Hierarchical Organizational Structure Research Articles

Pengaruh Struktur Organisasi terhadap Perilaku Warga Sekolah Menengah Atas

This study aims to examine the impact of organizational structure on the behavior of the members of SMAN 1 Sawahlunto. Utilizing qualitative methods, this research involved direct observation and in-depth interviews with various stakeholders at the school, including the principal, teachers, students, and administrative staff. The results indicate that SMAN 1 Sawahlunto implements a hierarchical organizational structure, with the principal at the top, followed by vice principals, department heads, teachers, and administrative staff. This structure has several significant impacts on the behavior of the school community. Firstly, teachers tend to follow instructions from superiors without much debate, which can reduce their personal initiative and creativity in teaching. Secondly, students have a high level of respect for teachers and administrative staff, creating a disciplined environment, but they sometimes feel less confident in expressing their opinions or new ideas, which can limit active participation and the development of critical skills. Thirdly, the administrative staff strictly follows established procedures, ensuring efficiency and consistency in routine tasks, but they are less flexible in dealing with unexpected situations. In conclusion, the hierarchical structure at SMAN 1 Sawahlunto creates an orderly and disciplined environment, but it also presents challenges in terms of flexibility, initiative, and active participation. It is recommended that the school consider adopting a more participative and flexible approach to optimize the potential of all its members.

Two Level Security for Key Access Using Cloud Computing

In this work, the author constructs a key access management scheme that seamlessly transitions any hierarchical-like access policy to the digital medium. The proposed scheme allows any public cloud system to be used as a private cloud. We consider the data owner an entity consisting of several organization units. We provide a secure method for each user of this entity to access the public cloud from both inside and outside the company’s network. The idea of the key access control scheme, which is based on Shamir’s secret sharing algorithm and polynomial interpolation method, is suitable especially for hierarchical organizational structures. It offers a secure, flexible, and hierarchical key access mechanism for organizations utilizing mission-critical data.

Transitioning to Agile Organizational Structures: A Contingency Theory Approach in the Financial Sector

The primary objective of this investigation is to explore the key factors within a large corporation that facilitate the transition from a conventional hierarchical organizational structure to a more agile one. Although there are studies in the literature on the different agile organizational structures, there are no clear guidelines for a large company to transform to an agile framework. This study employs contingency theory as its framework and specifically focuses on the financial sector to identify both opportunities and challenges encountered during this transformation process. Qualitative research methods were employed, involving an analysis of five case studies in which managers served as respondents. This research contributes to the identification of a model as a guideline for the transformation of the organizational structure towards agility that can provide valuable information for companies undergoing such a transformation. The managers surveyed provided their experience and the competencies of their profiles were validated, in addition to the application of the Delphi method to obtain more objective information. The findings underscore that large companies should refrain from adopting a completely flat hierarchical structure. Moreover, there exists a set of strategic-level elements that serve as a guiding framework for the transformation process. Furthermore, it is essential to acknowledge that the transformation process itself does not follow a one-size-fits-all approach; rather, it is contingent upon the unique context of each individual case, and it is also a cultural challenge.

Offender Rehabilitation System in Hong Kong: From Traditions to Innovations

Probation in Hong Kong is part of a broader concept – a system for the rehabilitation of offenders and the prevention of reoffending. In this approach, the focus of the probation service is not on the crime itself, but on the unresolved personal and social problems that underlie criminal behavior (lack of employment, housing, drug addiction, etc.). With regard to the rehabilitation of offenders in this administrative region, there are legal regulations that have undergone several stages of improvement, a well-developed organizational system of rehabilitation and a set of proven methods of working with offenders. All this makes the Hong Kong experience interesting from the point of view of the prospects of possible borrowing. The paper considers the legal regulation, the history of formation and development of the system of rehabilitation of offenders in Hong Kong, the influence of the English experience on its formation; highlights the features of the organization of the rehabilitation system, as well as its advantages that contribute to the optimization of work processes. Probation in Hong Kong started with juvenile offenders and later extended to adults. Probation in Hong Kong is now a criminal law institution accompanying alternative sentences to imprisonment. Based on academic research, official publications of the Social Welfare Department (SWD) and the Correctional Services Department (CSD) of Hong Kong, and statistical data, the author explores specific measures of support for ex-convicts, social rehabilitation, and the effectiveness of their application. The author identifies the key points of effectiveness of the Hong Kong system of rehabilitation of offenders: well-built hierarchical organizational structure (departmentalization of the service); division of functions between the agencies supervising social welfare and correctional institutions; emphasis on the use of social work methods in the creation of rehabilitation programs; a wide range of rehabilitation programs targeting different groups of offenders; comprehensive nature of rehabilitation, involvement of family and community. In conclusion, the author’s vision of the prospects of using the Hong Kong experience in the Russian realities, coupled with the analysis of the new legislation on probation, is stated.

Organizational and economic aspects of managing financial policy, sustainable growth and development of the corporation

An attempt was made to develop recommendations on ways to optimize the organizational and economic mechanism of corporations, including the radio electronic industry. The study is a continuation of the work of Liberova A.A. and Tatarinets S.G. on the financial policy of organizations, sustainable economic growth and development of companies in the non-financial sector of the economy. Methods of decomposition and system analysis are applied in the evidentiary part of the study. The hypothesis is based on empirically identified functional features of corporate governance organizational structures by public and non-public joint stock companies. It is about the number, content of functions, authority, corporate responsibility of intra-corporate executive bodies: departments, offices, divisions. Public data is mostly obtained from the Interfax disclosure server. Interfax is an official analytical agency accredited by the Government and the Central Bank of Russia. According to the authors, the building of organizational and managerial structures significantly affects the results of the financial policy of the company and prospects for sustainable development. The authors formulated problems and gave recommendations on optimizing the organizational potential of the economic block for the phased implementation of the financial policy of a large company. Significant attention is paid to the relationship of the organizational mechanism to the success of financial policy in the field of financial planning. The hierarchical structure of organization of strategic planning with the purpose of optimization of financial policy of organizations is offered. The article analyses approaches to building the structure of organizational management of sustainable development. Some results of corporate movement towards sustainable development goals are shown.

Going back to a traditional organizational structure

This paper argues that a hierarchical and traditional organizational structure is essential to maintain communication, achieve innovation, and cement the further development of an organization that has just faced a severe crisis. Through in-depth interviews with family business owners and managers who overcame the challenges of Hurricane María in Puerto Rico, the relevance of the traditional organizational structure as a best management practice in times of crisis is examined.

Impact of hierarchical, horizontal and team-based organisational structures on full time teachers’ performance in Chinese secondary schools

This research aimed to investigate the impact of various management structures on the teaching performance of full-time Chinese secondary school teachers and, consequently, on the education quality. Different management structures, including hierarchical, horizontal, and team-based were explored for their contributions to students' learning opportunities. A quantitative approach was employed, analyzing data from 50 full-time Chinese secondary school teachers. The findings were interpreted using relevant statistical methods to establish the relationship between management structures and teacher performance. The study reveals that the most effective and recommended management structure involves amalgamating the strengths inherent in these different structures to create a hybrid system that is responsive to the needs of teachers. This hybrid approach is shown to have a positive impact on teacher performance. The findings of this research hold significant practical implications. Understanding the effects of management structure empowers policymakers and educational leaders to design and implement effective management strategies that support and empower teachers. This, in turn, can lead to enhanced teacher performance, improved education quality, increased job satisfaction, and motivation among educators, ultimately resulting in better student outcomes. The study thus highlights the Chinese government's emphasis on education and serves as a reference for policy adjustments to improve management efficiency.

Team Building and Sustainability of Lubricant Firms in Anambra State

In the dynamic landscape of the global economy, traditional hierarchical organizational structures are facing challenges in maintaining competitiveness, adaptability, and sustainability. This study delves into the crucial role of team building in nurturing sustainability, productivity, and cohesive relationships among employees, particularly within fiercely competitive industries like the lubricant sector in Anambra State, Nigeria. The research explored the historical roots of team building, tracing its origins to the industrial revolution, and highlights its contemporary relevance in the context of modern organizations. Despite the acknowledged importance of team building, this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of its specific impacts on employee relations, creativity, and performance within the Anambra lubricant sector. By examining empirical data and case studies, the paper aimed to shed light on how effective team building strategies can be implemented to achieve sustainable productivity in such highly competitive industries. The objectives include investigating the effects of team trust and team training on the environmental sustainability of lubricant firms in Anambra State. The study's findings revealed that team trust and team training significantly enhance the environmental sustainability of lubricant companies. These results emphasize the critical role of team building practices in improving sustainability and performance within the sector. The recommendations put forth include promoting impactful interactions among team members to foster trust, support, and understanding, as well as continuous evaluation of coaching-based training and development programs to enhance employee learning outcomes. This research contributes valuable insights to organizations seeking to optimize resources and achieve sustainable growth in competitive industries Keywords: Team building, Sustainability, Lubricant firms, Organizational performance, Employee relations, Productivity, Team trust, Team training

REASONS, CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES FOR IMPLEMENTING AGILE IN TODAY’S UNPREDICTABLE ENVIRONMENT

Irma Chkhaidze
 E-mail: chkhaidze.irma@bsu.edu.ge 
 Associate Professor, Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University 
 Batumi, Georgia
 https://orcid.org/000-0003-4430-181X 
 Abstract. This article explores the efficacy of the Agile method in managing business projects, which enables companies to attain a competitive edge and sustain dynamic capabilities amidst rapidly evolving global circumstances.
 The article focuses on the "Agile" transformation, which is identified as a key priority for companies facing unpredictable changes in both the global context and in Georgia. This transformation is being implemented gradually, in line with contemporary challenges, and involves reshaping the hierarchical structure of organizations and redistributing functions based on employees' abilities, with the goal of creating professional teams. Consequently, the study aims to develop a strategy for efficient project management in Georgian companies and explore effective ways to implement it.
 The research findings uncovered the primary obstacles to companies transitioning to the method of rapid management of innovative business projects: challenges pertaining to organizational culture, resistance to change, lack of management support, unmotivated teams, and low skills among team members.
 The challenges associated with implementing the Agile methodology in the project management process were identified as follows: gaining competitiveness in the international and regional market, limited practical experience in IT Agile, and introducing innovations that do not align with user needs when using the waterfall method.
 The positive aspects of the rapid management of innovative business projects were assessed as follows: flexibility, customer collaboration, enhancement of goods and services through the implementation of short cycle processes, and incremental innovations aimed at meeting customer requirements.
 Through research, the alignment of the values of companies utilizing modern project management methods in Georgia with the principles of Agile project management was examined. These principles include teamwork, increased autonomy, high trust, customer feedback, enhanced adaptability to change, improved communication within and between teams, and the implementation of a results-oriented control process.
 The effectiveness of the Agile method was found to be contingent upon the development of a long-term motivational strategy. This strategy is based on two key factors: firstly, the creation and maintenance of a competent team, and secondly, ongoing collaboration with customers.

Automated phenotyping of postoperative delirium-like behaviour in mice reveals the therapeutic efficacy of dexmedetomidine

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a complicated and harmful clinical syndrome. Traditional behaviour analysis mostly focuses on static parameters. However, animal behaviour is a bottom-up and hierarchical organizational structure composed of time-varying posture dynamics. Spontaneous and task-driven behaviours are used to conduct comprehensive profiling of behavioural data of various aspects of model animals. A machine-learning based method is used to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine. Fourteen statistically different spontaneous behaviours are used to distinguish the non-POD group from the POD group. In the task-driven behaviour, the non-POD group has greater deep versus shallow investigation preference, with no significant preference in the POD group. Hyperactive and hypoactive subtypes can be distinguished through pose evaluation. Dexmedetomidine at a dose of 25 μg kg−1 reduces the severity and incidence of POD. Here we propose a multi-scaled clustering analysis framework that includes pose, behaviour and action sequence evaluation. This may represent the hierarchical dynamics of delirium-like behaviours.

Counterintelligence, Policy Recommendation and Military Convergence in Dealing with Current and Emerging Regional Implications of Jemaah Islamiyyah

This study was conducted to seek reemerging threats of JI in recent years, counterintelligence taken by police and military convergence. Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) is an Islamist extremist group in Indonesia that seeks to overthrow the government and create a pan-Islamic state in Southeast Asia. It has ideological origins in the Darul Islam (DI) movement of the 1950s and 1960s, in which insurgents of West Javanese descent carried out a violent campaign that attempted to establish an Islamic state in Indonesia. Despite the arrest of more than 100 Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) members in the last two years, the militant organization appears resilient, partly due to its hierarchical organizational structure. Such a structure has enabled JI to have a strong agenda-setting capacity and exercise accountability and specialization within its hierarchy. This study is qualitative in nature. I conducted in-depth library and fieldwork research with former JI operatives and Police (POLRI & DENSUS 88, PDRM) officers. My findings show the survival patterns JI in the context of operations, which includes personal, political, economic, and community structure within their circle. To curb the threat of JI, I would like to suggest the Government of Indonesia and regional members devise an action plan to address the terrorist-related issues

P2M: A Fast Solver for Querying Distance from Point to Mesh Surface

Most of the existing point-to-mesh distance query solvers, such as Proximity Query Package (PQP), Embree and Fast Closest Point Query (FCPW), are based on bounding volume hierarchy (BVH). The hierarchical organizational structure enables one to eliminate the vast majority of triangles that do not help find the closest point. In this paper, we develop a totally different algorithmic paradigm, named P2M , to speed up point-to-mesh distance queries. Our original intention is to precompute a KD tree (KDT) of mesh vertices to approximately encode the geometry of a mesh surface containing vertices, edges and faces. However, it is very likely that the closest primitive to the query point is an edge e (resp., a face f ), but the KDT reports a mesh vertex υ instead. We call υ an interceptor of e (resp., f ). The main contribution of this paper is to invent a simple yet effective interception inspection rule and an efficient flooding interception inspection algorithm for quickly finding out all the interception pairs. Once the KDT and the interception table are precomputed, the query stage proceeds by first searching the KDT and then looking up the interception table to retrieve the closest geometric primitive. Statistics show that our query algorithm runs many times faster than the state-of-the-art solvers.

A Structural Model of Organization and Clinician Factors Associated with Standardized Measure Use in a National Survey of Youth Mental Health Providers.

Standardized assessment measures are important for accurate diagnosis of mental health problems and for treatment planning and evaluation. However, little is known about youth mental health providers' typical use of standardized measures across disciplines and outside the context of evidence-based practice initiatives. A multidisciplinary national survey examined the frequency with which 674 youth mental health providers administer standardized and unstandardized measures, and the extent to which organizational (i.e., implementation climate, rigid hierarchical organizational structure) and provider (i.e., attitudes toward standardized assessment measures, highest degree, practice setting) characteristics are associated with standardized measure use. Providers used unstandardized measures far more frequently than standardized measures. Providers' perceptions (a) that standardized measures are practical or feasible, (b) that their organization supports and values evidence-based practices, and (c) that their organization has a rigid hierarchical structure predicted greater use of standardized measures. Working in schools predicted less frequent SMU, while working in higher education and other professional settings predicted more frequent SMU. Standardized measures were not routinely used in this community-based sample. A rigid hierarchical organizational structure may be conducive to more frequent administration of standardized measures, but it is unclear whether such providers actually utilize these measures for clinical decision-making. Alternative strategies to promote standardized measure use may include promoting organizational cultures that value empirical data and encouraging use of standardized measures and training providers to use pragmatic standardized measures for clinical decision making.

Quantifying AEC professionals' cross-work culture productivity: comparison between Malaysian and UK projects during industrialized building project

PurposeThis paper discussed quantifying architect, engineer and contractor (AEC) professionals' cross-work culture productivity by comparing between Malaysian and United Kingdom (UK) projects during industrialized building project delivery. This study addressed the second part of a mixed method research design study.Design/methodology/approachThis study hypothesized that with understanding of cultural work knowledge between professionals during design phase coupled with competent technological support, productivity can be improved. It utilized Cognitive Organizational Theory (COT) protocols to test conceptual models in SimVision®. Organizational structure, project intensity, and statistical validations parameters were performed to obtain the reliability and generalization of the result.FindingsThis study found that with Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology intervention, the handling of exception, coordination and decision-making time could be improved, resulting in better project performances. The result also indicated that in choosing organizational fit, national culture factor needed to be considered; otherwise, organizational change would be unacceptable. By changing the operational process from intensive to reciprocal task intensity with BIM technology intervention, the effect on productivity would be similar to changing hierarchical organizational structure to flatter organizational structure.Research limitations/implicationsProject discrepancies issues are limitedly discussed due to companies' confidentiality. The paper only focuses on understanding the effects of human factors during the integrated project delivery phase.Practical implicationsThe findings could support developing countries' professionals to collaborate effectively with developed countries' professionals.Originality/valueThe development of the project's cultural knowledge experimentations will provide guidance to teams involved in international projects from developed and developing countries in pursuing joint ventures in project deliveries in either country successfully.

Peran Kepala Madrasah Sebagai Manajer Dalam Peningkatan Kinerja Tenaga Administrasi Di MA Miftahul Ulum Cermenan Ngoro Jombang

The principal as a manager has a very decisive role success in an institution he leads, the success or failure of madrasa goals can be influenced by how the madrasa head performs management functions. In order to carry out its roles and functions as a manager. This study aims to describe 1. The role of the madrasa head as a manager in improving the performance of administrative staff at MA Miftahul Ulum Cermenan Ngoro Jombang 2. The performance of administrative staff in the field of student affairs at MA Miftahul Ulum Cermenan Ngoro Jombang. This research is a qualitative field research, the research design is descriptive qualitative using data collection techniques, namely observation, interviews, and documentation. Furthermore, data analysis was carried out using qualitative methods with a qualitative descriptive design. The results showed that: 1. The role of the head of the madrasa as a manager at MA Miftahul Ulum Cermenan Ngoro Jombang, namely: a. compiling the program: The head of the madrasa forms a special committee, b. madrasa organization: the head of the madrasa forms a work team contained in the hierarchical organizational structure. c. mobilize staff: the head of the madrasa directly supervises his employees in completing madrasa tasks. 2. Performance of administrative staff at MA Miftahul Ulum Cermenan Ngoro Jombang. It can be seen from: a. Quantity of work achieved: the work of administrative staff is always monitored by the head of the madrasa, so that all tasks are completed according to procedure, b. quality of work achieved: accuracy in work, work discipline, adherence to work procedures c. the quality of the work the ability to do the job as required d. attendance and activities while present at the workplace.

Massively parallel numerical simulation of 3D shock wave propagation based on JASMIN framework

An efficient massively parallel computing program for shock wave propagation named Shock3d is developed for shock wave damage mechanism in complex scenes. With the finite volume method, the program is built upon JASMIN (J parallel Adaptive Structured Mesh applications INfrastructure) and employs a component-based hierarchical organization structure. Using the patch-based core algorithm, Shock3d enables high parallel efficiency and strong parallel scalability with a parallel domain decomposition method and an image domain-based communication mode. It not only considers gravity, real gas effects, and boundaries in complex scenes, but also supports dynamic load balancing (DLB) and three-dimensional structured meshes and allows the parallel solution of hundreds of millions of mesh problems. Typical examples were used to verify the validity, parallelism, and high-resolution simulation results of the program developed. In the scalability test, where the propagation of shock waves through hundreds of millions of mesh elements was simulated on 300,000 CPU cores, the program delivered parallel efficiency of 60.84%.

The Totemic Features in the Islamic Sufi Societies

This study explores the Totemic manifestations in the Islamic Sufi societies. Those manifestations involve a set of belief ideas that is found independently in religions, or a type of social organization of a number of human groups. On the other hand, Sufism is a religious-social phenomenon known of being characterized by the nature of the place in which it is originated or reach. Thus, one can investigate the totemic manifestations in the Sufi societies whether at the religious or social structural level. The approach: the researcher adopted the inductive approach through reviewing the foreign and Arab books and studies about Sufism and Totemism that are related to them in terms of concepts, and practices on the religious and social levels. In addition, the study relies on the comparative approach for comparing Totemism with Sufism so as to identify similarities. Finally, the researcher adopted the analytical approach to analyse and clarify those concepts, practices and similarities of both which leads to identify the totemic features in the Islamic Sufis societies. This research has reached a set of conclusions; the most important of which are: there are totemic characteristics – in varying degrees- in the Islamic Sufis societies. On the religious level; Totemism manifests in the aspects related to the holiness of totem and everything related to it, in addition to the protection of all individuals that fall under its logo, which resemble in its appearance and content sheikh al Method or the Walli in some Sufi orders, and the common manifestations in ritualistic practices represented in musical dancing worship practices that leads to ecstasy and Karamat (blessings). On the social level, Totemism characteristics manifest in Sufi groups. They are represented in the hierarchical societal organizational structure of Sufism, that makes the sheikh or Alwali (the totem) serve as the core element and the societal symbol of the Sufi method.

Healthcare practitioners’ perceptions of inter-professional collaborative practices in hospitals

BackgroundIt is believed that positive interactions and exchanges of information within a healthcare team contribute to good quality care in any context. In Indonesia, there may be limitations on interaction and information exchange because of the hierarchical structure of organizations. Culture, hierarchy, and perceived rank affect how individuals behave and interact among professions in healthcare teams. This study aimed to identify the perceptions of each profession on the practice of inter-professional collaboration in their respective work units. MethodThe study was conducted among health care practitioners involved in antibiotic use in hospitals. Data were collected using the Collaborative-Practice Assessment Tool (CPAT) questionnaire of eight domains (53 questions). The correlation coefficient value for the 53 questions was >0.3, with a significance level of 5%. The reliability of the CPAT questionnaire was good, with Cronbach's alpha of 0.977. ResultThere were 261 respondents. The perception scores of each profession about inter-professional collaboration were 3.55–3.82. The domain that had the highest score was ‘the relationship between members'; and the lowest scores was ‘decision-making and conflict management’. A statistically significant difference was found in the perception towards the practice of inter-professional collaboration between pharmacists and other professions. ConclusionPerceptions of inter-professional collaboration of each profession in hospitals differ. Communication between professions in distributing tasks and roles when interacting is needed so that each profession can contribute optimally.

Hierarchies and decision-making in groups: experimental evidence

While individual decision-making is a principal research area in theoretical and experimental economics, many decisions are actually made by groups, and not by individuals. In addition, groups are often characterized by hierarchical organizational structures, but little is known about their possible effects on outcomes in economic experiments. This exploratory study investigates differences in decision-making outcomes for individuals and groups under different hierarchies using data from an incentivized economic experiment using a sample of South Korean college students and Bayesian hypothesis testing, frequentist regression analysis, and analysis of predicted probabilities for “ideal types”. It compares the choices of groups of three in lottery choices and intellective tasks under five different hierarchy types: a group without hierarchy, a hierarchy by age, by merit, by chance, and by election. A within-subjects comparison of choices as individuals and as leaders allows to control for individual differences that might matter for choices beyond the hierarchy type. Regression results show that there are no differences in the number of safe choices between the different hierarchy types, but groups with a leader assigned based on merit perform better in intellective tasks, compared to leaders assigned based on a vote, age, or a random mechanism. These findings suggest that the type of hierarchy and its perceived legitimacy might matter for the quality of outcomes in intellective tasks, with no effects found for risk attitude.

From empowering leadership to proactive work behavior in hospitality: a study of multiple cross-level mediation processes

PurposeOn the basis of the hierarchical organizational structure, this study investigated how empowering leadership influences hotel employees' proactive work behavior through multiple cross-level mediation processes. This study also investigated whether psychological empowerment, positive psychological capital, job characteristics and job embeddedness can activate the linkage of the aforementioned trickle-down effects.Design/methodology/approachThis study draws data from 826 international tourist hotel employees at different times with hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analyses.FindingsMultiple cross-level mediation analyses indicate that (1) psychological empowerment mediates the cross-level influences of empowering leadership on job characteristics and positive psychological capital; (2) positive psychological capital mediates the cross-level influences of empowering leadership on job embeddedness and proactive work behavior; and (3) job embeddedness mediates the cross-level influences of psychological empowerment and job characteristics on proactive work behavior.Practical implicationsIn the post-pandemic era, the valuable trickle-down effects of empowering leadership could spill over into employees' positive beliefs of psychological empowerment, which ultimately benefit working responsibility and organizational operations.Originality/valueThe results support and suggest that maximizing the benefits of empowering leadership could eventually foster proactivity and performance in the workplace under hospitality and tourism settings.