A multifunctional hierarchical metal-organic aerogel monolithic catalyst with secondary hollow-structure for the oxidation-condensation tandem reaction.

Self-reinforcing photocatalytic decomplexation of heavy metal complexes and in-situ metal recovery via a BN/C3N4 S-scheme heterojunction.

The precise engineering of core-shell or hollow metallic nanoarchitectures has become a central pursuit in fundamental research and advanced technologies. Among the available synthetic methods, galvanic replacement reaction (GRR) holds immense potential for engineering the composition/structure tunable nanomaterials, yet conventional solid templates impose fixed geometry, and limited reactivity, restricting both versatility and functional tunability. The emergence of liquid metal (LM) with highly reactive, fluidic, dynamic, and reconfigurable attributes offers a transformative alternative to conventional GRR. By establishing a liquid-liquid interface, LM enables the deposition of metals previously inaccessible with solid templates, while simultaneously creating a significantly milder synthetic paradigm. This review is dedicated to extracting the unique features of LM-enabled GRR (LM-GRR) to highlight a powerful and facile materials-synthesis route for diverse application scenarios. The fundamentals and mechanisms of the LM-GRR will be first introduced, followed by a detailed explanation of the uniqueness and overall programmability in terms of composition, structure, processable template, and interfacial characteristics. Representative reaction systems are systematically surveyed to illustrate their specificity and chemical versatility. Finally, we discuss functional metal materials obtained via LM-GRR for use in high-performance catalysis, flexible electronics, biomedicine, biosensing, and electromagnetic shielding areas, and conclude with perspectives on future directions.

An effective heterogeneous catalyst for the depolymerization of poly(ε-caprolactone) into ε-caprolactone was demonstrated using a tailored SnO catalyst. The yield of ε-caprolactone reached up to 94% under mild conditions. The catalyst also exhibited excellent durability and scalability. The high catalytic performance was attributed to the formation of SnO nanoparticles generated by calcination, which provided increased surface area and accessible Sn2+ sites.

Enhancing solar-driven biological hydrogen production through a copper-based MXene-polypyrrole and Escherichia coli-integrated semiartificial photosynthetic system.

Cobalt-doped red mud composite as a porous catalyst for activating peroxymonosulfate to degrade methylene blue.

Synergistic modulation of oxidation state of Pt nanozymes via Pd doping and ZIF-67 support enhances the catalytic efficiency for immunoassay detection.

Sustainable electroless deposition of noble metal nanoparticles on biomass-derived carbon for high-performance catalysis

ABSTRACT To enhance charge carrier separation and migration efficiency during photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, thereby improving overall photocatalytic performance, a Z‐Scheme heterojunction of Ti‐Ni bimetallic MOF/Ultrathin g‐C 3 N 4 was prepared via high‐temperature annealing method. As a photocatalyst, the composite was applied in the hydrogen evolution. The hydrogen production yield reached 21.42 mmol·g −1 within 6 h upon exposure to simulated sunlight, the average hydrogen evolution was measured as about 3.75 mmol h −1 g −1 , which was 2.63‐fold enhancement over that of PCN. The hydrogen generation rate of the heterojunction maintained well within a 4‐cycle test, the average H 2 evolution was more than 3.60 mmol h −1 g −1 . The prepared heterojunction exhibits high catalytic performance and good stability in the domain of photocatalysis of H 2 generation, which provide a novel alternative for subsequent investigations into solar‐driven hydrogen evolution.

A high-entropy sulfide (NiFeCoCrZr)S/C is synthesized via carbothermal shock, which exhibits high oxygen evolution reaction catalytic performance with a low overpotential of 271 mV to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm-2 and low potential degradation rate of 94 µV h-1 over 300 h of testing, showcasing the promise of high-entropy materials for water electrolysis anodes.

Oxido-molybdenum(V) corrole complexes, Mo(O)DMPC (Mo-1) and Mo(O)DMPCBr14 (Mo-2), were synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. The oxidation state of molybdenum(V) in Mo-1 and Mo-2 was confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, revealing an axial compression with a dxy1 configuration. These complexes were utilized as catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO2 with various epoxides to produce the corresponding cyclic carbonates under solvent-less conditions in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as a cocatalyst. These catalysts exhibited high turnover frequencies (TOFs) ranging from 4675 to 6332 h-1, with 73-99% yields and >99% product selectivity. Notably, Mo-2 expressed a relatively high catalytic performance, achieving a TOF of 6332 h-1 in the reaction with styrene epoxide and other derivatives. The superior catalytic activity of Mo-2, as compared to that of Mo-1, is attributed to the electron-withdrawing effect of the bromo substituents, as supported by cyclic voltammetry and DFT studies. To the best of our knowledge, this is an initial report on the catalytic activity of oxido-molybdenum(V) corroles for CO2 cycloaddition, demonstrating their potential as efficient catalysts for converting CO2 into value-added chemicals.

Despite outstanding catalytic potential, stabilizing single-atom-thick metallenes presents a fundamental challenge in materials design. Through first-principles structure search calculations, we have identified a novel two-dimensional (2D) Janus nanomaterial Pt(111)@CP, in which the single atomic Pt (111) metallene layer serves as one exposed surface, effectively stabilized by coupling with the robust nonmetallic CP framework composed of sp3-hybridized C atoms and sp3-hybridized P atoms possessing lone pair electrons. The unique Pt(111)@CP nanostructure can exhibit excellent dynamic, thermodynamic, mechanical and thermal stability, as well as metallic conductivity. Additionally, it can demonstrate considerably high HER catalytic performance, with both sides playing important roles. Remarkably, it can maintain high HER catalytic activity over a wide range of θH* coverages. Its active site density can reach 1.022 × 1016 sites/cm2, exceeding many reported materials and even state-of-the-art Pt. Further, by substituting Pt atoms with other Group VIII transition metals, we derived a series of novel 2D Janus TM(111)@CP monolayers (TM = Ru, Rh, Pd, Os and Ir) from the Pt(111)@CP structure. All five newly designed TM(111)@CP monolayers featuring the TM (111) metallene surfaces demonstrate high stability and metallic conductivity. They also maintain high HER catalytic activity over a wide range of θH* coverages, with active site densities reaching 1.473 × 1015 to 9.888 × 1015 sites/cm2, comparable to or exceeding the precious metal Pt. The relevant catalytic mechanisms are analyzed. This study presents an innovative strategy for stabilizing metallenes and developing high-performance metallene-related electrocatalysts for HER and even broader energy conversion applications.

Solvent-induced mesoporous {Y2}-organic framework for high catalytic performance on CO2-epoxide cycloaddition and Knoevenagel condensation

Nanoconfined photothermal catalysis enables tackling energy transition and carbon neutrality by constructing precise micro/nanoconfined spaces to boost photothermal efficiency and reaction selectivity. This review systematically examines the technology's core mechanisms, advanced material design strategies, and cutting-edge applications in solar fuel synthesis. We first elucidate how unique spatiotemporal field effects within confined microenvironments significantly improve photothermal efficiency and product selectivity, centered on efficient photothermal conversion, precise control of mass transfer-adsorption, optimized reaction pathways, and synergistic coupling of photo-thermal-mass multi-field interactions. Second, we detail key engineering strategies for high-performance catalysis: precise construction of confinement architectures, rational integration of efficient photothermal components, atomic-scale engineering of catalytic sites, and multifunctional interface optimization. The technology demonstrates transformative potential in light-driven hydrogen production, high-value CO2 conversion, CH4 dry/wet reforming, and directional transformation of light alkanes. However, critical challenges persist: unclear multi-physical-field coupling mechanisms; insufficient precision in sub-nanomaterial synthesis and long-term stability; thermal management-mass transfer mismatches; reaction kinetics-mass transfer trade-offs; difficulty controlling complex reaction networks; and absent scale-up pathways. This review clarifies the fundamental nature of confined catalysis to guide the development of novel multifunctional materials, break stability limits, achieve cross-scale process intensification and system integration, ultimately advancing industrial-scale, efficient, highly selective solar fuel synthesis technologies.

An eco-friendly strategy was developed for the preparation of silver and copper nanoparticles using Tecoma stans (TS) flower extract. The synthesized nanostructures exhibited predominantly spherical morphologies, with particle sizes of 9.8 nm and 3.6 nm for silver and copper, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the face-centered cubic (fcc) of the nanoparticles. The catalytic activity of prepared nanoparticles was assessed toward 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction under the presence of NaBH 4 . Compared with sivler nanoparticles, the copper nano catalysts demonstrated excellent catalytic activity achieving rapid conversion of 4-NP to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) with 93.5% catalytic efficiency. Furthermore, the catalysts demonstrated good reusability, and retaining the conversion efficiency of 95% even after five reaction cycles. The environmentally friendly synthesis, high catalytic performance, and recyclability highlight the ability of Ag and Cu nanoparticles for diverse catalytic applications.

ABSTRACT In this work, an in-situ polymerization of pyrrole was performed to coat Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a polypyrrole (PPy) layer, yielding magnetically separable Fe3O4@PPy composites. The composite was employed to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS), facilitating the rapid degradation of sodium diclofenac (DCFS). In this work, PPy encapsulates the metal oxides in a shell layer, effectively reducing the leaching of metal ions. Moreover, the PPy encapsulation promoted the formation of oxygen vacancies (Ovac). PPy and Ovac play a crucial role in promoting electron transfer, with Fe2+, PPy and Ovac being able to synergistically activate the PMS to yield abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS contributed to the efficient degradation of DCFS. The degradation efficiency of DCFS (50 mg/L) reached 91.0% within just 2 minutes. Among the influential parameters, the initial pH value emerged as the most significant factor. The quenching experiments demonstrated that both the radical and non-radical pathways contributed synergistically to the DCFS degradation, with 1O2 being the dominant ROS. Finally, Fe3O4@PPy exhibited excellent stability and reusability, maintaining high catalytic performance over six consecutive cycles. This work provided a novel and efficient strategy for the removal of pollutants from wastewater, leveraging the synergistic effect of PPy-coated magnetic catalyst for pollutant removal.

Electrodeposition and soft oxidation of nickel‑iron hydroxides: An efficient two-step approach for the synthesis of highly active and stable iron-rich NiFe-LDHs with controlled Ni/Fe composition for oxygen evolution reaction.

Reducing the noble metal loading while maintaining its high catalytic performance is a challenge. Herein, we engineer Ru/C-P═O synergistic sites to develop an ultralow-content Ru catalyst. The Ru content is as low as 0.05%. The 0.05% Ru/P7AC catalyst exhibits an excellent acetylene conversion of 94% in the acetylene hydrochlorination under conditions of 180 °C and a GHSV(C2H2) of 60 h-1. Such a low Ru content and high catalytic performance can be attributed to the Ru/C-P═O species on P-doped carbon. The synergistic interaction between Ru and C-P═O species promotes the dispersion of Ru species, increases the content of high valence Ru, and enhances the adsorption of acetylene, thereby improving the catalyst activity. Simultaneously, the synergistic interaction between Ru and C-P═O species also slows the reduction of high valence Ru and inhibits coke deposition, thereby enhancing the catalyst stability. DFT calculations further validate the synergistic interaction of Ru and C-P═O species, and a novel reaction pathway involving the C-P═O species is proposed. This work develops ultralow-content Ru catalysts with high catalytic activity, offering a viable strategy for designing mercury-free catalysts.

The industrial application of free sucrose phosphorylase (SPase) is significantly limited due to cost, stability issues, and poor reusability. In this study, we employed organic–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers to achieve cell immobilization by co-assembling metal ions with cells. The surface of cells was coated with nanoflowers via chitosan-regulated biomimetic mineralization, thereby enhancing the activity of immobilized cells while providing a protective structure to improve stability. The relative activity of the immobilized cells was 30% higher than that of the free cells. After placing at 4 °C in 15 days, the relative activity of immobilized cells (80%) was substantially higher than that of free cells (40%). Moreover, the immobilized cells retained approximately 85% of their relative activity after 10 cycles. In summary, the novel biocatalysts developed in this study combine high catalytic performance with excellent reusability, demonstrating significant advantages in E. coli cell immobilization and providing a solid foundation for their application in industrial biocatalysis and related fields.

ABSTRACT The catalytic conversion of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) has attracted significant attention, owing to FDCA acting as a sustainable alternative to petroleum‐derived terephthalic acid. However, the synthesis of the catalyst with high catalytic performance under mild reaction conditions remains a challenge. Herein, we developed a series of Co/Mn/N ternary‐doped hollow mesoporous carbon nanospheres (Co x Mn y @N‐HMCNs) derived from Co, Mn porphyrin as a catalyst for the base‐free oxidation of HMF to FDCA at atmospheric pressure. Remarkably, the optimized catalyst (Co 1.5 Mn 1.5 @N‐HMCNs) exhibited exceptional catalytic performance, with 100% HMF conversion and 90.1% FDCA yield while maintaining robust stability over six consecutive runs. Detailed characterization revealed that Mn doping not only induces a synergistic effect with Co species to enhance the catalytic activity, but also modifies the pyridinic N content. The dual boosts collectively enhance both the catalytic activity and stability of Co 1.5 Mn 1.5 @N‐HMCNs for the base‐free oxidation of HMF to FDCA at atmospheric pressure.