Helminth Infestation Research Articles

A Retrospective Analysis of Intestinal Helminthic Infestations at a Tertiary Care Center in South India

A Retrospective Analysis of Intestinal Helminthic Infestations at a Tertiary Care Center in South India

Enterobius Vermicularis Unusual Cause of Appendicitis: A Case Report

Abdominal pain is common in children (under 18 years) with a strong female preponderance in those aged over 8 years. Of those presenting with acute abdominal pain requiring inpatient assessment, only 25% have acute appendicitis. Pinworms are the most common helminth infection in the USA and Western Europe, with prevalence rates in some communities of as high as 30-50%. Pinworms generally live in the gastrointestinal tract, and helminth infestations have been noted in over one-quarter of acute appendectomies on histologic examination. Acute appendicitis is one of the most common emergent surgeries. Generally, appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix. The medical procedure for the departure of the reference area is called an appendectomy. Appendectomy can be performed through an open or laparoscopic medical procedure, and it is the most effective way to prevent complications is to remove the inflamed appendix early by open surgery or laparoscopically. This case was a 14 years old female with abdominal pain and acute appendicitis that underwent surgery shows Occiur patch was the cause of her signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis that performed resection of appendix and discharge healthy. The present study presents a classic case of parasitic appendicitis in a teenage girl and discusses the clinical features, treatment and global burden of disease. Atypical presentations may indicate an unusual anatomical placement of the appendix. Preoperative diagnosis using cross-sectional computed tomography imaging and a thorough understanding of these situations frequently result in early diagnosis and expeditious surgical care. EV was seen in 9.8% of pediatric appendectomies in our study. Pruritus anus, normal WBC count, normal neutrophil count, and normal CRP level at presentation could predict EV infection in children who present with right iliac fossa pain. E. vermicularis is responsible for 7% of acute appendicitis. It is responsible for a significantly higher negative appendectomy rate which if predicted may avoid unnecessary appendectomy and associated morbidity. Enterobius vermicularis associated appendicular colic and acute appendicitis are rarely encountered in the United States. The high rate of inflammation on pathology found among our patients with pinworm appendicitis suggests an association with presentation as acute appendicitis. Enterobius vermicularis is known to be associated with appendicitis, however a causal relationship between Enterobius and appendicitis has not been established. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between appendiceal Enterobius and histologic appendicitis. Enterobius-associated appendicitis cases and compare them with acute appendicitis cases in terms of parameters such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP)-to-lymphocyte ratio (CLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). Enterobius vermicularis infections are usually asymptomatic and may only cause anal pruritis, with occasional reported cases of ectopic migration into the appendix or the female genital tract by adult pinworms.

Gut microbiota and bacterial associations in monkeys with gastrointestinal diseases in the setting of helminth infestation

Gut microbiota and bacterial associations in monkeys with gastrointestinal diseases in the setting of helminth infestation

COMPLEX RESEARCH EXPEDITION “CRILLON 2023”: FIRST FINDINGS AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS

In August 2023, a comprehensive expedition “Crillon 2023” was performed, covering both terrestrial and marine biotopes in the southeastern part of the Crillon Peninsula (Sakhalin Island, Russia). A group of specialists carried out field work in ichthyology, invertebrate zoology, entomology, botany, lichenology, bryology, mycology, parasitology, microbiology and marine biology. In the scarcely studied territory of the southeastern part of the peninsula, a notable amount of data on species diversity was collected, including more than 200 species of plants, 101 species of lichens, 74 species of mosses, 117 species of basidial macromycetes were recorded. Marine coastal communities of the littoral and sublittoral zones were studied, and diving methods were exploited. As many as 119 species of invertebrates and 20 species of seaweed have been recorded. Information was collected on 20 species of fish, including data on helminth infestation. Parasitological studies included the search for microsporidia in all available animal hosts, as well as the search for root crayfish - parasites of arthropods. Among the animals and plants found, there are rare and endangered species included in the regional and federal Red Books, as well as those previously not recorded for Sakhalin. The preliminary results obtained indicate great potential for further study of the eastern part of the peninsula from the standpoint of biological sciences, as well as the prospects for establishment a biological station in this area for long-term research and development.

Study on prevalence of helminth infestation and anthelmintic resistance in calves in semi-arid subtropical region of lower Gangetic plains

Study on prevalence of helminth infestation and anthelmintic resistance in calves in semi-arid subtropical region of lower Gangetic plains

A survey of gastrointestinal helminth infestation in smallholder backyard pigs and the first molecular identification of the two zoonotic helminths Ascaris suum and Trichuris suis in Myanmar

BackgroundParasitic infestations have a substantial economic impact on pig production. This study aimed to investigate the gastrointestinal (GI) helminths in pigs and to molecularly characterise two important nematodes, Ascaris and Trichuris species.Materials and methodsA total of 500 pig faecal samples were collected from small holder backyard pig farms in five townships within Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar. Microscopic examination was conducted to estimate the prevalence of GI helminth infestation in the pigs. DNA extraction and PCR were performed on faecal samples that were morphologically positive for Ascaris and Trichuris eggs. Molecular analysis was then conducted to characterise A. suum and T. suis, the most common and zoonotic helminths.ResultsAccording to microscopic examination, 69.2% (346/500) were positive for GI helminth eggs. The GI helminth species observed were A. suum, Strongyle, Strongyloides spp., T. suis, Metastrongylus spp., Hyostrongylus spp., Fasciolopsis spp., Paragonimus spp., and Schistosoma spp., with occurrences of 34.8%, 29.6%, 21.4%, 20.0%, 4.0%, 1.6%, 1.0%, 1.0%, and 0.4%, respectively. Mixed infections of GI helminths were noted in 31.0% of the samples. Overall, sampled pigs excreted mostly low levels (< 100 EPG) or moderate levels (> 100–500 EPG) of GI helminth eggs. The highest mean EPG for each parasite species was noted in A. suum. The presence of A. suum and T. suis was confirmed molecularly. The sequences of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of A. suum showed high similarity with previously reported sequences. Likewise, the sequences of T. suis exhibited high similarity with the sequences reported from humans and pigs. Age was noted as an associated factor (P < 0.05) for GI helminth infection status.ConclusionsIn this report, A. suum and T. suis were molecularly identified for the first time in Myanmar. It is important to extend the information among the farmers to be aware of the necessity of preventing zoonotic parasites by practicing regular deworming, proper use of anthelmintics and maintaining hygienic conditions in their pig farms.

Prevalence of Ecto-Parasitic Fauna in Silver Catfish (Bagrusbajad) from Zobe Reservoir, Katsina State

Fish parasitic infections inflict a most importanteconomic concern on fish farming industries. Helminthic infestations can cause a variety of fitness difficulties as well as economic sufferings for fishing populations. Prevalence of ecto-parasites fauna in silver catfish Bagrusbayad from Zobe reservoir, Katsina Nigeriawas inspected to comprehend the healthiness conditionof the fish, possibledanger to their existence as well asprotection of consumption of fish from the water body.The current study was undertaken between August and October, 2023 to determine the prevalence of fish ecto-parasites of Bagrusbajad and the associated risk factors in Zobereservoir Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria. A total number of108 fish samples were collected and examined from Zobe reservoir. The fish was identified as well as separated based on their sex before being transferred live to the Fish Biology laboratory, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State for additional evaluation. Out of 108 fish samples from Zobe, 88 were male and 20 were female. Fish parasites recovered and their prevalence among Bagrusbajad obtained from Zobe reservoir includes; Tricodinaspp 17 (68%), and Gyrodactylusspp 8 (32%). The prevalence of parasites recovered from the fish species in this study was low. In conclusion, Bagrusbajad from Zobe reservoir were infected by parasites that are of economic importance. The findings suggest that the observed parasitic infections may adversely affect Bagrusbajad and if not well managed, could also infect human beings who consume the fish. It is therefore recommended that communities along the reservoir should desist from activities likely to increase parasite load, also, the part organs of harvested fishes from the study area should be discarded rather than consume to prevent zoonotic diseases.

Parasitic infestations in children in a metropolis

Even when asymptomatic, intestinal parasitosis can have a significant impact on the health of children. Materials and methods. An analysis of the medical documentation of the children's clinic for 2016—2023 was carried out. Results. It has been established that enterobiasis dominates in children living in St. Petersburg (87.8%—98.8%), the proportion of ascariasis and giardiasis in different years did not exceed 5.2% and 10.0%, respectively. The maximum proportion of those affected by E. vermicularis (50.6%—66.8%) and Giardia (67.3%) was in the age group of 7—14 years, while ascariasis most often affected children 3—6 years old (51.7%). Enterobiasis was more often recorded during annual preventive examinations (September-November) (52.0%—65.9%), ascariasis was detected at a later date — November-January (41.5%), the largest number of episodes of giardiasis was observed in the spring months (53.9%). If helminthic infestations in all cases were asymptomatic and were discovered by chance during a microscopic examination of feces, then in the case of giardiasis, 46.2% of those infected complained of abdominal pain (42.3%), discomfort after eating (25.0%), diarrhea/constipation (21.2%), bloating (19.2%), frequent belching of air (13.5%). Thus, a single microscopic examination of feces is not very informative. Knowledge of the clinical and epidemiological features of parasitic infestations will allow the pediatrician to conduct an in-depth examination of the child to decide on antiparasitic treatment

Helminth Infestation Causing Anaemia in Pregnancy Attending Primary Care Clinic: A Case Report

Anaemia in pregnancy is among the commonest medical disorders encountered antenatally. However, the condition has sometimes been overlooked and not corrected accordingly given wrong or unidentified exact causes. Helminth infestation, even though rare generally nowadays, is still an important cause that needs to be ruled out in case of anaemia. We reported a case of an antenatal woman who presented with unresolved anaemia. However, she benefited from the helminth infestation screening and was able to be treated well. Her condition tremendously improved after the eradication of the infection. This case highlighted that anaemia should always include stool for ova and cyst despite no convincing history towards the infection. The symptoms could be mild or even not recognised.

Protozoan and helminths infestation of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and its correlation with certain water quality variables along river Nile in the area of Greater Cairo

Pollutants and parasites represent stressors for fish at the individual, population, or community levels. The current study outlines the seasonal infestation pattern of Oreochromis niloticus by protozoan and helminths parasites linked to some physicochemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity), and metals (Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn, and Ca), at nine selected sites in River Nile (Greater Cairo area) from summer 2019 till spring 2020. Most of the studied criteria in Nile water samples showed normal levels during all seasons compared to the recommended limits of EPA. The parasitological examinations recorded three protozoan categories: Myxobolus (8 species), hemoflagellates (Trypanosoma mukasi) and Ciliates (Trichodina compacta), and three helminths; Clinostomum sp., Acanthocephala sp. and Euclinostomum ardeola. The highest incidence of infection was determined for Clinostomum sp., followed in descending order by Myxobolus sp., Acanthocephala sp., T. mukasi, E. ardeolathen, and T. compacta. Notably, this study introduces the novel identification of new species of Myxobolus in the blood of Oreochromis niloticus. The histopathological examination of gills, muscles, and kidneys reveals serious changes and the presence of encysted trematodes, metacercariae, and cysts of protozoan parasites. Additionally, the study employs cluster analysis based on site similarity in water variables and canonical correspondence analysis, explaining 98.7 % of the variables and indicating correlations between parasite infestation and environmental factors. These analytical approaches reveal the impact of land use activities on water variables and the influence of adjacent activities on fish parasite infestation patterns. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive perspective by considering various factors to enhance our understanding of pollutants and parasites affecting fish in the River Nile.

Socio-economic Correlates of Intestinal Helminthiasis Infestation in Children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Presenting in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-ozalla, Enugu

Background: Children infected with Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be more prone to helminthic infestation and this may be modified by their socio-demographic and hygiene-related variables. Objectives: This study was aimed at eliciting the various socioeconomic correlates that affect helminth infections among children with HIV and comparing it with their normal counterparts who had no HIV. Methods: A cross-sectional study where a total of 140 subjects including 70 HIV-infected children and 70 children without HIV infection. They were consecutively recruited from the Paediatric HIV clinic and matched for age and sex with. Results: Socio-economic class, area of residence, hygienic practices such as method of feacal disposal, hand washing practices and footwear practices were significantly associated with helminthic infestation at the bivariate level of analysis (p &lt; 0.05). Using bivariate analysis, of the independent variables that were significant at the bivariate analysis, only lower socioeconomic class was an independent predictor of helminthic infestation (AOR = 6.403, 95% CI: 1.303 to 31.469) Conclusion: Socio-demographic and hygiene-related risk factors are similar in HIV-positive and negative children. However, lower socioeconomic status is an independent predictor of helminthic intestinal infestation after controlling for potential confounders such as age and gender.

Clinical case of acute hepatitis in a patient with ascariasis

Helminthiases are fairly widespread human parasitic diseases caused by various lower worms - helminths. In the Russian Federation, more than 4.5 million cases of helminthiasis were registered in 2016. According to the WHO Expert Committee, ascariasis affects about 900 million people in the world every year, most of whom are children of preschool and school age. In the Russian Federation, 24,115 cases of ascariasis were registered in 2015. The true prevalence of helminthiasis is much higher. In recent decades, there has been an increase in and manifestation of new helminth infestations as a result of changes in economic and socio-economic conditions, increased migration, and the introduction of helminths, common in countries with tropical and subtropical climates, to Russia. The possibility of a patient having one or another type of helminthiasis is practically not taken into account in clinical practice, which leads to incorrect diagnosis, the development of complications of the disease, and its transition to a chronic form. As a rule, helminthiases are relatively asymptomatic, but in some cases their local manifestations come to the fore clinically and the disease occurs under the guise of infectious and non-infectious diseases.

Pattern and Prevalence of Intestinal Helminthiasis among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu State.

Children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be more prone to helminthic infestation because they have depleted immunity, which increases their susceptibility to infection and infestations, even with minimally pathogenic organisms such as helminths. The prevalence and pattern of intestinal helminthiasis among children living with HIV attending the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu. A cross-sectional study in which 70 HIV-infected children were consecutively recruited from the Pediatric HIV clinic and matched for age and sex with 70 children recruited from the children outpatient clinic (CHOP) of UNTH Ituku-Ozalla. Stool samples of study participants were collected and analyzed using the Kato-Katz method and subsequently examined under the microscope for helminths' eggs and larvae. The worm intensity was determined using the theoretical analytic sensitivity (TAS) of 24 eggs per gram (EPG) to obtain the number of eggs per gram of feces. The CD4+ count, which describes the severity of immunosuppression in HIV-positive children was determined using the PARTEC Cyflow counter for the CD4+ lymphocyte count, whereas HIV screening was performed using the rapid diagnostic tests for HIV (Determine, Statpack and Unigold). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS. The prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis among HIV-infected and non-infected children was 27.1% and 12.9%, respectively (P = 0.038). HIV-positive children were more likely to have intestinal helminthiasis than HIV-negative children (odds ratio [OR] =2.525, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.052-6.063). Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant helminthic species in both HIV-infected and non-infected groups; however, there was no statistical significance between intestinal helminthic species and HIV status (P = 0.655) but the severity of intestinal helminthiasis was significantly associated with decreasing CD4+ count (P = 0.028). The risk factors for intestinal helminthic infestation examined were similar in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative children (P > 0.05). There was a significantly higher prevalence of helminthic infestation among HIV-infected children compared to their HIV-negative counterparts. The severity of intestinal helminthiasis was significantly associated with decreasing CD4+ count.

Strongyloides stercoralis Infestation Manifesting as Protein Losing Enteropathy and Dyselectrolytaemia in an Immunocompetent Adult: A Case Report

Strongyloides stercoralis is an intestinal nematode which persists as chronic asymptomatic infection for several years. Clinical manifestations become apparent long after initial infection which includes non specific gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms like pain abdomen, nausea, vomiting, altered bowel habits or weight loss. Larval reproduction can lead to disseminated infection in the immunocompromised. Very rarely, hyperinfection or disseminated strongyloides can lead to ulceration, bleeding, small bowel obstruction, colitis or ascites. In severe cases, electrolyte disturbances and protein losing enteropathy may occur. We present a unique case of intestinal infestation of Strongyloides stercoralis in a 42-year-old immunocompetent male with a rare manifestation of protein losing enteropathy and dyselectrolytaemia without any GI symptoms at the outset, whose presentation was anasarca and initial investigations including work-up for cardiovascular, hepatic and renal causes of anasarca were unremarkable except for hypoalbuminaemia and electrolyte abnormalities and notable absence of peripheral eosinophilia. The diagnosis was arrived at by simple and conventional investigations like stool microscopy which demonstrated the Strongyloides larvae and upper GI endoscopy aided the biopsy which was confirmatory. He responded to appropriate medical treatment. Helminthic infestation should be kept in mind as a rare cause of malabsorption syndrome manifesting as protein losing enteropathy in a tropical and endemic country like India. These are treatable causes and respond to specific cost-effective antihelminthic treatments.

Evidence of helminthic infestation and efficacy of anthelminthic treatment in children investigated for eosinophilia

Background/Aim. The cause of eosinophilia often remains unelucidated. The aim of the study was to analyze causes and treatment approaches in children with eosinophilia in pediatric tertiary care hospital. Methods. The medical records of children investigated for eosinophilia (based on the International Classification of Diseases code D72.1) were retrospectively reviewed in the University Children?s Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia, from December 2011 to December 2022. A total of 105 children (62 boys; male:female ratio was 1:4) aged one month to 16.5 years (median 7.7 years) were diagnosed with eosinophilia. After excluding 15 of them due to incorrectly assigned diagnosis based on relative eosinophil number only, the remaining 90 children were grouped according to the severity of eosinophilia (mild, moderate or severe). Results. Serological analysis confirmed toxocariasis in six (6.7%) patients, while two (2.2%) had a confirmed nematode infestation (Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis, respectively). Thirty-two (35.6%) children with eosinophilia and three with no true eosinophilia were diagnosed with helminthiasis ex juvantibus. Eosinophilia was ultimately explained by allergic/atopic conditions [19 (21.1%)], drug reactions [four (4.4%)], bacterial infections [nine (8.9%)], hematological problems [five (5.5%)], autoimmune disorders [three (3.3%)], unrelated congenital disorders (one), or as an isolated finding [seven (7.8%)]. In addition, one of the children without an increased absolute eosinophil number was diagnosed with eosinophilic esophagitis. A total of 56 (53.3%) children received anthelminthic treatment: 9 (90.0%) with severe eosinophilia, 19 (51.4%) with moderate, 23 (53.5%) with mild, and 5 (33.3%) children with no true eosinophilia. Most (42) of the children were given mebendazole only, while the remaining 14 (eight with severe, three with moderate, and three with mild) were also initially treated with mebendazole but subsequently shifted to albendazole due to the persistence of eosinophilia. In all treated children, eosinophilia and other relevant findings (if any) subsided in a matter of a few days to a few weeks after initializing treatment. Conclusion. Our results support the recommendation that unexplained eosinophilia of all levels of severity requires a standardized diagnostic approach. The results also provide some support for a potential rational basis for ex juvantibus administration of anthelminthic drugs in a fraction of children with eosinophilia without an obvious etiological explanation.

Helminth fauna of saffron cod &lt;i&gt;Eleginus gracilis&lt;/i&gt; in the coastal waters of the Magadan Region (northern coast of the Okhotsk Sea)

Results of parasitological investigation of saffron cod Eleginus gracilis Tilesius, 1810 are presented. The fish samples were collected in 6 distanced marine areas at the coast of Magadan Region, generally corresponded with local stocks or herds of this species. In total, 29 helminth species are identified, including 8 cestodes, 11 trematodes, 5 nematodes, and 5 acanthocephalans. The highest species diversity of helminths is detected for the saffron cod from the Odyan Bay (24 species) and the lowest – for the saffron cod from the Amakhton Bay (16 species). Occurrence and intensity of infestation is the highest for trematodes Hemiurus levinseni, Podocotyle reflexa, and Brachyphallus crenatus, nematodes Ascarophis pacifica, and acanthocephalans Echinorhynchus gadi and Corynosoma strumosum. The number of detected worm species is close to the total number of these parasites recorded for saffron cod in the Far-Eastern Seas and adjacent Pacific – 33 species (excluding monogeneans). Cestodes Diplocotyle olrikii, trematodes Bucephaloides iskaensis, and acanthocephalans Bolbosoma caenoforme are registered for the first time for saffron cod in the Okhotsk Sea. There is found for the first time in the studied area that saffron cod is a definitive host for trematodes Steganoderma formosum and a paratenic host for acanthocephalans Andracantha mergi. Eight species dangerous from medical and (or) veterinary point are detected: Nybelinia surmenicola, Diphyllobothrium sp., Pyramicocephalus phocarum, Anisakis simplex, Pseudoterranova decipiens, Bolbosoma caenoforme, Corynosoma semerme, and C. strumosum. The data on helminth infestation are not useful for differentiation of the saffron cod sub-populations in the northern Okhotsk Sea because of almost permanent partial mixing of these groups.

Characterization of infestation and structure of horse helminth complexes in the provinces of the Altai Mountains

The purpose of the study was to investigate the infestation and structural features of the helminth complexes of horses in the provinces of the Altai Mountains which differ significantly in natural, climatic and orographic conditions of the area. Fecal samples from spontaneously helminth-infested animals of the Central, Northern, Western and South-Eastern Altai Mountains were examined by ovolarvoscopic methods with the following calculation of occurrence indices (invasion intensity – II, level of invasion intensity – IIlevel), infestation intensity (abundance index – AI, level of abundance index – AIlevel) and parasitocomplex index (PI). The results of long-term studies (2019–2023) indicate that parasites of two classes are involved in the formation of the helminth complex of the digestive system of horses in the Altai Mountains: Nematoda (suborders Strongylata, Ascaridata, Rhabditata, and Ochycrata) and Cestoda (suborder Anoplocephalata). Strongylates dominate in the nosological profile of helminthoses in all provinces: the degree of their infestation among animals and their proportion in the helminth complexes (II = 68.6–93.1%, PI = 86.0–90.5) are significantly higher than the same indicators for the suborder Ascaridata (II = 6.2–16.5%, PI = 4.6–8.1) and for the cestodes of the suborder Anoplocephalata (II = 2.5–11.8%, PI = 2.1–5.8). Against the background of ubiquitous distribution of the main helminths of the gastrointestinal tract of horses in the conditions of physiographic provinces, differences in the structure of helminth complexes and intensity of helminth infestation of animals are observed. The level of infestation of horses in the Central Altai with strongyles is significantly higher relative to the infestation of the animals in the Northern and Western Altai. The infestation of ungulates of South-Eastern Altai with strongylates (II = 68.6%) and anoplocephalates (II = 2.5%, PI = 2.1) is minimal and, respectively, 1.5 and 2.8–4.7 times lower than in other provinces. However, there are significant intrazonal differences in the nematode infestation of horses – their infestation in the mountain-forest zone of the South-Eastern Altai is comparable to that in the Central Altai and is significantly higher than in the high-mountain steppe zone. At the same time, the IIlevel and AIlevel indices for horses of the high-mountain steppe zone of the South-Eastern Altai are statistically lower than in the animals of the Northern and Central Altai. It was found that the level of infection and the structure of helminth complexes of horses are mainly determined by the diversity of natural-climatic and orographic characteristics of mountainous territories.

The Gastrointestinal Parasite Cow in The Work Area of UPTD Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Public Health in Jambi Province in 2020-2022

Background: Jambi Province consists of 11 regencies and cities, which have a quite high potential for cattle breeding because the availability of natural feed for livestock is still very abundant. Jambi province has high rainfall and humidity. High rainfall and humidity cause the growth of helminth eggs, which can infect the digestive tract of cows. Helminths infestation in the digestive tract can cause damage to the intestinal mucosa, which can reduce the efficiency of absorption of food, causing a loss in cattle productivity in body weight, milk production, and meat quality. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the incidence of helminthiasis and the types of worms that infect livestock in the work area UPTD Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Public Health Jambi Province. Methods: A total of 2.720 feces were screened for parasite digestive tract in this study using floating and sedimentation methods. Results: It was found that the highest prevalence in 2020 occurred in Bungo Regency, which was 4.47%, while the lowest was in Sarolangun Regency, which was 0%. In 2021, the highest prevalence was in Jambi City, which was 7%, while the lowest was in Tanjung Jabung Barat Regency, which was 0.28%. The highest prevalence in 2022 will be in Jambi City, which is 6.19%, while the lowest will be in Sungai Full City, which is 0.52%. The type of helminth that infected cattle in 2020-2022 is Paramphistomum sp., with as many as 87, 48, and 205 cases, with the highest incidence in Bungo Regency, namely 23 cases, while Jambi City, namely, 21 and 51 cases. Conclusion: The highest incidence of helminthiasis in Jambi City, with the highest identified type of helminth egg, was Paramphistomum sp.

’FREQUENCY OF WORM INFESTATION AMONG PREGNANT FEMALES PRESENTING WITH ANEMIA TO DOCTORS TRUST TEACHING HOSPITAL SARGODHA

Background: Anemia is major contributor to maternal deaths as well as to low birth weight in developing countries. Association of anemia with helminthic infestation has been seen in the world and by eliminating it, anemia may be reduced with positive effects on maternal outcome.&#x0D; Methods: A cross sectional study done in Doctors trust teaching hospital Sargodha from 1st August 2019 to 31st July 2020 and total 130 patients were enrolled. Hemoglobin estimation and stool examination for parasitic infestation was done for all these women. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 24.0.&#x0D; Results: From 130 patients, it was observed that the minimum age was 18 years and maximum age was 40 years with mean and standard deviation of the age was 29.86 ± 6.61 years. Mild anemia was observed in 45.4% patients, moderate anemia was observed in 26.9% patients and severe anemia was observed in 27.7% patients. The frequency of worm infestation was found as 17.7% in pregnant females presenting with anemia to a tertiary care hospital. Effect modifiers have significant influence except age and monthly income. Significant association was found between BMI and presence of worm infestation having p-value = 0.005.

Efficacy of Bimectin® Anthelminthic against Helminthiasis in Horses in the Tyumen Region Conditions

Introduction. Helminthic infestation in horses is one of the most important problems the veterinary specialists face today, because helminth end-products affect significantly the overall condition of animals. The weight loss, depression, impaired work capacity, deterioration of stamina, exterior characteristics and natural resistance are observed and all together create the favourable conditions for arising the diseases of various etiology and cause considerable damage to horse breeding industry. The aim of the research is to determine the therapeutic efficacy of the anthelminthic drug «Bimectin®» against the intestinal helminthiasis in horses in the Tyumen region conditions.Materials and Methods. The studies were carried out with regard to the clinical examinations of animals and in compliance with the generally accepted parasitological methods. The infestation intensity (II), extensive efficacy (EE) and intensive efficacy (IE) were assessed, the haematological and biochemical blood tests were made on the 7th and 14th day before and after applying the drug. The results were statistically processed using the Statistica 6.1 software.Results. When assessing the therapeutic efficacy, we have determined that at a single application in the dose of 1.13 g. per 100 kg. of animal weight, the anthelminthic drug «Bimectin®» turned out to be 100 % therapeutically efficient and well tolerated by horses infested with Oxyuris equi and suborder Strongylata helminths, 91.7 % efficient against Parascaris equorum and 83.3 % efficient against Strongyloides westeri helminths.Discussion and Conclusions. Thus, in the result of assessing the therapeutic efficacy of the anthelmintic drug «Bimectin» against the horse helminthiasis, its economic benefit for using at the horse breeding farms of the region was confirmed, which should be taken into account when planning the combat measures against the nematode infestation in horses.