Retroperitoneal T-cell lymphoma with cystitis and megacolon in a young feline leukaemia virus-positive cat.

An antitumoral fraction with casearin-like diterpenes exhibits potent acute anti-inflammatory effectiveness and systemic subchronic toxicity.

Trichosomoides crassicauda (T. crassicauda) is a nematode inhabiting the urinary bladder of wild and laboratory rats. Although often considered nonpathogenic, it can cause haemorrhagic cystitis, renal haemorrhages, and urinary calculi, thereby influencing interpretation of research findings. Here is the report of T. crassicauda infection in a laboratory rat colony in Bangladesh, emphasizing clinical features, diagnostic findings, and preventive measures. Infection was controlled through strict hygienic measures, along with treatment of infected and non-infected colonies using ivermectin, supplemented with iron, vitamin B complex, and zinc. Bang. vet. 2025. Vol. 42, No. 1 – 2, 38 – 43

Ketamine-Induced Cholangiopathy With Concomitant Hemorrhagic Cystitis: An Emerging and Underrecognized Cause of Cholestasis

BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis (BKV-HC) still remains a life-threatening complication after Hematopoietic Stem Cell transplantation (HSCT). In this study, we analyzed a possible nosocomial transmission of BK virus (BKV) in a pediatric HSCT clinic. All the information of 131 patients who had HSCT in Akdeniz University Hospital pediatric HSCT clinic between July 2019 and July 2022 was screened for BKV-HC. Twenty-six patients developed BKV-HC and 21 of them were related to the nosocomial transmission. Phylogenetic investigation was conducted on a total of 19 patients, comprising 15 pediatric cases believed to be associated with nosocomial transmission. All the patients had BKV DNA positivity in their urine samples and 17 of them also had BKV-HC. A region approximately 677 bp in length was sequenced and after alignment, phylogenetic analysis was done. In phylogenetic analysis, three clusters including 11, 5, and 3 patients having identical sequences were formed. To our knowledge, this is the biggest BKV-HC nosocomial transmission seen among HSCT patients. Nosocomial BKV transmission affecting HSCT patients was proven with phylogenetic and statistical analysis. Furthermore, this study presented a novel finding, describing two HSCT patients affected by nosocomial transmission, evidenced by the presence of BKV-DNA in their urine samples, who had not developed HC. This observation marks the first documented instance of such cases within the context of nosocomial transmission of BKV.

BK polyomavirus (BKV) causes polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (BKV-nephropathy) and polyomavirus-associated haemorrhagic cystitis following kidney transplantation and allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. BKV strains consist of four distinct genotypes (BKV-I, -II, -III and -IV), with more than 80% of individuals seropositive for the BKV-I genotype and lower prevalences of infection or co-infection with the other genotypes. BKV-nephropathy occurs widely in immunosuppressed transplant recipients, with the recommended treatment including reduction of immunosuppressive drugs. High serum titres of BKV-neutralizing antibodies and treatment with BKV-neutralizing intravenous immunoglobulin are associated with reduced levels of BKV-DNAemia in kidney transplant recipients, suggesting anti-BKV antibodies can limit viral load. Thus, we set out to generate broadly neutralizing human mAbs against the viral protein 1 (VP1) major capsid protein of BKV genotypes I–IV using VelocImmune® transgenic mice that encode for human immunoglobulins. Hybridoma clones from VelocImmune® mice immunized with combinations of BKV I–IV VP1 and respective genotypes of BKV pseudoviruses (BK-PsVs) were screened using a high-throughput binding assay against BKV-I VP1 expressed in HEK-293 cells. The VP1-binding hybridoma clones were then assessed for neutralization with BK-PsV consisting of respective VP1 proteins from BKV-I, -II, -III or -IV on the virion surface. Overall, 36 broadly cross-neutralizing mAbs against BKV-I, -II, -III and -IV were identified. Importantly, 20 of the cross-reactive immunoglobulins were subjected to nucleotide sequencing, resulting in 6 clonotype families with 14 genetically distinct immunoglobulins. Several of the most effective mAbs were fully humanized with the IgG1 Fc domain with broad neutralization of BK-PsV-I, -II, -III and -IV genotypes with IC50s ranging from ~7 to 200 pM. Thus, these cross-neutralizing mAbs represent potential biologics to be developed into BKV therapeutics.

Transitioning historically inpatient chemotherapy regimens to outpatient administration can reduce hospital stays, resource use, and healthcare expenditures while improving patient quality of life. However, agents like ifosfamide, commonly used in sarcoma, often necessitate inpatient administration for close monitoring of adverse effects. The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (FHCC) sarcoma group has developed criteria for outpatient ifosfamide administration after one successful inpatient administration. Nevertheless, there remains a paucity of literature characterizing the safety profile of outpatient ifosfamide administration. This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study that included adults 18 years and older with a diagnosis of sarcoma receiving an ifosfamide-based regimen in the outpatient setting at FHCC between March 2021 and September 2024. The primary outcome was a composite proportion of grade 3 or higher ifosfamide-related neurotoxicity, hemorrhagic cystitis, febrile neutropenia, and uncontrolled nausea or vomiting. Secondary outcomes included days of hospitalization saved with outpatient administration. A total of 12 patients met the inclusion criteria. The most common outpatient treatment regimen was AIM (42%) followed by IE (25%) and VDC-IE (25%). Out of a total of 53 outpatient cycles, 15 cycles (28.3%) across 4 patients (33.3%) had at least 1 grade 3 or higher adverse effect of interest included in the primary outcome. A total of 257 hospitalization days were saved with outpatient administration, resulting in an estimated cost savings of $987,651. Overall, among sarcoma patients meeting the FHCC outpatient ifosfamide criteria, administration of ifosfamide in the outpatient setting is safe with considerable cost savings to the institution.

A rapid immunochromatographic assay for the detection of BK Polyomavirus in urine samples from hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

Low-Dose Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide in Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation: A Systematic Review.

Genitourinary Radiation Injury: A Mixed-Methods Study Exploring Patient-Reported Outcomes and Impact on Quality of Life.

Microfilaruria of morphologically identified Dirofilaria repens and Brugia spp. in one cat and two dogs: Case series.

Background: Viral reactivations frequently complicate unrelated donor (UD) and haploidentical (HI) stem cell transplants (SCTs). We analyzed incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of viral reactivations in alternative donor transplants at our center.Methods: This retrospective study included all cases of UD or HI transplants performed between January 1, 2009 and February 29, 2020. We identified 196 viral reactivations in 87 patients in this cohort.Results: The incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and adenovirus (ADV) reactivation was 80.5, 36.7, and 26%, respectively. CMV colitis was observed in six patients (8.5%). Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was a significant risk factor for CMV reactivation. Four patients (5%) developed ADV disease requiring treatment with cidofovir. Anti-thymocyte globulin use and acute GVHD were significant risk factors for ADV reactivation. Mild hemorrhagic cystitis due to BK virus was observed in 32% patients. However, significant cystitis requiring intervention was seen in only four patients. Two patients developed EBV-related lymphoproliferative disorder and one patient experienced human herpes virus 6-related graft failure. Viral reactivations had no impact on overall survival.Conclusions: The incidence of CMV reactivation in alternative donor HSCTs is high (80%) in the Indian population. Acute GVHD is a significant risk factor for CMV, ADV, or EBV reactivation. The rates of ADV, BK virus, and EBV reactivation requiring intervention are low. Better prophylactic strategies are required to prevent CMV reactivation in alternative donor transplants.

Acetylcholine (ACh) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are the major neurotransmitters in bladder contraction. This study investigates the modulatory role of some prostanoids in cholinergic and purinergic pathways in normal and cystitis. Cystitis was induced in rats by cyclophosphamide single injection (300mg/kg) and confirmed histopathologically. Organ bath experiments were implemented using isolated detrusor muscles. Bladder contraction was induced by electrical stimulation and by ACh or ATP direct addition. Cystitis attenuated bladder contractility. Alprostadil and selexipag amplified neurogenic and cholinergic contractions in normal and inflamed bladder. The neurogenic contractions amplification was higher in cystitis with 54.63 ± 42.11% compared to 18.77 ± 5.98% in normal at 10-7M selexipag. While cholinergic contraction amplification was higher in cystitis using selexipag and alprostadil, the amplifying effect of 10-6M alprostadil was 21.07 ± 15.07% and 128.02 ± 76.61% and the amplifying effect of 10-6M selexipag was 39.51 ± 19.72% and 227.6 ± 229.59% in normal and cystitis respectively. At higher concentrations, selexipag and alprostadil amplified purinergic contractions in normal bladder. RO1138452 inhibited neurogenic and cholinergic contractions in normal and inflamed bladder, with less inhibition of cholinergic contractions in inflamed bladder with 26.6 ± 20.72% compared to 54.22 ± 19.6% in normal. The same was observed using SC51322 but cholinergic contraction inhibition was not significant in normal. Both antagonists inhibited purinergic contractions in normal. S18886 inhibited purinergic contractions in normal bladder. EP1 and IP receptors may play a role in bladder contraction. TP receptor is involved in purinergic signaling in normal physiology. Selexipag and alprostadil may have a potential beneficial action in cystitis and merit further investigation.

The clinical management of hemorrhagic cystitis remains challenging because of persistent inflammation and bladder mucosal barrier disruption. Although intravesical therapies, such as quercetin and hyaluronic acid (HA), show potential, their efficacy is limited by rapid urinary clearance. Hydrogels offer potential as sustained-release drug carriers and protective barriers, yet designing adhesive hydrogels with optimal wet tissue adhesion, controlled degradation, and regulation of anti-inflammation remains difficult. Here it is aimed to develop a supramolecular gelatin-based hydrogel adhesive (HADA/gelatin/Ac-β-CD/quercetin, HGCQ) that combines acrylated β-cyclodextrin as a dynamic crosslinker and hydrophobic drug carrier with dopamine-functionalized HA for enhanced tissue adhesion and antioxidant functionality. The HGCQ hydrogel exhibits controlled degradation in artificial urine with sustained quercetin release over 48h, exceptional burst pressure tolerance of up to 18.8kPa on the bladder, and rapid hemostatic capability with a clotting time of 15 s. Crucially, HGCQ demonstrates comprehensive therapeutic effects including pro-angiogenic potential, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy, potent reactive oxygen species scavenging with a clearance of 600 µm H2O2, and anti-inflammatory activity mediated by nuculear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/interleukin (IL)-17 pathways. In hemorrhagic cystitis models, HGCQ restores urothelial barrier function, promotes collagen III deposition, and reduces inflammation, making a significant advancement in managing this condition with potential applications in other wound healing scenarios.

Outcomes of standard versus reduced-doses post-transplant cyclophosphamide prophylaxis in matched sibling donor allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant: A retrospective study at a single tertiary center in Saudi Arabia

Development and validation of a machine Learning–Based clinical prediction model for hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in thalassemia major

Low-dose post-transplant cyclophosphamide for GvHD prophylaxis in haploidentical stem cell transplantation: A systematic review of efficacy, toxicity, and survival outcomes

A novel reduce toxity myeloablative conditioning regimen f-BMT improves efficacy and safety of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia: A multicenter clinical trial

Safety and feasibility of outpatient myeloablative total marrow and lymphoid Irradiation–based allogeneic transplantation in adults with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Efficacy of thiotepa-containing conditioning regimens and mucositis burden in allogeneic HSCT for relapsed/refractory acute leukemia with extramedullary disease