improvement of the public sewerage system. The ecosystem pyramid was distorted into a chaos pyramid, with inversion of Ulva spp.

Nonenzymatic glucose detection using multi-walled carbon nanotube electrodes

The electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose in alkaline medium directly at well-aligned multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) electrodes has been investigated in the present study. Compared to glassy carbon electrode, a substantial (+400 mV) decrease in the overvoltage of the glucose oxidation reaction was observed at MWNTs electrodes with oxidation starting at ca. +0.10 V (vs. 3 M KCl–Ag|AgCl). The electrocatalytic effect is mainly attributed to carbon nanotubes with possible minor contributions from the Co catalysts present on the Ta substrate. At an applied potential of +0.20 V, MWNTs electrodes give a high and reproducible sensitivity of 4.36 μA cm −2 mM −1 in the presence of high concentration of chloride ion. The well-aligned MWNTs electrode thus allows highly sensitive, low-potential, stable, and fast amperometric sensing of glucose, promising for the development of nonenzymatic glucose sensors.

Nonenzymatic glucose detection using mesoporous platinum.

Roughness of nanoscopic dimensions can be used to selectively enhance the faradaic current of a sluggish reaction. Using this principle, we constructed mesoporous structures on the surfaces of pure platinum electrodes responding even more sensitively to glucose than to common interfering species, such as L-ascorbic acid and 4-acetamidophenol. Good sensitivities, as high as 9.6 microA cm(-2) mM(-1), were reproducibly observed in the presence of high concentration of chloride ion. The selectivities, sensitivities, and stabilities determined experimentally have demonstrated the potential of mesoporous platinum as a novel candidate for nonenzymatic glucose sensors.

The influence of niobium and vanadium on passivity of titanium-based implants in physiological solution

Surface films play a key role in corrosion and osteointegration processes of titanium-based orthopedic implants. The influence of niobium and vanadium as alloying elements on titanium alloy passivity have been investigated in Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), at 37°C and pH 6.9. Ti6Al4V and Ti6Al6Nb have been considered. The excellent passivating properties of the anodically formed Ti(IV)-based surface oxide film and high corrosion resistance of the Ti6Al6Nb alloy have been attributed to the stabilizing effect of Nb 5+ cations on the passive film, by annihilation of stoichiometric defects (anion vacancies) caused by the presence of titanium suboxides. Localized corrosion sensitivity of the Ti6Al4V alloy has been correlated to the dissolution of vanadium at the surface film/electrolyte interface coupled with generation of cation vacancies and their diffusion through the film as a part of the solid-state diffusion process. The presence of a high concentration of chloride ions (0.15 g l −1) in HBSS further accelerates these processes.

A copper connection to the uptake of platinum anticancer drugs.

Cisplatin [ cis -diamminedichloroplatinum (II)] is a highly active anticancer agent. This agent is curative against most testicular cancers and is highly active against a wide range of other tumor types, notably ovarian, bladder carcinoma, and non-small-cell lung cancer (1). Treatment failure is frequently caused by the development of resistance to cisplatin. Although the insensitive tumors generally exhibit only low-level resistance, the use of cisplatin at close to its maximally tolerated dose implies that the developed resistance eliminates cisplatin as an active compound. Resistance to cisplatin has been widely studied in a variety of models and in clinical samples, but it has been difficult to identify the molecular changes leading to drug resistance. Ishida et al. (2) report in this issue of PNAS the identification of an important pathway for uptake of cisplatin into yeast and mammalian cells, uptake mediated by a high-affinity copper transporter. The action of cisplatin in cell killing is now well established (3). In serum, the high concentration of chloride ions enhances cisplatin stability. The lower chloride concentration in cells favors rapid hydrolysis of the chloride ligands of cisplatin, leading to an activated molecule that is capable of reacting bifunctionally. Although cisplatin can react with a variety of cellular macromolecules, there is strong evidence that the most important target is DNA (3, 4). An important line of evidence that DNA is an essential target of cisplatin is the observation that bacterial and yeast mutants that are defective in various DNA-repair pathways are also hypersensitive to cisplatin. Cisplatin can form both intrastrand and interstrand DNA crosslinks, with intrastrand purine:purine representing the majority of the adducts. Figure a Cisplatin structure courtesy of Mitch Miller (NetGenics, Cleveland). As is the case with other anticancer agents, reduced accumulation of cisplatin is frequently observed in cisplatin-resistant cell lines. Although drug efflux has …

Variations in environmental factors and their effects on biological characteristics of meromictic Lake Abashiri

To clarify the variations in environmental factors and biological characteristics of eutrophic, brackish, meromictic Lake Abashiri, Japan, we studied long-term variations in concentrations of chloride and nutrients in lake water and characteristics of their supply. This lake has an anoxic layer containing much chloride, nutrients, and sulfide. Although a dense Anabaena bloom appeared in the lake every summer before 1986, the bloom did not appear after upwelling from the bottom layer (a blue tide) occurred in spring 1987. A dense layer of photosynthetic bacteria (Chlorobium sp.) formed at the top of the anoxic layer from 1989 to May 1992. The concentrations of nutrients and chloride in the oxygenic layer were determined by the balance between nutrients from influent rivers, including dissolved inorganic nitrogen, and matter supplied from the anoxic layer, including chloride and dissolved inorganic phosphorus. These influences controlled the dominant phytoplankton species and their biomass. The appearance of an Anabaena bloom in Lake Abashiri is promoted by nitrogen limitation caused by decreased loading from influent rivers and/or by a stable supply of phosphorus from the anoxic layer (no formation of photosynthetic bacterial layer and small upwelling), but the appearance is inhibited by a high chloride ion concentration with large upwelling. The main reason for the formation of a photosynthetic bacterial layer from 1989 to May 1992 was that sunlight reached the top of the anoxic layer because of the increase in transparency due to inhibition of the Anabaena bloom with upwelling. The dense layer of photosynthetic bacteria blocked nutrient diffusion from the anoxic layer to the oxygenic layer by uptake, and decreased the biomass of phytoplankton in the oxygenic layer.

Genetic interaction between calcineurin and type 2 myosin and their involvement in the regulation of cytokinesis and chloride ion homeostasis in fission yeast.

Calcineurin plays a critical role in Ca(2+) signaling in various cell types. In fission yeast, calcineurin is required for cytokinesis and chloride ion homeostasis. However, most of its physiological functions remain obscure. A genetic screen was performed to identify genes that share an essential function with calcineurin. We screened for mutations that confer sensitivity to the calcineurin inhibitor FK506 and to a high concentration of chloride ion and isolated a mutant, cis2-1/myp2-c2, which contains a novel allele of the myp2(+)/myo3(+) gene that encodes a type 2 myosin heavy chain. The myp2-c2 mutant showed morphological defects similar to those associated with a calcineurin deletion mutant, such as multiseptated and branched cells. Consistently, myp2-null cells were hypersensitive to chloride ion and showed the multiseptated phenotype in the presence of immunosuppressants or at high chloride concentrations. Overexpression of constitutively active calcineurin suppressed the chloride ion-sensitive growth defect and cytokinesis abnormality of the myp2-c2 mutant and myp2-null cells. Interestingly, the essential myosin light chain mutant cdc4-8 failed to grow and could not form a normal contractile ring in the presence of immunosuppressants. Furthermore, calcineurin-null cells exhibited aberrant contractile rings, suggesting impaired contraction of the rings. These results indicate that calcineurin is involved in the regulation of cytokinesis and that chloride ion homeostasis is mediated by type 2 myosin.

The Maturation of Airway Structure and Function

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Explain the physiologic reasons that immature infants are at a greater risk of mechanical ventilation-induced airway damage than are more mature infants. 2. Describe the age-related differences in airway function during perinatal development. 3. Delineate how differential expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy-chain isoforms affects airway smooth muscle physiology and airway mechanics. 4. Explain how expression of smooth muscle proteins contributes to the functional maturation of airway smooth muscle. Airway formation is one of the earliest events in the development of the respiratory system. However, continued maturation of the airway continues well into postnatal life. With advances in the medical care of increasingly preterm infants, an understanding of developmental airway physiology becomes imperative. This article reviews maturation of the airway and its components as well as their contributions to airway function during development. Airway development in the human begins during the fourth week of gestation when the respiratory diverticulum, or lung bud, branches from the embryonic foregut. The esophagotracheal septum forms and separates the foregut into the esophagus dorsally and the trachea ventrally. Thus, the developing airway is of foregut endodermal origin. Elongation of the respiratory diverticulum forms the trachea; branching forms the main stem bronchi. Growth and elongation continues in the caudal direction under the influence of airway secretions and physical forces. By the end of the 16th week of gestation, branching of the conducting airways is complete. The airway matures initially in the trachea and proceeds distally. Tracheal cartilage begins to form during the seventh week of gestation. Maturation of the distal airway cartilage is not complete until after birth. Epithelial differentiation begins in the trachea during the 10th week of gestation. Together with phasic contractions of the fetal airway smooth muscle, which are present following the 23rd gestational week, lung fluid …

Evaluation of the suitability of groundwater quality for reverse osmosis desalination

In this study the suitability of brackish ground water quality for reverse osmosis (RO) desalination is evaluated. The results of initial laboratory and field analysis of 41 production wells were used to determine the hydrochemical properties of groundwater for both the Dammam limestone aquifer and the clastic Kuwait Group aquifer in the southwestern part of the State of Kuwait. The core samples of these wells were collected and analyzed in order to determine the hydrogeological properties of the same aquifers in the Umm Gudair area. Hydrochemical data of these aquifers were analyzed to help describe relations between hydrochemically distinct bodies of water and elucidate links between hydrochemical data and hydrogeological parameters. During this study, the Expanded Durov diagram was simplified and linked with the Sulin classification method in order to give more interpretation values. The results show that the aquifer materials influence the quality of ground water in each aquifer. The Kuwait Group aquifer water is characterized by ClMg and ClCa genetic water types with an average TDS of 4008 mg/l and belongs to the chloride water type. The Dammam limestone aquifer water characterized by the NaSO 4 and ClMg genetic type with an average TDS of 3480 mg/l belongs to the sulphate type. Both aquifers contain suitable water for RO desalination since they have a high concentration of chloride and monovalent ions, which reduces the requirements of antiscalant additives.