Heterogeneous Pairs Research Articles

고해상도 위성영상 GeoEye-1과 WorldView-2의 RPC 블록조정모델 정확도 분석

We investigated the accuracy in three dimensional geo-positioning derived by four high resolution satellite images acquired by two different sensors using the vendor-provided rational polynomial coefficients(RPC) based block adjustment in this research. We used two in-track stereo pairs of GeoEye-1 and WorldView-2 satellite and DGPS surveying data. In this experiment, we analyzed accuracies of RPC block adjustment models of two kinds of homogeneous stereo pairs, four kinds of heterogeneous stereo pairs, three 3 triplet image pairs, and one quadruplet image pair separately. The result shows that the accuracies of the models are nearly same. The accuracy without any GCPs reaches about CEP(90) 2.3m and LEP(90) 2.5m and the accuracy with single GCP is about CEP(90) 0.3m and LEP(90) 0.5m.

Interaction of Some Aminophosphonic Acids with Urea in Aqueous Solutions at 298.15 K

The enthalpies of solution of aminomethylphosphonic acid (GlyP), 1-aminoethylphosphonic acid (AlaP), and 1-aminopropylphosphonic acid (HalaP) have been measured in water and aqueous urea solutions at 298.15 K. From the obtained experimental results, the standard enthalpies of solution of aminophosphonic acids (AP) in water–urea solutions have been determined. These data were used to calculate the heterogeneous enthalpic pair interaction coefficients based on McMillan–Mayer's formalism. These values were interpreted in the terms of the hydrophobic effect of the side chains of aminophosphonic acids on their interactions with a molecule of urea in water.

Study of the interaction between ethanol and natural amino acids containing ionic side groups in water at T = 298.15 K

The enthalpies of solution of l-α-aspartic acid, l-α-glutamic acid, l-α-arginine, l-α-lysine, and l-α-histidine have been measured in aqueous ethanol solutions at 298.15 K. From the obtained experimental results, the standard enthalpies of solution of amino acids in water–ethanol solutions have been determined. These data were used to calculate the heterogeneous enthalpic pair interaction coefficients based on McMillan–Mayer’s formalism. These values were interpreted in the terms of the ionic or no polar effect of the side chains of l-α-amino acids on their interactions with a molecule of ethanol in water.

Segregation by membrane rigidity in flowing binary suspensions of elastic capsules

Spatial segregation in the wall normal direction is investigated in suspensions containing a binary mixture of neo-Hookean capsules subjected to pressure driven flow in a planar slit. The two components of the binary mixture have unequal membrane rigidities. The problem is studied numerically using an accelerated implementation of the boundary integral method. The effect of a variety of parameters was investigated, including the capillary number, rigidity ratio between the two species, volume fraction, confinement ratio, and number fraction of the more floppy particle Xf in the mixture. It was observed that in suspensions of pure species, the mean wall normal positions of the stiff and the floppy particles are comparable. In mixtures, however, the stiff particles were found to be increasingly displaced toward the walls with increasing Xf, while the floppy particles were found to increasingly accumulate near the centerline with decreasing Xf. This segregation behavior was universally observed independent of the parameters. The origin of this segregation is traced to the effect of the number fraction Xf on the localization of the stiff and the floppy particles in the near wall region--the probability of escape of a stiff particle from the near wall region to the interior is greatly reduced with increasing Xf, while the exact opposite trend is observed for a floppy particle with decreasing Xf. Simple model studies on heterogeneous pair collisions involving a stiff and a floppy particle mechanistically explain the contrasting effect of Xf on the near wall localization of the two species. The key observation in these studies is that the stiff particle experiences much larger cross-stream displacement in heterogeneous collisions than the floppy particle. A unified mechanism incorporating the wall-induced migration of deformable particles away from the wall and the particle fluxes associated with heterogeneous and homogeneous pair collisions is presented.

Masking within and across visual dimensions: Psychophysical evidence for perceptual segregation of color and motion

Visual masking can result from the interference of perceptual signals. According to the principle of functional specialization, interference should be greatest when signal and mask belong to the same visual attribute (e.g., color or motion) and least when they belong to different ones. We provide evidence to support this view and show that the time course of masking is visual attribute specific. First, we show that a color target is masked most effectively by color (homogeneous target-mask pair) and least effectively by motion (heterogeneous pair) and vice versa for a motion target. Second, we show that the time at which the mask is most effective depends strongly on the target-mask pairing. Heterogeneous masking is strongest when the mask is presented before the target (forward masking) but this is not true of homogeneous masking. This finding supports a delayed cross-feature interaction due to segregated processing sites. Third, lengthening the stimulus onset asynchrony between target and mask leads to a faster improvement in color than in motion detectability, lending support for a faster color processing system and consistent with reports of perceptual asynchrony in vision. In summary, we present three lines of psychophysical evidence, all of which support a segregated neural coding scheme for color and motion in the human brain.

Voter models on weighted networks

We study the dynamics of the voter and Moran processes running on top of complex network substrates where each edge has a weight depending on the degree of the nodes it connects. For each elementary dynamical step the first node is chosen at random and the second is selected with probability proportional to the weight of the connecting edge. We present a heterogeneous mean-field approach allowing to identify conservation laws and to calculate exit probabilities along with consensus times. In the specific case when the weight is given by the product of nodes' degree raised to a power θ, we derive a rich phase diagram, with the consensus time exhibiting various scaling laws depending on θ and on the exponent of the degree distribution γ. Numerical simulations give very good agreement for small values of |θ|. An additional analytical treatment (heterogeneous pair approximation) improves the agreement with numerics, but the theoretical understanding of the behavior in the limit of large |θ| remains an open challenge.

Arrestin-Rhodopsin Binding Stoichiometry in Isolated Rod Outer Segment Membranes Depends on the Percentage of Activated Receptors

In the rod cell of the retina, arrestin is responsible for blocking signaling of the G-protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin. The general visual signal transduction model implies that arrestin must be able to interact with a single light-activated, phosphorylated rhodopsin molecule (Rho*P), as would be generated at physiologically relevant low light levels. However, the elongated bi-lobed structure of arrestin suggests that it might be able to accommodate two rhodopsin molecules. In this study, we directly addressed the question of binding stoichiometry by quantifying arrestin binding to Rho*P in isolated rod outer segment membranes. We manipulated the "photoactivation density," i.e. the percentage of active receptors in the membrane, with the use of a light flash or by partially regenerating membranes containing phosphorylated opsin with 11-cis-retinal. Curiously, we found that the apparent arrestin-Rho*P binding stoichiometry was linearly dependent on the photoactivation density, with one-to-one binding at low photoactivation density and one-to-two binding at high photoactivation density. We also observed that, irrespective of the photoactivation density, a single arrestin molecule was able to stabilize the active metarhodopsin II conformation of only a single Rho*P. We hypothesize that, although arrestin requires at least a single Rho*P to bind the membrane, a single arrestin can actually interact with a pair of receptors. The ability of arrestin to interact with heterogeneous receptor pairs composed of two different photo-intermediate states would be well suited to the rod cell, which functions at low light intensity but is routinely exposed to several orders of magnitude more light.

Conductivity regulation of the mixed-valence tetrathiafulvalene nanowire/poly(methyl methacrylate) composites using heterogeneous tetrathiafulvalene derivatives

We describe the influence on the conductivity of the mixed-valence tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites by incorporating heterogeneous TTF derivatives. We prepared the uniformly dispersed PMMA composites from the mixtures containing TTF cation radical and the series of neutral heterogeneous TTF derivatives. From the observation with a scanning electron microscope, it was found that the wire structures were formed in the PMMA films in the presence of heterogeneous TTF derivatives. In addition, the mixed-valence states were observed from the absorption measurements. The significant relationship between the conductivities of the composite films and the differences in oxidation potentials between heterogeneous TTF pairs was observed. The conductivities were observed at 10−2 S cm−1 order from the PMMA composites containing TTF cation radical and heterogeneous TTF derivatives which have similar oxidation potentials. In contrast, the conductivities of the PMMA composites were found at 10−4 S cm−1 order with the gaps of the oxidation potentials between heterogeneous TTF pairs. These results suggest that the TTF derivatives which possess larger oxidation potentials than those of the other coexisting TTF derivatives could work as an energy barrier.

Interactions between several l-α-amino acids and potassium chloride in aqueous solutions at 298.15 K

The enthalpies of solution of l-α-aminobutyric acid, l-α-valine, l-α-leucine, l-α-isoleucine, and l-α-cysteine have been measured in aqueous potassium chloride solutions at 298.15 K. From the obtained experimental results the standard dissolution enthalpies of amino acids in aqueous KCl solutions have been determined. These data were used to calculate the heterogeneous enthalpic pair interaction coefficients based on McMillan–Mayer’s theory. These values were interpreted in the terms of the hydrophobic or hydrophilic effects of the side chains of amino acids on their interactions with dissociated potassium chloride in water.

Enthalpic Interaction Coefficients of Several l-α-Amino Acids in Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solutions at 298.15 K

The enthalpies of solution of L-α-isoteucine, L-α-cysteine, L-α-aspartic acid, and L-α-gtutamic acid have been measured in aqueous sodium chloride solutions at 298.15 K. From the obtained experimental results the standard dissolution enthalpies of amino acids in aqueous NaCl solutions have been determined. These data were used to calculate of the heterogeneous enthalpic pair interaction coefficients based on McMillan-Mayer's theory. These values were interpreted in the terms of the hydrophobic or hydrophilic effects of the side chains of amino acids on their interactions with dissociated sodium chloride in water.

Stereo rectification of uncalibrated and heterogeneous images

In this paper, an algorithm for rectifying heterogeneous and uncalibrated pairs of stereo images is presented. In particular, a pair of images is captured by using a combination of static and dynamic cameras at unequal zoom, thus having different focal lengths and/or image resolutions. The rectification of such pairs of images is made in two steps. In the first step, image shrinking based on focal ratios is performed for compensating the effect of unequal zoom levels followed by a zero padding on the smaller image for making the images of equal size. In the second step, rectification transformations are calculated by solving a nonlinear constrained optimization problem for a given set of pairs of corresponding points (SIFT descriptors) between stereo images. Experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed method and assess the improvements of the proposed method over direct rectification.

Hydrogen-Bonding Strengths in Pyrrolidinyl Peptide Nucleic Acid and DNA Base Pairs: A Density Functional Theory (DFT) Study

The H-bond strengths of the single base pair formed from Pyrrolidinyl Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) and charged as well as neutral Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) were studied using the density functional theory. The B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory was employed for evaluating the binding energies and structural parameters of heterogeneous and homogeneous base pairs. The strongest H-bond strengths were obtained from the heterogeneous base pairs, yielding the binding energies of −29.9 and −18.9 kcal/mol for the PNA-GC-DNA and PNA-AT-DNA base pairs, respectively. In contrast, a dramatic change on the H-bond strengths was observed from the charged homogenous base pairs with the binding energies of −6.2 and +10.2 kcal/mol for the DNA-GC-DNA and DNA-AT-DNA base pairs, respectively. With the neutralization of negative charges in the DNA backbone, the corresponding values of −29.1 and −11.7 kcal/mol were elucidated from the Na-DNA-GC-DNA-Na and Na-DNA-AT-DNA-Na base pairs, respectively, proving that the repulsion between two negative charges in the phosphate backbone plays a significant role to the H-bond interactions in base pairs. In addition, a high specificity and preferential binding between the pyrrolidinyl PNA and DNA base pairs were also observed.

The Effects of Task Type and Group Structure on Meaning Negotiation in Synchronous CMC

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of task types and group structure on interactive negotiation in synchronous computer-mediated communication context and to investigates whether EFL learners' oral and written competence can be improved through text-based interaction. A total of 17 Korean students completed three different tasks using the Daedalus textchat program in a campus computer lab. They were grouped into heterogeneous (high-lower) vs. homogeneous (high-high) pairs. Research instruments include electronic textchat, interviews, student self-reports, a cloze test, an essay writing test, the speaking English proficiency test (SEPT), and questionnaires. Findings of the study show that 1) meaning negotiation was highly productive in the jigsaw task in terms of meaning negotiation quantity; 2) the homogeneous groups were more effective than the heterogeneous groups in light of collaborative learning and affective aspects; and 3) SCMC experience had a positive impact on improving student's writing proficiency rather than oral proficiency.

DAC: A Device-Aware Cache Management Algorithm for Heterogeneous Mobile Storage Systems

In recent years, heterogeneous devices have been employed frequently in mobile storage systems because a combination of such devices can supply a synergistically useful storage solution by taking advantage of each device. One important design constraint in heterogeneous storage systems is to mitigate I/O performance degradation stemming from the difference between access times of different devices. To this end, there has not been much work to devise proper buffer cache management algorithms. This paper presents a novel buffer cache management algorithm which considers both I/O cost per device and workload patterns in mobile computing systems with a heterogeneous storage pair of a hard disk and a NAND flash memory. In order to minimize the total I/O cost under varying workload patterns, the proposed algorithm employs a dynamic cache partitioning technique over different devices and manages each partition according to request patterns and I/O types along with the temporal locality. Trace-based simulations show that the proposed algorithm reduces the total I/O cost and flash write count significantly over the existing buffer cache algorithms on typical mobile traces.

Anesthesia Depth–dependent Features of Electroencephalographic Bicoherence Spectrum during Sevoflurane Anesthesia

Growth pattern in the electroencephalographic bicoherence spectrum has recently been found to relate to anesthetic depth, and bicoherence analysis can reflect behavior of the thalamocortical reverberating network. Because the thalamocortical network is known to represent a key factor in sleep by anesthesia, systematic and qualitative bicoherence studies of different anesthetic depths is necessary throughout all pairs of frequencies. Sixteen patients were anesthetized using sevoflurane (1, 2, or 3%) combined with remifentanil (0.4 microg x kg x min). Raw electroencephalographic signals were collected, and bicoherence was estimated in all pairs of frequencies, between 0.5 and 40 Hz at 0.5-Hz intervals. Sevoflurane (1%) caused two main peaks, spindle frequencies (11.0 +/- 1.2 Hz, 44.7 +/- 12.3% [bicoherence growth]) and delta-theta frequencies (5.4 +/- 0.5 Hz, 33.0 +/- 8.4%), in the diagonal line of biphasic bicoherence plots. High concentrations of sevoflurane (2% and 3%) shifted these peaks to 9.8 +/- 1.1 Hz, 46.2 +/- 12.7%; 8.7 +/- 1.3 Hz, 37.2 +/- 13.7% and 4.9 +/- 0.5 Hz, 44.6 +/- 7.0%; 4.3 +/- 0.8 Hz, 45.2 +/- 10.6%, respectively. Sevoflurane caused a third bicoherence peak to appear in another heterogeneous pair frequency (pair of alpha basal frequency and its double frequency), outside the diagonal line, which also inherited the behavior of alpha bicoherence peaks at different anesthetic depths. Sevoflurane anesthesia caused bicoherence peaks in alpha and delta-theta areas and also formed secondary third peaks. Deeper sevoflurane anesthesia shifted all bicoherence peaks to lower frequencies and caused increased bicoherence growth in the delta-theta area. The obtained features are consistent with characteristics of the thalamocortical reverberating network and suggest the importance of bicoherence analysis for the thalamic system.

A transdisciplinaridade e a educação de jovens e adultos

Tomando-se por base a seguinte máxima transdisciplinar: “do todo em direção às partes e das partes rumo ao todo”, propõem-se neste artigo (em especial no que se refere ao segundo trecho da citação em foco) ações educacionais dirigidas pelas chamadas Duplas Heterogêneas de Professores (DHP), que integram docentes com formação (cada um deles) em disciplinas (partes) diferentes, os quais, trabalhando em conjunto (inclusive com os alunos), no mesmo espaço-tempo pedagógico, buscam/buscariam construir ligações entre os conteúdos pertencentes aos (dois ) campos de conhecimento em questão, efetivando-se um caminhar das partes e de suas mútuas (e múltiplas) conexões em direção ao todo. O público escolhido é/foi o da Educação de Jovens e Adultos EJA (no ambiente da escola pública municipal), pois se acredita que as informações extra-escolares acumuladas pelo estudante jovem/adulto, apesar de sua educação formal deficitária, possam contribuir para que ele estabeleça, se corretamente orientado, relações/ligações intelectuais diversas. Apesar (ou além) das pesquisas exploratórias, em campo, que culminaram com resultados constantes em 5 (cinco) tabelas, predominam, quanto à metodologia adotada neste trabalho, o caminhar teórico.

A Proposal for Evaluation Method of Energy Parameter Values in Cell Model for Thermodynamics of Refining Slag

In the cell model, a thermodynamic model of slag, the fractions of heterogeneous cation pairs are calculated which compose cells with an oxygen atom in between by the minimization of free energy of slag with energy parameters. On the other hand, by using NMR the fractions can be measured. Therefore, a new method can be proposed to evaluate the energy parameter values used in the cell model so that the calculated fractions in the slag with its minimum of free energy coincide with the measurement. The possibility of this evaluation method of energy parameter values was examined by the comparison of bridging oxygen/non-bridging oxygen (BO/NBO) ratio calculated by the cell model with energy parameter assessed elsewhere with measured BO/NBO ratio by NMR. The BO/NBO ratios of three SiO2–Al2O3–CaO slags with different basicities calculated by the use of cell model with energy parameter values assessed elsewhere were 42.5/57.5, 45/55 and 70/30, respectively. On the other hand, from 17OMAS spectrum and 27Al→17O CP/MAS spectrum of the same slags fully labeled and calcinated at 1600 centigrade degree, the ratios of BO/NBO in the slags were determined as 48.5/51.5, 42/58 and 76/24, respectively. This agreement supports the energy parameter values assessed elsewhere and gives a good expectation to the proposed method.

Heterogeneous interaction between zwitterions of some l-α-amino acids and ethanol molecule in water at 298.15 K

Dissolution enthalpies of l-α-aminobutyric acid, l-α-isoleucine, l-α-serine, l-α-threonine and l-α-cysteine in water and aqueous ethanol solutions have been measured by calorimetry at a temperature of 298.15 K. The obtained results were used to calculate the enthalpic heterogeneous pair interaction coefficients between zwitterions of amino acids and a molecule of ethanol in water. These values were interpreted in the terms of the hydrophobic or hydrophilic effects of the side chains of amino acids on their interactions with a polar molecule of ethanol in water.

Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions in Peptide Nucleic Acid and Deoxyribonucleic Acid: A Comparative Study

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a synthetic analogue of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) capable of tightly binding to itself and DNA with high specificity. Using hybrid density functional methods, hydrogen-bond (H-bond) strengths have been evaluated for isolated Watson-Crick base pairs, PNA base pairs, and charged as well as neutral DNA base pairs. Heterogeneous base pairs of PNA with charged and neutral DNA have also been investigated. The competing effects of short-range H-bonding and long-range Coulombic repulsions in charged DNA base pairs have been analyzed. Polarizable continuum models have been employed to evaluate solvation effects on the binding energies.

Enthalpic Pair Interaction Coefficient between Zwitterions of l-α-Amino Acids and Urea Molecule as a Hydrophobicity Parameter of Amino Acid Side Chains

Dissolution enthalpies of L-alpha-proline, L-alpha-tyrosine, L-alpha-tryptophan, L-alpha-histidyne, L-alpha-arginine, L-alpha-lysine, L-aspartic acid, and L-alpha-glutamic acid in aqueous solutions of urea have been measured by calorimetry at a temperature of 298.15 K. The values of dissolution enthalpy were used to determine enthalpic heterogeneous pair interaction coefficients between the zwitterions of the natural amino acids and a molecule of urea in water solution. These coefficients were interpreted in terms of the hydrophobic or hydrophilic effects of the side chains of amino acids on their interactions with a polar molecule of urea in water.