Hierarchy In Order Research Articles

Scot Matkovich: Keep on Keeping on.

Scot Matkovich grew up close to the city of Melbourne where, as a university student, he first became fascinated with the heart. This fascination eventually took Matkovich across the globe to New York City, where in 2000, he took up a postdoctoral role at Columbia University. After two further laboratory moves—once to the University of Cincinnati and then to Washington University in St. Louis—and more than a decade of research into cardiac pathologies,1–6 Matkovich became what so many young scientists dream of: a tenure track assistant professor. But in 2016, his funding, his beloved research, and his dreams all came to an end. Scot Matkovich OK, not really. Sure, losing funding was a blow to the ego initially, Matkovich tells Circulation Research , but he was not the type to give up. And Matkovich is continuing to carve out a research career filled with rewarding collaborations, valuable discoveries, and, despite no longer running his own laboratory, considerable autonomy. Through it all, he said, he realized that you do not necessarily need to be running the show in order to make big impacts and enjoy performing on the scientific stage. Indeed, Matkovich argues, young scientists working their way up the ranks should be advised of the difficulties of becoming a group leader but not necessarily driven away from scientific research because of that. Matkovich is currently a research-track faculty member in the laboratory of Douglas Mann at Washington University in St. Louis, where he studies, among other things, heart failure and remodeling7 and the role of the cardiac innate immune system. I was a shy, nerdy sort of kid. I was always strong academically. I was good at math and really enjoyed chemistry. I devoured books of all kinds, but I was also drawn to music from …

Organization development components, process and performance

Nowadays, any organization faces external challenges and changes and the organizational development has been seen as an important tool in managing and planning organization growth. Organizational development works to improve organizations and balance the strengths and weaknesses of a business that is extremely imperative and should not be overlooked. The organizational development has been defined as an effort that is planned at organization level and starts from the top of the organizational hierarchy in order to enhance the organization’s effectiveness through planned interventions in organizational processes. The paper emphasizes the organizational climate, organizational culture, organizational structure and organizational strategy as the key components of organizational development. The situational assessment, intervention planning, implementing the intervention, data gathering, results analysis and feedback have been determined as the main steps in the organizational development process. The human process interventions, techno-structural interventions, human resource management interventions and strategic interventions have been identified as the main categories which lead to organizational improvement. The impact of organizational development interventions on company performance has been studied and the organizational development performance metrics have been proposed in the article.

Teaching adults with intellectual disability to combine symbols in a reading context

The aim of this study is teaching adults con intellectual disability to combine symbols to convey semantic relations during shared reading. A single subject, multiple probe design across three different types of semantic relations generated from a matrix and replicated across three adults with moderate to severe intellectual disability was carried out. A prompts hierarchy in order to produce symbol combinations on an augmentative and alternative device was applied. Clear changes in trend and level were observed in the percentage of trained correct graphic-symbol combinations and the generalization of semantic relations to untrained combinations, and post-intervention maintenance of skills.

Efektivitas Perkotaan Gemolong sebagai Pusat Pelayanan Permukiman di Kabupaten Sragen

<pre><em>The nodal’s region is a region that is functionally dependent between the center (core) and the peripheral area (the area served). The existence of the order level in each center also affects the size of the service area served. The Sragen regency that is applying the concept of nodal region has two residential center; “urban Sragen” and “urban Gemolong”. Although urban Gemolong has become a nodal center of settlements for the six sub-districts which are the area of </em><em></em><em>service but there are still services that are not available such as universities, museums and theaters. Apart from that, the location of Gemolong urban service area that is close to Solo, Porwodadi, and Boyolali, in which have higher order(hierarchy) would attract people in the outskirts to meet the needs of their settlement services into these cities. Therefore, this study is</em><em> </em><em>aim to identify the effectiveness of urban Gemolong as a settlement service center in the Sragen regency. There are two objective of this research; (1) First to identify the condition of urban service of Gemolong as settlement service center in Sragen regency in terms of effectiveness variable of settlement service center and, (2) secondly analyze the effectiveness of urban Gemolong as settlement service center in Sragen regency. The research approach used is deductive, with the quantitative research type using scoring analysis. Survey conducted for this research is the primary survey in the form of observation, and secondary survey in the form of data review. From the result, </em><em>the effectiveness Gemolong urban which has three variables there is only one variable is suitable (service purpose)</em><em>, while service efficiency and affordability are not suitable. The effectiveness of the urban Gemolong as settlement service center in Sragen regency is approaching into effectiveness, which means it has not been effective, so it needs to be improved, especially for the availability and scope of services.</em></pre>

Study of texture zeros of fermion mass matrices in minimal extended seesaw mechanism and symmetry realization

In our work, we study the texture zeros of [Formula: see text] in the minimal extended type-I seesaw (MES) with incorporating one extra gauge singlet field “[Formula: see text]”. The MES models deal with the Dirac neutrino mass matrix [Formula: see text], the right-handed Majorana mass matrix [Formula: see text] and the sterile neutrino mass matrix [Formula: see text]. We carry out the mapping of all possible zero textures of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for phenomenologically predictive cases having total eight zeros of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] studied in the literature. With this motivation, we consider (a) [Formula: see text] scheme, (b) [Formula: see text] scheme and (c) [Formula: see text] scheme, where the digits of a pair represent the number of zeros of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively along with the one zero and two zero textures of [Formula: see text]. There are a large number of possibilities of zeros of fermion mass matrices but the implementation of [Formula: see text] transformations reduces it to a very minimum number of basic structures. Interestingly out of four allowed one zero textures of [Formula: see text] without sterile neutrino, only three cases ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) are allowed in MES mechanism for the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] schemes. We find some correlations for different combination of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] on enforcement of zeros. We examined all the correlations under the recent neutrino oscillation data and find that only [Formula: see text] survives while both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are ruled out. Interestingly the one zero textures inherently represent the inverted hierarchy of the mass ordering of light neutrinos. No two zero textures of [Formula: see text] survive in MES although there are a number of allowed structures phenomenologically. The allowed texture zeros are finally realized using a discrete Abelian flavor symmetry group [Formula: see text] with the extension of standard model to include some scalar fields.

Lasserre Hierarchy for Large Scale Polynomial Optimization in Real and Complex Variables

We propose general notions to deal with large scale polynomial optimization problems and demonstrate their efficiency on a key industrial problem of the 21st century, namely the optimal power flow problem. These notions enable us to find global minimizers on instances with up to 4,500 variables and 14,500 constraints. First, we generalize the Lasserre hierarchy from real to complex numbers in order to enhance its tractability when dealing with complex polynomial optimization. Complex numbers are typically used to represent oscillatory phenomena, which are omnipresent in physical systems. Using the notion of hyponormality in operator theory, we provide a finite convergence criterion which generalizes the Curto--Fialkow conditions of the real Lasserre hierarchy. Second, we introduce the multi-ordered Lasserre hierarchy in order to exploit sparsity in polynomial optimization problems (in real or complex variables) while preserving global convergence. It is based on two ideas: (1) to use a different relaxatio...

Gendered spheres: theorizing space in the English printing house

ABSTRACTThe English printing house was initially conceived, legally, as a printing house, with public work taking place in a private setting. This private space emphasised the traditional hierarchies of political and legal order: Women’s work that took place within the printing house thus fell into the traditional role of household labours. This erasure of labour is one that foregrounds the erasure of women’s writing from history; women who worked in essence as publishers, as printers and booksellers, are very clearly present in the historical records but invisible in our narratives of book history. How did this erasure happen, and why is their presence, and work, overlooked? If we consider the language of space in theory and reread Moxon’s Mechanickal Exercises closely, we see the ways in which the ideas of space itself can be implicitly gendered, and how this might shape our idea of the printing house.

Watermarking based on discrete wavelet transform and q-deformed chaotic map

Hierarchy of one-dimensional ergodic chaotic maps with Tsallis type of q-deformation are studied. We find that in the chaotic region, these maps with q-deformation are ergodic as the Birkhoff ergodic theorem predicts. q-deformed maps are defined as ratios of polynomials of degree N. Hence, by using the Stieltjes transform approach (STA), invariant measure is proposed. In addition, considering Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen (SRB) measure, Kolmogorov-Sinai (KS) entropy for q-deformed maps is calculated analytically. The new q-deformed scheme have ability to keep previous significant properties such as ergodicity, sensitivity to initial condition. By adding q-parameter to the hierarchy in order increase the randomness and one-way computation, we present a new scheme for watermarking. The introduced algorithm tries to improve the problem of failure of encryption such as small key space, encryption speed and level of security. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, some security analyses are presented. By considering the obtained results, it can be concluded that, this scheme have a high potential to be adopted for watermarking. It can be concluded that, the proposed novel watermarking scheme for image authentication can be applied for practical applications.

Hierarchy in air travel: Few large and many small

Here, we document the diversity of commercial aircraft models and bodies in use during the past five decades. Special emphasis is on the models that have moved humanity across the globe during the past three decades. The first objective is to show that the apparent diversity is in fact underpinned (sustained) by organization, which is a distinct hierarchy of “few large and many small” coexisting and moving people harmoniously everywhere. The second objective is to rely on the emerging hierarchy in order to predict for the future how few the even bigger models will be and how more numerous the even smaller models (e.g., drones for package delivery) will be, naturally.

Predicting multicellular function through multi-layer tissue networks.

MotivationUnderstanding functions of proteins in specific human tissues is essential for insights into disease diagnostics and therapeutics, yet prediction of tissue-specific cellular function remains a critical challenge for biomedicine.ResultsHere, we present OhmNet, a hierarchy-aware unsupervised node feature learning approach for multi-layer networks. We build a multi-layer network, where each layer represents molecular interactions in a different human tissue. OhmNet then automatically learns a mapping of proteins, represented as nodes, to a neural embedding-based low-dimensional space of features. OhmNet encourages sharing of similar features among proteins with similar network neighborhoods and among proteins activated in similar tissues. The algorithm generalizes prior work, which generally ignores relationships between tissues, by modeling tissue organization with a rich multiscale tissue hierarchy. We use OhmNet to study multicellular function in a multi-layer protein interaction network of 107 human tissues. In 48 tissues with known tissue-specific cellular functions, OhmNet provides more accurate predictions of cellular function than alternative approaches, and also generates more accurate hypotheses about tissue-specific protein actions. We show that taking into account the tissue hierarchy leads to improved predictive power. Remarkably, we also demonstrate that it is possible to leverage the tissue hierarchy in order to effectively transfer cellular functions to a functionally uncharacterized tissue. Overall, OhmNet moves from flat networks to multiscale models able to predict a range of phenotypes spanning cellular subsystems. Availability and implementationSource code and datasets are available at http://snap.stanford.edu/ohmnet.

The Application of first and second Orders of Inherent Safety in the Chemical Process Industry

The inherent safety (IS) concept has been introduced for more than 45 years, yet its adoption into process design is still very low. As a result, similar accidents keep on occurring worldwide since a majority of the risk reduction strategies used are based on the outer layers of protection such as active engineered and procedural. To enhance the uptake of inherent safety into chemical plant design, this paper aims to outline the common inherent safety strategies that have been used by the chemical process industry (CPI) to prevent accidents. 502 cases of inherently safer design (ISD) applications in the CPI have been collected and analysed. The process changes through plant modification are grouped based on the four main ISD strategies of minimisation, substitution, moderation, and simplification. The four main ISD keywords are then further classified into a hierarchy of inherent safety order. 58 cases (12 %) fall under first order IS which is from substitution keyword. For the 2nd order IS (magnitude), the keyword minimisation gives 242 cases (48 %) while moderation gives 151 (30 %). The simplification keyword which is under 2nd order IS (likelihood) gives 51 cases (10 %). The 2nd order IS (magnitude) seems to give the biggest numbers of design changes made by the CPI. Magnitude reduction strategy is the common choice by the CPI when designing safer equipment or process.

Utilizing somatic mutation data from numerous studies for cancer research: proof of concept and applications

Large cancer projects measure somatic mutations in thousands of samples, gradually assembling a catalog of recurring mutations in cancer. Many methods analyze these data jointly with auxiliary information with the aim of identifying subtype-specific results. Here, we show that somatic gene mutations alone can reliably and specifically predict cancer subtypes. Interpretation of the classifiers provides useful insights for several biomedical applications. We analyze the COSMIC database, which collects somatic mutations from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as well as from many smaller scale studies. We use multi-label classification techniques and the Disease Ontology hierarchy in order to identify cancer subtype-specific biomarkers. Cancer subtype classifiers based on TCGA and the smaller studies have comparable performance, and the smaller studies add a substantial value in terms of validation, coverage of additional subtypes, and improved classification. The gene sets of the classifiers are used for threefold contribution. First, we refine the associations of genes to cancer subtypes and identify novel compelling candidate driver genes. Second, using our classifiers we successfully predict the primary site of metastatic samples. Third, we provide novel hypotheses regarding detection of subtype-specific synthetic lethality interactions. From the cancer research community perspective, our results suggest that curation efforts, such as COSMIC, have great added and complementary value even in the era of large international cancer projects.

Assessment of Air Cargo Airlines: An Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach

Using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) methodology this study explored the nonstatistical factors that might affect a cargo airline. ISM allows a better understanding of the mutual influence among different attributes and the consequences, which helps the decision maker make more informed decisions. The study used ISM methodology to summarize and identify the relationships among attributes that influences the competitive advantage of a cargo airline, operational factors that might influence the firm's processes, and characteristics that might affect the overall financial stability of the airline. Relationships among attributes were derived and structured into a hierarchy in order to identify subsystems of interdependent elements with corresponding driving power and dependency.

Location Selection of Logistics Center in e-Commerce Network Environments

The site selection of logistics center is a very complicated and enormous system problem. Each site selection method and model is based on a certain premise and hypothesis. The site selection decision of distribution center has an important influence on the whole logistics system operation. A good location of urban logistics sites is important for optimizing the logistics network, and improving the urban traffic conditions, and level of logistics services. Motivated by this, in this paper, based on the research of sixteen cities in southeastern China and neural network algorithms, we proposed a logistics center location selection algorithm. Our method considers the six important concepts reflecting the performance index of the city logistics, such as city location quotient, market prosperity degree, proportion of freight volume, urban centricity, per capita gross domestic product (GDP), and population size. Our method conducts the nested fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and then investigates the total ranking of the single order hierarchy to select suitable logistics centers.

The Contentious History of the International Bill of Human Rights by Christopher N.J. Roberts

The Contentious History of the International Bill of Human Rights, by Christopher N.J. Roberts. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2015. xiv, 237 pp. $32.99 US (paper). Historical scholarship on has been critiqued for using history to affirm the inevitable rise of rights. Human have been presented as the ultimate utopia, rather than an ideology shaped by conscious choices and historical accidents. Several recent studies have therefore highlighted the limitations of the linear and triumphalist narratives that dominate scholarship. These new histories go beyond the triumphs of to draw attention to the underlying tensions and contestations that have shaped the development of the idea. In this book, Christopher Roberts contributes to the emergent genre of contested histories by exploring the conflicts and opposition that underscored the development of the International Bill of Human Rights (IBHR) at its mid-century moment of inception. The story of contemporary rights, Roberts points out, is incomplete without these oppositional narratives because they shaped what has become in our world. Although are held to be a universal good, this book shows that there has not been universal agreement about the nature of the concept. After WWII, individuals, organized groups, nations, conservative leaders, and progressive scholars objected to the emerging idea of universal for numerous reasons. The concept of as a response to the carnage and atrocities of the war was anything but self-evident. The process of drafting a nonbinding Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and binding Covenants was defined by deep-seated disagreements. Imperial powers such as Great Britain and influential political factions in the United States resisted the inclusive discourse promised by universal because it threatened the colonial order and domestic racial hierarchies. In the US, professional organizations such as the American Bar Association, the American Anthropological Association and the American Medical Association rejected parts of the new concept. Even progressive thinkers such as Hannah Arendt and Mohandas Gandhi were skeptical of the value of a universal regime. Beyond the confines of intellectual and diplomatic debates at the United Nations, Roberts shows how opposition to universal also manifested in public discourse. Proponents and opponents of American internationalism sparred loudly in newspapers and magazines, newsreels and radio shows, and on the floor of Congress about the implications of universal for the mixing of the races, the future of colonialism, national sovereignty, and the spread of communism. Roberts cautions, however, that highlighting the opposition to universal should not be read as representing a normatively critical approach to the history of rights. Opposition directed at the UDHR or other instruments were more or less contentions of particular representations of social and political relationships rather than a rejection of human rights per se. …

Legislative Control of Post-Award Procedural Dynamics: Modeling Judicial Behaviors of Post-Award Review Systems in International Commercial Arbitration

Ensuring the international enforceability of arbitral awards is an ideal research topic in international commercial arbitration. National legislative control of post-award procedural dynamics in international or domestic categories of arbitration forums becomes the initial conditions for modeling judicial behaviors of post-award review systems in international commercial arbitration. However, building up theories for the national/international legislative design depends on the depth of understanding how the judicial behaviors evolve in post-award review systems. Hence, apart from typical scenarios of legal studies, this thesis applied the legislative modeling as the approach to study the stability of international post-award review systems. The purpose of this thesis is to study the theories-building basis of constructing international enforceable awards. Three research approaches include comparative legal studies, evolutionary dynamics, mathematical modeling. Legislative modeling is based on these approaches for controlling the post-award procedural dynamics, predicting the sustainability of national arbitration laws, analyzing the grounds for international post-award review systems. Firstly, this thesis studied the strategic behaviors in dispute resolution bargaining processes and analyzed the distribution of power in multilateral dispute resolution procedures. Secondly, this thesis modelled the judicial behaviors in evolutionary multilevel hierarchy of orders based on the heuristics decision-makings with the preferences of social agents. Thirdly, this thesis schemed procedural delocalized arbitrations for the national legislative management of arbitration laws. Finally, this thesis explored the theoretical grounds for constructing the international legislative control of post-award review systems. The contributions of this thesis include filling the gaps of traditional research methodologies and interdisciplinary legislative modeling and building three models for finding the equilibria of interests in post-award bargaining processes, showing that the intensity of the vacatur grounds for foreign arbitral awards made great impacts on post-award procedural dynamics, studying the influence of the political control in international post-award review systems. This thesis concluded that finding the preferences of contracts and the strategic equilibria of the parties improved the efficacy of settlement bargaining; for studying the sustainability of national arbitration laws, analyzing the long-term behaviors of post-award review systems was helpful; constructing the international legislative control of post-award review systems was based on the functions of the transnational political agents and the non-state actors. This thesis suggested to ratify the New York Convention and to add the grounds for modifications or corrections on the evident material miscalculation or mistakes and reinterpretations of arbitral awards in Taiwan Arbitration Law.

An executive hierarchy analysis of stock options: Does gender matter?

This study takes a step forward in addressing the influence of stock options on executive risk-taking behavior, examining the moderating role of the executive hierarchy—CEOs versus non-CEO executives—and the gender effect within these corporate positions. Panel data analysis for matched samples of S&P 1500 listed firms between 2006 and 2011 confirms both hierarchical and gender differences in the relationship between executive stock options (ESOs) and risk taking. The maximum wealth at risk at which risk-increasing behavior changes to risk-reducing behavior—in the inverted U-shaped relationship—is higher for CEOs than for non-CEO executives, while gender differences in the ESO risk-taking effect are stronger at the level of CEOs. Thus, our evidence shows the importance of considering executive’s decision-making freedom (by means of hierarchy) in order to predict risk preferences according to executive gender.

SHAPELEARNER: TOWARDS SHAPE-BASED VISUAL KNOWLEDGE HARVESTING

The explosion of images on the Web has led to a number of efforts to organize images semantically and compile collections of visual knowledge. While there has been enormous progress on categorizing entire images or bounding boxes, only few studies have targeted fine-grained image understanding at the level of specific shape contours. For example, given an image of a cat, we would like a system to not merely recognize the existence of a cat, but also to distinguish between the cat’s legs, head, tail, and so on. In this paper, we present ShapeLearner, a system that acquires such visual knowledge about object shapes and their parts. ShapeLearner jointly learns this knowledge from sets of segmented images. The space of label and segmentation hypotheses is pruned and then evaluated using Integer Linear Programming. ShapeLearner places the resulting knowledge in a semantic taxonomy based on WordNet and is able to exploit this hierarchy in order to analyze new kinds of objects that it has not observed before. We conduct experiments using a variety of shape classes from several representative categories and demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of our method.

SHAPELEARNER: TOWARDS SHAPE-BASED VISUAL KNOWLEDGE HARVESTING

Abstract. The explosion of images on the Web has led to a number of efforts to organize images semantically and compile collections of visual knowledge. While there has been enormous progress on categorizing entire images or bounding boxes, only few studies have targeted fine-grained image understanding at the level of specific shape contours. For example, given an image of a cat, we would like a system to not merely recognize the existence of a cat, but also to distinguish between the cat’s legs, head, tail, and so on. In this paper, we present ShapeLearner, a system that acquires such visual knowledge about object shapes and their parts. ShapeLearner jointly learns this knowledge from sets of segmented images. The space of label and segmentation hypotheses is pruned and then evaluated using Integer Linear Programming. ShapeLearner places the resulting knowledge in a semantic taxonomy based on WordNet and is able to exploit this hierarchy in order to analyze new kinds of objects that it has not observed before. We conduct experiments using a variety of shape classes from several representative categories and demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of our method.

Important role of dominance in allogrooming behaviour in beef cattle

In domestic cattle, the relationship between dominance and allogrooming behaviour has been investigated in several studies. However, the results do not show a consistent pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate this relationship in a stable female beef cattle herd using social network analysis as a novel methodological approach. We tested two adaptive allogrooming hypotheses. The ‘Grooming-for-Commodity’ hypothesis posits that allogrooming is directed from low ranking animals towards higher ranking cows in exchange of tolerance and other favours. The ‘Grooming-for-Stability’ hypothesis predicts that allogrooming is performed by high ranking animals down the hierarchy in order to perpetuate the stability of the social structure. We recorded a herd of 15 Gasconne cows on pasture for 3 weeks (180h) and recorded 681 agonistic interactions and 288 allogrooming events. To evaluate the relationship between dominance and allogrooming behaviour we calculated correlations between dominance index, individual behavioural effort (OUT-direction), and individual attractiveness (IN-direction). We found that more dominant animals provided much higher amount of allogrooming acts (p<0.001) and groomed more herdmates (p<0.001). As a consequence, allogrooming behaviour was mostly oriented down the hierarchy (p<0.001). At the same time, more dominant animals also received higher total number of allogrooming (p<0.05). This seeming paradox was due to the fact that the very active high ranking allogroomers exchanged a lot of the licking with each other. Further, the dominance index of the cow was or tended to be positively related to the social network analysis measures of IN-Dyad-Reciprocity (p=0.065), IN-Betweenness (p<0.05) and OUT-Dyad-Reciprocity (p<0.001). Our study showed that the more dominant animals have more prominent roles in the allogrooming network of a stable female beef cattle herd. These results give more support to the ‘Grooming-for-Stability’ hypothesis than to the ‘Grooming-for-Commodity’ hypothesis.